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AUTHOR: 


GELLIUS,  AULUS 


TITLE : 

STORIES  FROM  AULUS 

GELLIUS, 

BEING  ... 

PLACE: 

LONDON 

• 

DATE: 

1888 

COLUM  B I  \  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 

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GIVEN     BY 


Dr.  i  hos,  1—.  Stedm^-n. 


b H>(waft ."■&.% A'. "j«- ■■"--"  '-'^  "I'Mifiniii'-    -^    *■-  '- " -■-'"■■' 


UHttJ^JkmASj^i^maa   m  f        JLj  ■    ^   ■  ll^  «    —     I^KJI|>J<< 


(ku  .      arg  Classics. 


STORIES  FROM 


AULUS  GELLIUS, 


BEING  SELECTIONS  AND  ADAPTATIONS  FROM  THE 


NOCTES  ATTICAE, 


EDITED   WITH  NOTES  EXERCISES  AND  VOCABULARIES  FOR 
THE  USE  OF  10  WER  FORMS 


BY  THE 


REV.  G.  H.  NALL,  M.A, 

ASSISTANT   MASTER  AT   WESTMINSTER  SCHOOL. 


MACMILLAN  AND  CO., 

AND  NEW  YORK. 

1888. 

[AU  rights  raerved.] 


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PREFACE. 

It  is  hoped  that  tliis  series  of  short  stories  from  A. 
Gellius  may  serve  as  a  pleasant  change  to  young  boys 
after  a  course  of  Cornelius  Nepos,  Eutropius,   etc. 
The  language  of  the  original  has  been  simplified  in 
^arts,  and  some  rare  or  late  words  and  constructions  cut 
out.     The  Notes  have  been  made,  with  few  exceptions, 
as  short  as  possible  ;  a  few  more  lengthy  digressions, 
such   as   those  upon  the  ablative  absolute  and  the 
gerundial  constructions,  will  need  no  apology,  if  they 
succeed  in  leading  boys  to  think  out  for  themselves 
the  difficulties  which  these  constructions  present.  Some 
simple  Exercises  have  been  added  at  the  request  of 
the  Publishers,  and  for  these  an  English-Latin  Voca- 
bulary has  been  compiled.     In  this  Vocabulary  the 
words  are  arranged  in  alphabetical  order,  since  the 
Exercises  are  intended  principally  for  viva  voce  drill  in 
form  and  the  Editor's  experience  does  not  confirm  the 


CD 


?7R255 


VI 


rUEFACE. 


theory  of  some  Editors,  that  a  boy's  knowledge  of  a 
language  is  increased  in  proportion  to  the  time  that 
he  spends  in  hunting  for  words  that  he  does  not 
know;   he  considers  that  the  "paragraph"  vocabu- 

* 

lary  makes  the  lazy  boy  take  refuge  in  guessing, 
whilst  it  wastes  the  time  of  the  industrious  boy. 

The  Editor  acknowledges  his  obligations  to  the 
Latin  Grammars  of  Dr.  Kennedy  and  Mr.  Tioby, 
and  to  Dr.  Smith's  Dictionaries  of  Biography  and 
Antiquities,  and  to  similar  works  which  lie  at  every 
schoolmaster's  elljow. 


\ 


I'' 


t, 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Preface, v 

Life  of  Aulus  Gelliiis ix 

Text  of  the  "Stories  from  A uliis  Gellius,"       .         ,         .  1 

Notes  on  the  Text,   ........  33 

Exercises, 75 

Latiii-Knglisli  Vocabulary,        ......  98 

English-Latin  Vocabulary, 137 

Table   showing   tlie   order  of   the    "Stories"  compared 

with  the  Books  of  the  *'  Noctes  Atticae,"           .         .  147 

Index  to  Notes, 148 

Index  to  Proper  Names.   .......  152 


I 


( 


AULUS  GELLIUS. 

Nothing  is  known  about  tlie  life  of  A.  Gellius 
beyond  what  can  be  gathered  from  occasional  hints 
in  liis  own  writings;  it  has  even  been  disputed 
whether  his  name  was  Agellius  or  A.  Gellius.  Pro- 
bably he  was  a  Koman  by  birth,  of  good  family  and 
connections.  He  seems  to  have  spent  his  early  years 
at  Rome,  studying  under  the  celebrated  teachers, 
Sulpicius  Apollinaris,  T.  Castricius,  and  Antonius 
Julianus  (cf  xxxiv.  1) :  to  have  continued  his  studies 
at  Athens,  where  he  lived  on  terms  of  familiarity 
with  Herodes  Atticus,  Calvisius  Taurus,  Peregrinus 
Proteus,  and  other  famous  philosophers  of  that  day: 
and  after  the  lapse  of  many  years  to  have  returned  to 
Rome,  and  devoted  the  remaining  years  of  his  life  to 
literary  pursuits  and  the  society  of  a  large  circle  of 
friends.  The  dates  of  his  birth  and  death  are  un- 
known, but  from  the  names  of  his  teachers  and 
friends  it  is  certain  that  he  lived  during  the  reigns  of 
Hadrian,  Antoninus  Pius,  and  Marcus  Aurelius, 
117-180  A.D. 

ix 


X  JUL  us  GELLIUS. 

The  only  work   of  A.  Gellius   that   has   reached 
us,   possibly   the    only    one   that   he   wrote,   is  the 
"Noctes  Atticae,"   so  called   because  it  was  begun 
during    the    long    nights    of    winter   in    a   country 
house    in   Attica    (longinquis  per  hiemen   nodibus    in 
agro   terrae   Atticae).      It   consists   of  numerous   ox- 
tracts  from  Greek  and  Roman  writers  on  subjects 
connected  with    history,  philosophy,  philology,  and 
antiquities,  illustrated    by   abundant   criticisms   and 
discussions.      These   extracts    are    thrown    together 
without  any   attempt  at  order  or  arrangement,  and 
divided  into  twenty  books.     He  had  been  accustomed 
whilst  reading,  he  says,  to  make  notes  upon  anything 
which   struck   him   as   worth   remembering.      These 
notes  he  embodied  with  little  change  in  his  work,  in 
the  same  haphazard  order  in  which  they  had  been 
made  (im  autem  sumvs  ordiiie  rerum  fortuito  qiuvi  antea 
in  ezcerpendo  ftceramns). 

Naturally  the  various  parts  of  such  a  *  Miscellany ' 
vary  greatly  in  quality.  Some  portions  of  it  are 
highly  valuable  and  interesting.  For  instance,  many 
quotations  are  preserved  from  ancient  authors  whose 
works  have  perished,  some  of  which  throw  light  upon 
questions  of  constitutional  and  antiquarian  interest, 
which  would  otherwise  have  remained  obscure  ;  many 
literary  and  historical  anecdotes  are  given  which  are 
valuable  in  themselves;  and  some  important  gram- 
matical  usages   and   theories   are   noted.      But  the 


aulus  gellius. 


XI 


author's  appetite  was  omnivorous.     He  is  as  eager  to 
tell  the  story  of  a  marvellous  African  serpent,  120 
feet  in  length,  whose  destruction  required  the  utmost 
efforts  of  a  whole  Roman  army,  with  their  ballistae  and 
catapultcie   (magna   totius   exercitus   cmflidione,  ballistis 
atque  catapuUis  diu  oppugnatum.—N.  A.  vii.  3),  or  to 
discuss   some   absurd    etymology,    such    as    that   of 
avarus  from  aiidus  aeris,  as  to  preserve  some  really 
valuable  detail  of  senatorial  procedure,  or  record  the 
use  and  origin  of  obscure  constitutional  phrases.     His 
own  criticisms,  moreover,  are  as  a  rule  worthless,  and 
his  translations  are  feeble ;  but  in  spite  of  all  these 
defects  his  work  is  exceedingly  interesting,  and  we 
could  ill  afford  to  lose  it. 

His  Latin  style  shows  the  defects  of  his  age,  an  age 
in  which  the  Romans  had  ceased  to  feel  the  full 
meaning  of  the  words  which  they  used,  and  en- 
deavoured to  gain  emphasis  by  employing  obscure 
phrases  and  unnatural  turns  of  expression.  But 
these  peculiarities  are  even  more  noticeable  in  the 
writings  of  his  contemporaries. 


2         STORIES  FROM  AULUS  GELLIUS. 

III.  The  Palm  Thee. 

The  palm  has  been  made  the  emblem  of  victory,  because  its  wood 
does  not  yield,  when  heavy  weights  are  placed  upon  it. 

Rem  hercle  mirandam  Aristoteles  et  Plutarchus 
dicunt.  "  Si  super  palmae  arboris  lignum  "  inquiunt 
"magna  pondeva  imponis,  non  deorsum  palma  cedit 
nee  Fntra  tlectitur,  sed  adversus  pondus  resurgit  et 
S  sursum  recurvatur ;  propterea  in  certaminibus  palma 
signum  victoriae  facta  est,  quonium  urgentibus  oppri- 
mentibusque  uon  cedit." 

IV.  Socrates  and  His  Wife. 

Socrates,  when  aAed  why  he  endured  his  quarrehome  wife,  replied 
that  to  bear  her  temper  was  good  discipline. 

Xanthippe,  Socratis  philosophi  uxor,  admodum 
morosa  et  litigiosa  fuisse  fertur,  irisque  muliebribus 
per  diem  perque  noctem  scatebat.  Quam  rem  in 
maritum  Socraten  Alcibiades  demiratus,  "Cur  mu- 
Slierem"  inquit  "  tam  acerbam  domo  non  exigisT' 
"Quoniam,"respondit Socrates,  "cum  illam  domi  talem 
perpetior,  insuesco  et  exerceor,  ut  ceterorum  quoque 
foris  petulantiam  et  iniuriam  fiicilius  feram." 

V.  The  Self-Discipline  of  Socrates. 

Son-ates  used  to  train  himself  to  bear  fatigue  by  standing  motion- 
less for  twenty-four  hours  at  a  time.     His  health  was  ahvays  perfect.^ 

Inter  labores  voluntarios  corporis  firmandi  causa 
id    quoque    accepimus    Socraten   facere    insuevisse : 


f 


STORIES  FROM  AVLUS  GELLIUS.         3 

stabat  per  diem  perque  noctem  a  lucis  ortu  ad  solem 
alterum  orientem  immobilis,  iisdem  in  vestigiis,  et  ore 
atque  oculis  eundem  in  locum  directis,  cogitans,  tam-    5 
quam  quodam  secessu  mentis   atque  animi   facto  a 

corpore. 

Temperantia  quoque  tanta  fuisse  traditus   est,   ut 
omnem  fere  vitam  valitudine  integra  vixerit.     In  ea 
etiam  pestilentia,  quae  in  belli  Peloponnensiaci  prin-  10 
cipiis  Atheniensium  civitatem  depopulata  est,  dicitur 
vi^'orem  corporis  retinuisse. 

VI.  Alexander  and  P>ucephalas. 

How  Alexander  obtained  his  famous  charger  Bucephalas,  how  it 
saved  his  life  in  battle,  and  how  the  King  shoxced  his  gratitude. 

Equus    Alexandri   regis   nomine   Bucephalas   fuit. 
Emptum   Chares   scripsit   tulentis    tredecim   et   regi 
Philippo  donatum;   hoc  autem  aeris  nostri  summa 
est  sestertia  trecenta  duodecim.  De  hoc  equo  haec  me- 
moria  digna  accepimus.     Ubi  ornatus  erat  armatusque 
ad  proelium,  baud  umquam  inscendi  sese  ab  alio,  nisi 
ab  rege  passus  est.     Bello  Indico  cum  insidens  in  eo 
Alexander  facinora  fuceret  fortia,  in  hostium  cuneum, 
non  satis  sibi  providens,  inmisit.     Coniectis  undique 
in  Alexandrum  telis,  vulneribus  altis  in  cervice  atque  10 
in  latere  equus  perfossus  est.     Moribundus  tamen  ac 
prope  iam  exanguis  e  mediis  hostibus  regem  citato 
cursu  retulit  atque,  ubi  eum  extra  tela  extulerat,  ilico 
concidit  et,  domini  iam  superstitis  securus,  animam 


4         STORIES  FROM  A  ULUS  GELLIUS, 

15  expiravit.  Turn  rex  Alexander,  parta  eius  belli 
victoria,  oppidum  in  iisdem  locis  condidit  idque  ob 
equi  bonores  Buceplialon  appellavit. 

VII.  Alcibiades  and  the  Pipes. 

Alcihiades,  when  a  boff,  refused  to  learn  to  play  the  pipts,  because 
they  distorted  the  players  mouth. 

Alcibiades  Atbeniensis  apud  avunculum  Periclen 
educatus  est,  qui  artibus  ac  disciplinis  liberalibus 
puernm  docendum  curavit.  Inter  alios  magistros 
tibicinem  arcessi  iussit,  ut  eum  canere  tibiis  doceret, 
5  quod  honestissimum  turn  videbatur.  Traditas  sibi 
tibias  Alcibiades  ad  os  adhibuit  infiavitque ;  sed  ubi 
oris  deformitatem  vidit,  abiecit  infregitque.  Cum  ea 
res  percrebuisset,  omnium  turn  Atheniensium  con- 
sensu disciplina  tibiis  canendi  desita  est. 

YIII.  Fabiiicius  and  the  Samnite  Gold. 

Fahrkius  refused  rich  presents,  which  the  Samnites  offered  Iiitn, 
sayimj  that,  while  he  retained  command  over  his  senses,  he  had  all 
that  he  netded. 

Le^ati  a  SamnitiV)Us  ad  C.  Fabricium,  imperatorem 
populi  Romani,  venerunt  et,  memoratis  multis  mag- 
nisque  rebus,  quae  bene  post  reddituni  pacem  Samni- 
tibus  fecisset,  dono  grandem  pecuniani  obtulerunt. 
5  "  Quae  facimus  "  Samnites  inquiunt,  "  quod  multa  ad 
splendorem  domus  atque  victus  defieri  videmus.'* 
Turn  Fabricius  manus  ab  anribus  ad  oculos  et  infra 


STORIES  FROM  A  UL  US  GELLIUS.  5 

deinceps  ad  nares  et  ad  os  et  ad  gulam  deduxit,  et 
legatis  ita  respondit :    "  Dum  his  omnibus  membris, 
quae  attigi,  imperare   possum,    numquam   quicquam  10 
mihi  deerit ;    quamobrem  banc  pecuniani,  qua  nihil 
mihi  est  usus,  a  vobis,  qui  ea  uti  scitis,  non  accipio." 

IX.  Hannibal's  Jest. 

Antiochus,  proud  of  his  army,  asked  Hannibal  if  they  were 
*  enough  foi'  the  Romans.'  '  Quite  enough,'  replied  Hannibal,  *  how- 
ever  greedy  the  Romans  are.' 

Antiochus  ostendebat  Hannibali  in  campo  copias 
ingentis,  quas  bellum  populo  Romano  facturus  com- 
paraverat,  convertebatque  exercitum  insi-nibus  ar- 
genteis  et  aureis  micantem  ;  inducebat  etium  currus 
cum.  falcibus  et  elephantos  cum  turribus  equitatunKpie  5 
frenis,  ephippiis,  monilibus,  phaleris  fulgentem.  Atque 
ibi  rex  Hannibalem  aspicit  et  '•  Putasne  "  inquit  "  satis 
esse  Romanis  haec  omnia  ? "  Tum  Poenus,  eludens 
iL'naviam  militum  eius  tam  pretiose  armatorum,  "Satis, 
plane  satis  esse  credo  Romanis  haec  omnia,  etiamsi  10 
avarissimi  sunt." 


X.  The  Death  of  Milo. 

Milo,  when  enfeebled  by  age,  tried  to  tear  a  tree  open,  but  the  loood 
closed  on  his  hands  and  he  perished  miserably. 

Milo  Crotoniensis,  athleta  inlustris,  exitum  habuit 
e  vita  miserandum  et  mirandum.  Cum  iam  natu 
grandis  artem  athleticam  desisset  iterque  faceret  forte 


6         STORIES  FROM  AULUS  GELLIUS. 

solus  in  locis  Italiac  silvestribus,quercum  vidit  proxime 
5  viam  rimis  in  parte  media  hiantem.  Turn  experiri 
etiam  tunc  volens,  an  uUae  sibi  vires  adessent, 
inmissis  in  cavernas  arboris  digitis,  diducere  et  re- 
scindere  quercum  conatus  est.  Ac  mediam  quideni 
partem  discidit  divellitque ;  quercus  autem  in  duas 
lo  diducta  partis,  cum  ille  manus  laxasset,  rediit  in 
naturam,  manibusque  eius  retentis  inclusisque  dilacer- 
andum  homincm  feris  praebuit. 

XI.  A  Hoax: — The  Stouv  of  rAPiiiius 
Pkaetextatus. 

The  yoiuKj  Papirhis,  pressed  by  his  mother  to  renal  the  secret  pro- 
ceedinys  of  the  Semite,  told  her  that  they  had  debated  whether  it  was 
better  for  one  husband  to  have  two  wires,  or  one  wife  tioo  husbands. 

Mos  antea  senatoribus  Romae  fuit,  in  curiam 
cum  praetextatis  filiis  introire.  Forte  res  maior 
quaepiam  consultata  et  in  diem  posterum  prulata  est, 
placuitque  ut  earn  rem  ne  quis  enuntiaret,  priusquam 
5  decreta  esset.  Scd  mater  Papirii  pueri,  qui  cum  patre 
suo  in  curia  fuerat,  percontata  est  filium,  <|uidnam  in 
senatu  patres  egissent.  Puer  respondit  tacendum 
esse  neque  id  dici  licere.  Mulier  autem  fit  audiendi 
cupidior,  ac  tandem  puer  matre  urgente  lepidi  men- 
10  dacii  consilium  capit.  Actum  in  senatu  dixit,  utrum 
videretur  utilius  exque  republica  esse,  unusne  ut  duas 
uxores  haberet,  an  ut  una  duobus  nupta  esset. 


STORIES  FROM  AULUS  CELLIUS.         7 
XII.  The  PiESULT  of  the  Hoax. 

The  consternation  of  the  Roman  Matrons,  the  bewilderment  of  the 
Senators,  the  confession  of  Papirius,  and  the  reward  for  his  discre- 
tion. 

Ubi  ilia  hoc  audivit,  domo  trepidans  egreditur,  ad 
ceteras  matronas  se  adfert.  Pervenit  ad  senatum 
postridie  matrum  familias  caterva.  Lacrimantes  atque 
obsecrantes  orant,  ut  una  potius  duobus  nupta  fieret 
quam  ut  duae  uni.  Senatores  in  curiam  ingredientes  c 
mirabantur,  quae  ilia  mulierum  insania  et  quid  sibi 
postulatio  istaec  vellet.  Puer  Papirius  in  medium 
curiae  progressus,  quid  mater  audire  institisset,  quid 
ii)se  matri  dixisset,  denarrat.  Senatus  fidem  atque 
ingenium  pueri  laudat  et  consultum  facit,  uti  postliac  lo 
pueri  cum  patribus  in  curiam  ne  introeant,  praeter 
ilium  unum  Papirium,  cui  postea  cognomen  honoris 
irratiii  <latum  *•  Praetextatus." 


XIII.  SEUToraus. 

The  extraordinary  irjiucncc  that  Sertorius  exercised  over  the  minds 
of  his  soldiers,  and  the  means  by  tchich  he  maintained  this  influence. 

Sertorius,  vir  acer  egrcgiu.scjue  dux,  et  utendi  et 
regendi  exercitus  peritus  fuit.  Is  in  temporibus 
difficillimis  et  mentiebatur  ad  milites,  si  mendacium 
prodesset,  et  litteras  compositas  pro  veris  legebat,  et 
somnium  simulabat,  et  falsas  religiones  conferebat,  si  5 
quid  istae  res  eum  apud  militum  animos  adiuvabant. 
Hacc   hominum    barbarorum   credulitas   Sertorio   in 


8         STOlilES  FROM  AULUS  GELLIUS. 

uiaf'nis  rebus  macrno  nsui  fuit.  Memoria  prodita  est, 
neminem  umquam  ex  his  nationibus,  quae  cum  Ser- 
10  torio  faciebant,  cum  multis  proeliis  superatus  esset, 
ab  eo  descivisse,  quamquam  id  genus  hominum  esset 
mobilissimum. 


XIV.  Sektorius  and  the  Doe. 

Sertorius  pretended  that  divine  rei'elations  were  made  to  1dm 
through  a  \chite  doe.  This  doe  once  ran  awat/,  but  loaa  soon  found 
again.     The  use  which  Sertorius  made  of  this  incident. 

Huic  Sertorio  cerva  alba  eximiae  pulchritudinis  et 
celeritatis  a  Lusitano  quodam  doiio  data  est.  Hanc 
persuasit  omnibus,  oblatam  sibi  divinitus  et  instinctam 
Dianae  numine,  conloqui  secum  et  monere  et  docere, 

5  quae  utilia  i\ictu  essent,  ac,  si  (juid  durius  videl)atur, 
quod  impevandum  militi))us  foret,  a  cerva  sese  moni- 
tum  praedicabat.  Id  cum  dixerat,  universi,  tamquam 
si  deo,  libentes  ei  parebant.  Ea  cerva  quodam  die,  cum 
incursio  hostium  esset  nuntiata,  tunuiltu  constemata 

ID  in  fugam  se  proripuit  atcpie  in  palude  proxima  delituit, 
et  postea  requisita  periisse  credita  est.  Neque  multis 
diebus  post  inventam  esse  cervani  Sertorio  nuntiatur. 
Turn  eum  qui  nuntiaverat  iussit  tacere  ac,  ne  cui  palam 
diceret,  intcrminatus  est  praeccpitcpie,  ut  earn  postoro 

15  die  repente  in  eum  locum,  in  quo  ipse  cum  amicis 
esset.  inmitteret.  Admissis  deinde  amicis  postridie, 
cervam  ait,  ([uao  periisset,  visam  esse  in  quietc 
ad  se  rovcrti  et,  ut  prius  consuorat,  quod  opus  esset 


STOIUES  FROM  AULUS  GELLIUS.         9 

facto  pracdicerc  ;  tum  servo  quod  imperaverat  signifi- 
cat,  cerva  emissa  in   cubiculum   Sertorii   introrupit,  20 
clamor  factus  et  orta  admiratio  est. 


XV.  Tarquin  and  the  Sidyllixe  Books. 

A  Sibyl  offered  to  sell  King  Tarqnin  nine  books  for  a  large  sum. 
On  his  scornful  refusal  she  burnt  three,  and  offered  the  remaining  six 
for  the  same  sum^  but  he  again  refused.  She  burnt  three  more  and 
offired  the  remaining  three  for  the  same  sum  :  these  the  King  bought 
and  deposited  in  the  '  Saa^isty.^ 

In  antiquis  annalibus  hacc  mcmoria  dc  lil)ris  Sibyl- 
linis  prodita  est :  Anus  hospita  atque  incognita  ad 
Tanpiinium  Superbum  rcgem  adiit,  novcm  libros 
ferens,  quos  divina  oracula  esse  dicebat;  eos  vellc 
vendere.  Tarquinius  pretium  percontatus  est.  Mulier  ^ 
nimium  atque  inmensum  i)oposcit :  rex,  quasi  anus 
aetate  desiperet,  derisit.  Tum  ilia  foculum  coram  cum 
igni  apponit,  tris  libros  ex  novem  deurit  et,  ecquid 
reliquos  sex  eodem  pretio  cmerc  vellet,  regem  inter- 
rogavit  Sed  enim  Tar<piinius  id  multo  magis  risit,  10 
dixitque  anum  iam  procul  duluo  delirare.  Mulier 
i])idem  statim  tris  alios  liln'os  exussit  atque  id  ipsum 
denuo  placide  rogat,  ut  tris  reliquos  eodem  illo  pretio 
emat.  Tarquiiuis  ore  iam  serio  atque  attentiore 
animo  fit,  cam  constantiam  confidentiamquc  non  con-  15 
temnendam  intellegit,  libros  tris  reliquos  mercatur 
nihilo  minore  pretio,  quam  quod  erat  petitum  pro 
omnibus.  Sed  ea  mulier  tunc  a  Tanpiinio  digressa 
postea  nusquam  loci  visa  est.    Libri  trcs,  in  sacrarium 


10        STOUIES  FROM  ATLUS  GELLIUS. 

20  conditi,  "  Sibyllini  "  appellati  ;  ad  cos  quasi  ad  oracu- 
luin  (luindecimviri  adeunt,  cum  di  immortales  publice 
consulendi  sunt. 

XVI.  SciPio  x\fktcanus  Impeached  :  His 

Answer. 

Scipio  was  accused  of  harivff  received  bribes  from  Autiochm. 
Scornimj  to  answer  such  a  charge,  he  reminded  the  people  that  this 
was  the  annicersanj  of  his  {/real  victory  at  Zama,  and  called  upon 
them  to  follow  him  to  the  Capitol  and  there  return  thanks  to  the  gods. 

IVI.  Xaevius  tribiuius  plebis  accusavit  Scipionem  ad 
populuni,  dixitque  eum  accepisse  a  rege  Antiocho 
pecuniam,  ut  condicionibus  mollibus  pax  cum  eo 
populi  Komani  nomine  fieret,  et  quaedam  item  alia 

5  indigna  tali  viro  addi«lit.  Tum  Scipio  pauca  prae- 
fatus,  quae  dignitas  vitae  suae  at(pie  gloria  postulal)at, 
"Memoria"  inciuit,  '' (^)ui rites,  repeto,  diem  esse 
hodiernum,  (luo  Hannibalem  Poenum,  imperio  vestro 
inimicissimum,   magno   pioelio   in   terra  Africa  vici, 

10  pacemque  et  victoriam  vobis  peperi  praeclaram.  Non 
igitur  simus  adversum  deos  ingrati  et,  censeo,  re- 
linquamus  nebulonem  hunc,  eamus  liinc  protinus  lovi 
optimo  maximo  gratulatum."  Id  cum  dixisset,  avertit 
et  ire  ad  Capitolium  coepit.     Tum  coutio  universa, 

15  quae  ad  sententiam  de  Scipione  ferendam  convenerat, 
relicto  tribuno  Scipionem  in  Capitolium  comitata, 
atque  inde  ad  aedes  eius  cum  laetitia  et  gratulatione 
soUemni  prosecuta  est. 


STOUIES  FllOM  JUL  US  GELLIUS.       11 


o 


XVII.    Scipio  Afkicanus:    Another 
Impeachment. 

Scipio  on  another  occasion  was  accused  of  embezzling  the  money 
paid  by  Antiochus  as  a  rear  indemnity  :  he  answered  the  charge  by 
tearing  his  accounts  in  pieces  before  the  eyes  of  the  Senators. 

Item  aliud  est  factum  eius  praeclarum.  Petilii 
quidam  tribuni  plebis  a  M.,  ut  aiunt,  Catone,  inimico 
Scipionis,  comparati  in  eum  atque  iinnissi,  desidera- 
bant  in  senatu,  ut  pecuniae  Antiochinae  i)raedaeque 
in  eo  bello  captae  rationem  redderet :  fuerat  enim  L. 
Scipioni  Asiatico,  fratri  suo,  imperatori  in  ed  provincia 
legatus.  Ibi  Scipio  cxurgit  et,  prolato  e  sinu  togae 
libro,  rationes  in  eo  scriptas  esse  dixit  omnis  pecuniae 
omnisque  praedae ;  allatum,  ut  palam  recitaretur  et 
ad  aerarium  deferretur.  "Sed  enim  id  iam  non 
faciam "  inquit,  "  nee  me  ipse  afficiam  contumelia," 
eumque  librum  statim  coram  discidit  suis  manibus, 
aegre  passus,  quod,  cni  salus  imperii  ac  reipublicae 
accepta  referri  deberet,  ab  eo  ratio  praedae  posceretur. 

XVIII.   Scipio  Africanus  and  the  CIods. 

Scipio  believed  that  he  «'««  a  special  favourite  ofthegotls  :  before 
entering  on  any  important  work  he  used  to  spend  hours  of  quiet 
meditation  in  the  temple  on  the  Capitol.  A  story  is  given  showing 
his  power  of  foreseeing  the  future. 

Id  etiam  dicere  haut  piget,  quod  ii,  qui  de  vita  et 
rebus  Africani  scripserunt,  litteris  mandaverunt. 
Solitus  est  ncnctis  extrcmo  ante  primam  lucem  in 
Capitolium  ventitare  ac  iubere  aperiri  cellam  lovis, 


10 


I 


12       STORIES  FROM  AULUS  GELLIUS. 

r  atque  ibi  solus  diu  Jemorari,  quasi  consultans  de 
republica  cum  love.  Aeditumi  eius  templi  saepe 
adniirati,  (piod  in  cum  solum  id  tcmi)oris  in  Capitoli- 
um  ingredientem  canes,  semper  in  alios  saevientes, 
neque   latrarent   neque   incurrerent.       Has  volgi  do 

10  Scipione  opiniones  confirmare  atque  approbare  vide- 
bantur  dicta  factafpie  eius  pleraque  admiranda.  Ex 
quibus  est  uiuim  huiuscemodi.  Assidel)at  oppugna- 
batque  oppidum  in  Hispania  situm,  moenibus  defen- 
soribusque   validum   et   munitum, .  re   etiam   cibaria 

15  copiosum,  nullaque  eius  potiundi  spes  erat.  Quodam 
die  ius  in  castris  sedens  dicebat,  atque  ex  eo  loco  id 
oppidum  })iocul  visebatur.  Tum  quispiam  e  militi- 
bus,qui  in  iure  ajjud  eum  stabant,  interrogavit  ex  more, 
in  quern  diem  locumque  vadimonium  promitti  iuberet : 

20  et  Scipio  manum  ad  ipsam  oppidi,  quod  obsidebatur, 
arcem  protendens,  perendie  sese  sistere  illo  in  loco 
iussit.  Atque  ita  factum  :  die  tertio,  in  (|uem  vadari 
iusserat,  oppidum  captum  est  eodemque  eo  die  in  arce 
eius  oppidi  ius  dixit. 

XIX.  Duty  and  Fkiendship. 

How  a  man,  token  trying  a  frknd  who  w<ts  fjniUtj,  succeeded  in 
reconciling  the  claims  of  dutt/  and  of  friendship,  h/  himself  voting  for 
condemnation,  hut  persuading  Ids  fellow  indices  to  vote  for  acquittid. 

Super  amici  capite  index  cum  duobus  aliis  fui.  Ita 
lex  fuit,  uti  eum  hominem  condemnari  necesse  esset. 
Aut  amico  igitur  caput  perdendum  aut  adhil)enda 
fraus  Ici^i  fuit.     Multa  cum  animo  meo  ad  casum  tarn 


.  STORIES  FROM  A  ULUS  GELLIUS,       13 

ancipitem  medendum  consultavi ;   tandem  hoc,  quod    5 
feci,  visum  est  optimum.     Ipse  tacitus  ad  condemnan- 
dum  sententiam  tuli,  iis  qui  simul  iudicabant,  ut  absol- 
verent,  persuasi.     Sic  mihi  et  iudicis  et  amici  officium 
in  re  tanta  salvum  fuit. 

XX.  Avoid  Obsolete  Language. 

Favorinus  rebuked  a  young  man,  wfio  affected  the  use  of  airlmic 
language,  by  telling  him  to  hold  his  tongue  altogether  if  he  did  not 
wish  to  be  understood  :  if  he  admired  the  purity  of  the  good  old  times 
he  should  imitate  their  ways,  not  their  words. 

Favorinus  philosophus  adulescenti,  veterum  ver- 
})orum  cupidissimo  et  plerasque  voces  nimis  priscas  et 
ignotas  in  cotidianis  sermonibus  expromenti,  ''  Curius" 
inquit  "  et  Fabricius  et  Coruncanius,  antiquissimi  viri, 
et  his  antiquiores  Horatii  illi  trigemini  plane  ac  5 
dilucide  cum  suis  locuti  sunt,  neque  Auruncorum  aut 
Sicanorum  aut  Pelasgorum,  qui  primi  coluisse  Italiam 
dicuntur,  sed  aetatis  suae  verbis  usi  sunt ;  tu  autem, 
proinde  quasi  cum  matre  Euandri  nunc  loquare,  ser- 
mone  abhinc  multis  annis  iam  desito  uteris,  quod  10 
neminem  vis  scire  atque  intellegere  quae  dicas.  Nonne, 
homo  inei)te,  ut  quod  vis  abunde  consequaris,  taces  *? 
Sed  antiquitatem  tibi  placere  ais,  quod  honesta  et 
bona  et  sobria  et  modesta  sit.  Vive  ergo  moribus 
praeteritis,  loquere  verbis  praesentibus  :  atque  id,  15 
quod  a  C.  Caesare  scriptum  est,  habe  semper  in 
memoria  atque  in  pectore,  ut  tamquam  scopulum 
sic  fugias  insolens  verbum." 


14       STOniES  FROM  AULUS  GELLIUS. 

XXI.    TORQUATUS  AND  THE  GaUL  : TlIE 

Ciiallengp:. 

In  one  of  the  strvfuihs  hetween  the  Romans  and  the  Gauh  in  361 
B.C.  a  f/itfantic  Gaul  clialltmjed  the  Jiomans  to  send  out  a  champion 
to  meet  hiin  :  all  held  lack  except  the  youwj  T.  ManUas. 

Titus  Manlius  summo  loco  natus  fuit.     Ei  cogno- 
men factum  est  Torquatus.     Causa  cognomenti  fuisse 
dicitur  torquis,  quam  ex  lioste,  quem  occiderat,  detrac- 
tam  induit.     Quis  hostis  fuerit  et   (jualis  pugna  ita 
5  accepimus. 

Galli  contra  Romanos  pugnabant,  cum  interim  Gal- 
lus  cpii'lani  nudus  praeter  scutum  et  gladios  duos,  tor- 
que atque  armillis  decoratus,  qui  et  viribus  et  magni- 
tudiiie  et  adulescentia  et  virtute  ceteros  praestabat, 

lo  processit  et  manu  significare  coepit  utrisque,  ut  quie- 
scerent.  Extemplo  silentio  facto  voce  maxima  concla- 
mat,  si  quis  secum  depugnare  vellet,  uti  prodirct. 
Nemo  audebat  propter  magnitudinem  atque  inmanem 
faciem.     Deinde  Gallus  inridere  coepit  atque  linguam 

15  exertare.  Doluit  Titus  Manlius,  tantum  flagitium 
civitati  adcidere,  e  tanto  exercitu  neminem  prodire. 
Processit  ipse  scuto  pedestri  et  gladio  Ilispanico  cinc- 
tus  et  contra  Galium  constitit. 

XXll.    TOKQUATUS  AND  THE  GaUL  : TlIE  BATTLE. 

In  the  stniff(/k'  which  followed  Manlius  disconcerted  the  Gaul  by 
suddenli/  with  Iiia  shield  dashing  him  lack  from  his  posture  of  defence; 
he  then  came  to  close  quarters  with  the  Gaul,  and  slew  him.     He 


^ 


STOniES  FROM  AULUS  GELLIUS.        15 

put  on  his  own  7uck  the  necklace  which  the  Gaul  had  worn  ;  hence 
he  was  named  Torquatus.  This  same  Manlius  executed  his  son  for 
disobeying  orders  and  slaying  an  enemy  who  had  challenged  him. 

Metu  magno  ea  congressio  in  ipso  ponte,  utroque 
exercitu  inspectante,  facta  est.  Constitit  Gallus  sua 
disci  plina  scuto  proiecto  cunctabundus;  Manlius,  animo 
magis  quam  arte  confisus,  scuto  scutum  percussit  atque 
statum  Galli  conturbavit.  Dum  se  Gallus  iterum  eodem  5 
pacto  constituere  studet,  Manlius  iterum  scuto  scutum 
percutit  atque  de  loco  hominem  iterum  deiecit;  eo  pac- 
to ei  sub  Gallicum  gladium  successit  atque  Hispanico 
pectus  hausit;  deinde  continuo  umerum  dextrum  in- 
cidit  neque  recessit  usquam,  donee  subvertit.  Ubi  eum  10 
evertit,  caput  praecidit,  torquem  detraxit  eamque 
sanguinulentam  sibi  in  collum  inponit.  Quo  ex  facto 
ipse  posterique  eius  Torquati  siuit  cognominati. 

Ab  hoc  Tito  Manlio  imperia  et  aspera  et  immitia 
Manlia  dicta  sunt,  quoniam  postea,cum  belloadversum  15 
Latinos  csset  consul,  filium  suum  securi  percussit,  qui 
speculatum  ab  eo  missus,  pugna  interdicta,  hostem,  a 
quo  provocatus  fuerat,  occiderat. 

XXIII.  Valeuius  CoRViNus  : — The  Okigin  of 

His  Xame. 

On  another  occasion  the  young  Valerius  accepted  the  challenge  of  a 
gigantic  Gaul.  During  the  fight  a  raven  aided  the  Roman  by  at- 
tacking his  enemy  with  Us  talons;  thus  helped  Valerius  slew  the 
Gaul,  and  received  the  name  of  Corvinus. 

Copiae  Gallorum  ingentes  agrum  Pomptinum  i\\- 


16 


STORIES  FROM  AULUS  GELLIUS. 


sederant  iiistriiel)antiirque  acies  a  consulibus.  Dux 
interea  Gallorum,  vasta  proceritate  armis(iue  auro 
praefulgentibus,  manu  telum  vibraiis  incedebat  perqiie 
5  contemptum  et  superbiam  circumspicit  despicitque 
omnia,  et  venire  iubet  et  congredi,  si  qiiis  pugnare 
secum  ex  omni  Komano  cxercitu  auderet.  Turn 
Valerius  adulescens,  tribunus  iam  militaris,  ceteris 
inter  metum  pudoremque  amlnguis,  inipetrat  a  con- 

lo  sulibus,  ut  in  Galium  pugnare  sese  permitterent,  et 
progrcditur  intrepidus  obviam.  Et  congrediuntur  et 
consistunt  et  conserebantur  iam  manus.  Atque  ibi 
vis  quaedam  divina  fit :  corvus  repente  advolat  et 
super  galeam  tribuni  insistit  atque  inde  in  adversarii 

15  OS  atque  oculos  pugnare  incii)it,  eius  manum  unguibus 
laniabat  atque,  ubi  satis  saevicrat,  revolabat  in  galeam 
tribuni.  Sic  tribunus,  spcctante  utroque  exercitu,  et 
sua  virtute  nixus  et  openi  alitis  adiutus,  ducem  hostium 
ferocissimum  vieit  interfecitciuc,  atque  ob  banc  causam 

20  cognomen  habuit  Corvinum. 

Statuam  Cor  vino  isti  divus  Augustus  in  foro  suo 
statuendam  curavit.  In  eius  statuae  capite  corvi 
simulacrum  est,  rei  pugnaeque,  quam  diximus,  moni- 
mentum. 

XXIV.  Aesop. 

Aesop  in  his  fables  (fives  fjood  advice  in  a  pleasant  way,  and  hence 
men  attend  to  h  im .  A  n  instance  of  this  is  his  fable  of  the  lark\  which 
has  been  put  into  verse  by  Ennius. 

Aesopus  ille  e  I*hrygia  fabularum   scriptor  baud 


STORIES  FROM  ALL  US  GELLIUS.        17 

inmerito  sapiens  existimatus  est;    quae  enim  utilia 
monitu   suasuque   erant,    non    severe    praecepit,   ut 
philosophis  mos  est,  sed  hilares  iucundosque  apologos 
commentus,  in  mentes  liominum  cum  audiendi  quadam    5 
inlecebra  induit.     Velut  liaec  eius  fabula  de  parvae  . 
avis  nidulo  lej)ide  praemonet  spem  fiduciamque  rerum, 
quas  efticere  quis  possit,  haut  umquam  in  alio,  sed  in 
semetipso   habendam.      Hunc   Aesopi   apologum   Q. 
Ennius  in  satiris  versibus  quadratis  composuit,  quorum  10 
duo  postremi  hi  sunt : 

Hoc  erit  tibi  drgumentum  stamper  in  promptii  situm, 
N6  quid  expect^s  amicos,  qu6d  tute  agere  p6ssies. 


XXV.  A  Fable  of  Aesop  : — The  Lakk  and  the 

liEAPERS. 

A  certain  lark  found  the  corn,  in  which  it  had  built,  ripe  for  cutting 
before  its  young  were  Jledf/ed.  It  therefore  ordered  them  to  report 
anything  nnusual  ichich  might  happen  in  its  absence.  The  first  day 
they  announced  that  the  master  had  been  to  the  jield  and  had  sent  to 
ask-  his  friends  to  help  him  to  reap  the  corn.  On  hearing  this  the 
mother  said  that  there  was  no  immediate  need  for  them  to  leave  the 
field. 

Avis  est  parva,  nomen  est  cassita.     Habitat  in  sege- 

tibus,  id  ferme  temporis  ut  appetat  messis  pullis  iam 

iam  plumantibus.     Ea  cassita  in  sementes  forte  con- 

gesserat   tempestiviores ;  propterea   frumentis   flave- 

scentibus  pulli  etiam  tunc  inplumes  erant.    Dum  igitur 

ipsa  iret  cibuni   pullis  quaesitum,  monet  eos,  ut,  si 

quid   ibi  rei  novae   fieret  dicereturve,  animadverte- 

B 


.1 


18 


STOIUES  FJIOM  AULUS  GELLIUS, 


rent  idque  sibi,  ubi  rediisset,  niintiarent.  Dominus 
postea  segetum  illarum  tilium  adulescentem  vocat  et 

lo'-Videsne"  inquit  "  haec  maturuisse  et  manus  iam 
postulare  ']  idcirco  eras,  ubi  primum  dilucescit,  fac  ami- 
cos  eas  et  roges,  ut  veniant  operamque  miituam  dent 
et  in  liac  messi  nos  adiuvent."  Haec  ubi  ille  dixit,  et 
discessit.     Atque  ubi  redit  cassita,  pulli  tremibundi 

15  orare  matrem,  ut  iam  statim  properet  inque  ab'um 
locum  sese  asportet :  "Nam  dominus  "  inquiunt  ''misit, 
qui  amicos  roget,  uti  luce  oriente  veniant  et  metant." 
Mater  iubet  eos  otioso  animo  esse :  "Si  enim  dominus  " 
inquit    "  messim    ad    amicos   reiicit,  eras  seges  non 

20  metetur,  neque  necesse  est  hodie  uti  vos  auferam." 

XXYL  The  Lark  and  the  Heapek-s  (Co/Uinucd), 

Next  day  the  young  ones  reported  that  the  master,  finding  his 
friends  had  not  come,  had  sent  to  ask  the  aid  of  his  relations.  The 
mother  still  tells  them  to  be  in  no  fear,  and  next  day  again  goes  out 
to  seek  food.  This  time  the  young  ones  repoH  that  the  master,  finding 
his  relations  lingered,  had  detei-mined  to  cut  the  corn  himself.  On 
hearing  this  the  mother  announces  that  they  must  go  at  once. 

Die  postero  mater  in  pabulum  volat.  Dominus, 
quos  rogaverat,  opperitur.  Sol  fervit,  et  fit  nihil ;  it 
dies,  et  amici  nulli  eunt.  Tum  ille  rursum  ad  filium 
"Amici  isti"  inquit  "  cessatores  sunt.  Quin  potius  imus 
5  et  cognatos  adfinesque  nostros  oramus,  ut  adsint  eras  ad 
metendum  1 "  Itidem  hoc  pulli  pavefacti  matri  nun- 
tiant.  Mater  hortatur,  ut  tum  quoque  sine  metu  ac  sine 
cuni  sint ;  cognatos  adfinesque  nullos  ferme  tam  faciles 


i 


I 


STOIUES  FliOM  A ULUS  GELLIUS        19 

esse  ait,  ut  ad  laborem  capessendum  nihil  cunctentur 
et  itatim  dicto  oboediant :   «  Vos  modo  "  inquit  "  ad-  10 
vertite,  si  modo  quid  denuo  dicetur."     Alia  luce  orta 
avis    in    pastum    profecta   est.     Cognati   et   adfines 
operam,   quam  dare  rogati    sunt,    neglexerunt.     Ad 
postremum   igitur    dominus    filio    "  Valeant "  inquit 
"  amici  cum  propinquis.      Afferes  prima  luce  falces  15 
duas ;  unam  egomet  mihi  et  tu  ti])i  capies  alteram  et 
frumentum  nosmetipsi  manibusnostriscrasmetemus." 
Id    ubi   ex    pullis   dixisse   dominum    mater   audivit, 
"  Tempus  "  inquit  "  est  cedendi  et  abeundi ;  fiet  nunc 
dubio  procul  quod  futurum  dixit.     In  ipso  enim  iam  20 
yertitur  cuia  res  est,  non  in  alio,  unde  petitur."  Atque 
ita  cassita  e  nido  migravit,  seges  a  domino  demessa 
est. 

XXYII.  PvRiius  AND  Fabricius. 

A  friend  of  King  Pyirus  came  to  the  Roman  general  Fabricius 
and  offered  to  jwison  the  King  for  a  bribe.  Fabricius  reported  the 
matter  to  the  Senate,  who  warned  Piirrus  to  be  on  his  guard.  Pui-rus 
showed  his  gratitude  by  sending  back  all  the  Roman  prisoners. 

Cum  Pyrrus  rex  in  terra  Italia  esset  et  unam  atque 
alteram  pugnas  prospere  pugnasset  et  pleraque  Italia 
ad  regem  descivisset,  tum  Ambraciensis  quispiam 
Timochares,  regis  Pyrri  amicus,  ad  C.  Fabricium  con- 
sulem  furtim  venit  ac  praemium  petivit  et,  si  de  5 
praemio  conveniret,  promisit  se  regem  venenis  neca- 
turum  ;  idque  facile  esse  factu  dixit,  quoniam  filius 
suus  pocula  in  convivio  regi  ministraret.     Eam  rem 


(» 
I 


20        STORIES  FROM  A  UL  US  GELLl  US, 

Fabricius  ad  senatum  scripsit.  Senatus  ad  regem 
lo  legates  misit  manJavitque,  ut  de  Tiinochare  nihil  pro- 
derent,  sed  monerent,  uti  rex  cautius  ageret  atque  a 
proximorum  insidiis  salutem  tutaretur.  Quamobrem 
Pyrrus  populo  Romano  laudes  atque  gratias  scripsisse 
dicitiir  captivosqiie  omnes,  quos  turn  habuit,  vestivisse 
15  et  reddidisse. 

XXVIII.   Androclus  and  the  Lion  :   Scene  in 

THE  ClKCUt?. 

At  the  games  in  the  Circus  a  lion  of  ijiijantic  size  \oas  teen  to  fawn 
upon  one  of  the  condemned  slaves  exposed  in  the  arena. 

In  circo  maxinio  venationis  pugna  poinilo  dabatur. 
Multae  ibi  ferae,  sed  praeter  alia  omnia  leo  corpore 
vasto  terrificoqiie  fiemitu  et  sonoro  animos  oculosque 
omnium  in  sese  converterat.      Introductus  erat  inter 

5  compluris  ceteros  ad  pugnam  bestiamm  datos  servus 
viri  consularis  ;  ei  servo  Androclus  nomen  fuit.  Hunc 
ille  leo  ubi  vidit  procul,  repente  quasi  admirans  stetit 
ac  deinde  sensini  atque  placide,  tamquam  familiaris, 
ad  hominem  accedit.     Turn  caudam  more  adulantium 

10  canum  blande  movet  cruraque  et  manus  hominis, 
prope  iam  exanimati  metu,  lingua  leniter  demulcet. 
Homo  Androclus  inter  ilia  tarn  atrocis  ferae  blandi- 
menta  amissum  animum  recuperat,  paulatim  oculos  ad 
contuendum  leonem  refert.     Tum  quasi  mutua  recog- 

15  nitione  facta  laetos  et  gratulantes  videres  hominem  et 
leonem. 


STORIES  FROM  AULUS  GELLIUS.       21 


r 


XXIX.  Androclus  and  the  Lion  :- 
Slave's  Story. 


-the 


I 


When  questioned  hy  the  Emperor  the  slave  explained  that  he  had 
fled  from  his  master  into  the  African  desert,  that  he  had  hy  accident 
taken  refuge  in  this  lion's  cave,  and,  when  the  lion  had  returned  to  its 
home  lame,  he  had  extracted  a  thorn  from  its  foot. 

Haec  tarn  mira  res  maximos  populi  claniores  ex- 
citat  et  Caesar  Androcluni  vocat  quaeritque  causam, 
cur  illi  uni  atrocissimus  leo  pepercisset.  Ibi  Androclus 
rem  mirificam  atque  admirandam  narrat.  "  Cum  pro- 
vinciam  "  inquit  **  Africam  proconsulari  imperio  mens  5 
dominus  obtineret,  ego  ibi  iniquis  eius  et  cotidianis 
verbenbus  ad  fugam  sum  coactus  et,  (|Uo  niihi  a 
domino,  terrae  illius  i)raeside,  tutiores  lutebrae  forent, 
in  locos  desertos  et  remotos  concessi  ac,  si  defuisset 
cibus,  consilium  fuit  mortem  aliquo  pacto  quaerere.  10 
Tum  die  medio  sole  flagrante  specum  quemdam  nanc- 
tus  remotum  latebrosumcjue,  in  eum  me  recondo. 
Neque  multo  post  ad  eundem  specum  venit  hie  leo, 
debili  uno  et  cruento  pede,  gemitus  edens  et  mur- 
mura  ob  dolorem  cruciatumque  vulneris.  Atque  illic  15 
primo  quidem  conspectu  advcnientis  leonis  territus  et 
pavefactus  sum ;  sed  posbjuam  introgressus  leo  videt 
me  procul  delitescentem,  mitis  et  mansuetus  accessit  et 
sublatum  pedem  ostendere  mihi  et  porrigere  quasi  opis 
petendae  gratia  visus  est.  Ibi  ego  stirpem  ingentem,  20 
vestigio  pedis  eius  haerentem,  revelli  conceptamque 
saniem  volnere  intimo  expressi  et  sine  magna  iam  for- 


22        STORIES  FROM  AULUS  GELLIVS. 

midine  siccavi  penitus  atque  detcrsi  cruorem.     Ilia 
tunc  mea  opera  levatus,  pede  in  manibus  meis  posito, 
25  recubuit  et  quievit. 

XXX.    AXDROCLUS  AND  THE  LlOX  : TIIK 

Slave's  Story  {continvcd). 

For  three  years  he  and  the  lion  had  lived  together.  At  last  he  had 
fjrown  weary  of  the  savage  life,  hut  as  soon  as  he  had  returned  to  the 
haunts  of  men  he  had  been  captured,  condemned,  and  sent  to  Rome 
to  be  exposed  to  the  wild  beasts  in  the  circus.  Androclus  was  par- 
doned and  the  lion  was  given  to  him. 

"Ex  eo  die  triennium  totum  ego  et  leo  in  eodem 
specu  eodemque  et  victu  viximus.  Nam,  quas  vena- 
batur  feras,  membra  o})imiora  ad  specum  mibi  ferebat, 
quae  ego,  ignis  coi)iam  non  habens,  meridiano  sole 
5  torrens  edebam.  Sed  ubi  me  vitae  illius  ferinae  iam 
pertaesum  est,  leone  in  venatum  profecto,  reliqui 
specum  et,  viam  ferme  tridui  permensus,  a  militibus 
visus  adprehensiisque  sum  et  ad  domiuum  ex  Africa 
Romam  deductus.    Is  me  statim  rei  cajiitalis  damnan- 

10  dum  dandumquc  ad  bestias  curavit.  Intellego  autem" 
incpiit  "  hunc  quoque  leonem  me  tunc  separate 
captum,  gratiam  mihi  nunc  beneficii  et  medicinae 
referre." 

Haec  dixit  Androclus  ;  quae  cum  scripta  essent  cir- 

15  cumlataque  populo  et  declarata,  cunctis  petentibus 
dimissus  Androclus  et  poena  solutus  et  leone  suffragiis 
populi  donatus.  Postea  Androclus  et  leo,  loro  tenui 
revinctus,  urbe  tota  circum  tabernas  ibat  :    donatus 


STORIES  FROM  AFLUS  GELLIUS        23 

est  acre  Androclus,  fioribus  sparsus  est  leo,  omnesque 
ubiipie  obvii  exclamant,  "  Hie  est  leo  hospes  hominis,  20 
hie  est  homo  medicus  leonis." 

XXXI.  The  Actor  Polus. 

Polus,  having  to  art  the  part  of  Elcctra  soon  after  his  only  son  had 
died,  appeared  on  the  stage  holding  the  urn  which  contained  the  re- 
mains of  his  son,  and  over  this  he  wept  the  tears  of  real  grief. 

Histrio  in  terra  Graecia  fuit  fama  celebri,  cui  nomen 
erat  Polus.  Is  unice  amatum  filium  morte  amisit, 
sed  ubi  eum  satis  visus  est  luxisse,  rediit  ad  quaestum 
artis. 

Eo  tempore  Athenis  Electram  Sophoclis  acturus,  5 
gestare  urnam  quasi  cum  Oresti  ossibus  debebat.  Ita 
compositum  fabulae  argumentum  est  ut,  veluti  fratris 
reliquias  ferens,  Electra  comploret  interitum  eius 
existimatum.  Igitur  Polus,  lugubri  habitu  Electrae 
indutus,  ossa  atque  urnam  e  sepulcro  tulit  filii  et,  10 
quasi  Oresti  amplexus,  opplevit  omnia  non  simulacris 
sed  luctu  atque  lamentis  veris.  Itaque  cum  agi  fabula 
videretur,  dolor  actus  est. 

XXXII.  A  Greek  Orator  is  bribed,  and 

GLORIES  IN  HLS  ShaME. 
A  Greek  orator— some  say  Demosthenes,  others  Dcmades—at  first 
opposed  a  request  of  the  Milesians  for  aid,  but  took  a  bribe  to  with- 
draw his  opposition.  When  the  matter  was  again  discussed  he  an- 
nounced that  he  teas  suffering  from  an  inflamed  throat,  and  so  could 
not  speak.  He  afterwards  openly  boasted  that  he  had  been  paid  to 
hold  his  tongue. 

Legati    Mileto    auxilii    petendi     causa    venerunt 


24        STOniES  FROM  AULUS  UELLIVS. 


STORIES  FROM  AULUS  GELLIUS, 


25 


Athenas.  Turn  qui  pro  sese  verba  facerent  advoca- 
verunt  ;  hi,  uti  erat  niandatum,  verba  pro  Milesiis  ad 
populum  fecemnt,  sed  Demosthenes  Milesiorum  pos- 
5  tulatis  acriter  respondit  ;  neque  Milesios  auxih"o  dig- 
nos  necjue  ex  republica  id  esse  contendit.  Res  tandem 
in  posterum  diem  prolata  est.  Turn  logati  ad  Demo- 
sthenen  venerunt  oraveruntque,  uti  contra  ne  diceret. 
Is  pecuniam  petivit  et  qnantam   petiverat    abstulit. 

loPostridie,  cum  res  agi  denuo  coepta  esset,  Demo- 
sthenes, lana  niulta  colUim  circumvohitus,  ad  popu- 
him  prodit  et  dixit  se  synanchen  pati ;  eo  contra 
Milesios  locpii  non  quire.  Tum  e  populo  quidam  ex- 
clamavit,  non  synanclien  eum  pati  sed  argyranchen. 

15  Ipse  etiam  Demosthenes  non  id  postea  celavit,  quin 
gloriae  quoque  hoc  sibi  adsignavit.  Nam  cum  inter- 
rogasset  Aristodemum,  actorem  fa1)ularum,  quan- 
tum mercedis,  uti  age  ret,  accepisset,  et  Aristodemus 
talentum  respondisset,  "  At  ego  phis  "  inciuit  "■  accepi, 

20  ut  tacerem." 

Quod   hie   diximus   de   Demostliene,    id    nonnulli 
scriptores  in  Demaden  contulerunt. 

XXXIII.  Cicero. 

Cicero  once  horroiced  money  to  hun  a  house,  but  afterwards  denied 
that  he  had  ever  taken  the  monet/  or  had  intended  to  purchase  the  pro- 
perty. He  did  buy  the  house,  and,  when  reminded  of  what  he  had 
said,  replied  that  a  prudent  man  always  concealed  his  intended 
purchases. 

Cicero  cum  emere  vellet  in  Pahitio  domum  neque 


\ 


I) 


I 


pecuniam  in  praesens  haberet,  a  P.  Sulla,  qui  tum  reus 
erat,  mutua  sestertium  viciens  tacita  accepit.  Ea  res 
tamen,  priusquam  emeret,  prodita  est  et  in  vulgus 
exivit,  obiectumque  ei  est,  quod  pecuniam  domus  5 
emendae  causa  a  reo  accepisset.  Tum  Cicero  inopinata 
obprol)ratione  permotus  accepi  sse  se  negavit  ac  do- 
mum quoque  se  empturum  negavit.  Sed  cum  postea 
emisset  et  hoc  mendacium  in  senatu  ei  ab  amicis 
obiiceretur,  risit  satis  atque  inter  ridendum :  "aKotvo-  10 
I'orjTOi"  inquit  "  homines  estis,  cum  ignoratis  prudentis 
et  cauti  patrisfamilias  esse,  (juod  emere  velit,  emptu- 
rum sese  negare  propter  competitores  emptionis." 

XXXIV.  FiiJE:^  AT  Rome  : — a  Pemedy. 

**  Property  in  Rome,^^  said  a  friend,  "  would  be  worth  far  more  if 
the  risk  from  Jirc  were  not  so  yreat."  ^'Archelatui,^'  replied  Julianus, 
** preserved  his  defensive  outworks  from  fire  by  covcrinr/  them  with 
cdum. " 

Declamaverat  Antonius  lulianus  rhetor  quam  feli- 
cissime,  eumc^ue  nos  familiares  eius  circumfusi  undique 
prosequebamur  domum,  cum  subeuntes  montem  Cis- 
pium  conspicimus  insulam  quandam  multis,  arduisque 
tabulatis  editam,  igni  occupatam  et  propinqua  iam  5 
omnia  flagrare  vasto  incendio.  Tum  quispiam  ibi  ex 
comitibus  luliani,  '*Magni"in([uit  "reditus  urbanorum 
praediorum,  sed  pericula  sunt  longe  maxima.  Si  quid 
aut^m  posset  remedii  fore,  ut  ne  tam  adsidue  domus 
Romae  arderent,  venum  hercle  dedissem  res  rusticas  10 


26        STORIES  FROM  AULUS  GELLIUS, 

et  urbicas  emissem."  Atque  illi  luliaiius  "Si  annalem" 
inquit  "undevicensimum  Q.  Claudi  legisses,  docuisset 
te  profecto  Archelaus,  regis  Mitridati  praefectus,  quo 
remedio  ignem  defenderes.     In  eo  eiiim  libro  scriptum 

15  inveni,  cum  obpugnaret  L.  Sulla  in  terra  Attica  Pirae- 
um  et  contra  Archelaus  regis  Mitridati  praefectus  ex 
eo  oppido  propugnaret,  turrim  ligneam  defendendi 
gratia  structam,  cum  ex  omni  latere  circumplexa  igni 
foret,   ardere  non  quisse,  quod  alumine  ab  Archelao 

20  oblita  fuisset." 

XXXV.    AllTOX    AND    THE    DOLPITIN. 
1.    Til?:    IiOBBEKY. 

Arinn,  hariiuj  [laincd  much  money  in  Itahf  and  Sicift/,  took  ship  to 
return  to  Corinth,  hut  was  rolled  and  made  to  hap  overloard  ly  the 
sailors. 

Yetus  et  nobilis  cantor  Arion  fuit.  Is  oppido  Mc- 
thymnaeus,  terra  Lesbius  fuit.  Eum  Arionem  rex 
Corinthi  Periander  amicum  habuit  artis  gratia.  Is 
inde  a  rcge  proficiscitur,  ut  terras  praeclaras  Siciliam 
5  atque  Italiam  viseret.  Ubi  eo  venit  aures  omnium 
mentesque  in  utriusque  tcrrae  urbil)us  delectavit,  et 
postca  grandem  pecuniam  adeptus  Corinthum  instituit 
redire.  Navem  igitur  et  navitas,  ut  notiores  amicior- 
esque  sibi,  Corinthios  delegit.  Sed  ei  Corinthii, 
10  liomine  accepto  navique  in  altum  provecta,  praedao 
pecuniaeque  cupidi,  consilium  de  necando  Arione  ce- 
perunt.     Tum  ille  pecuniam  ceteratpie  sua  eis  dedit 


STORIES  FROM  AULUS  GELLIUS. 


27 


> 


vitam  modo  sibi  ut  parcerent  oravit.  Navitae  per  vim 
suis  manibus  eum  non  necaverunt,  sed  imperaverunt, 
ut  iam  statim  coram  desiliret  praeceps  in  mare.  Homo  15 
ibi  territus,  spe  omni  vitae  perdita,  id  unum  postea 
oravit,  ut,  priusquam  mortem  ol)i»eteret,  induere  per- 
mitterent  sua  sibi  omnia  et  fides  capere  et  canere  car- 
men. Quod  oraverat  impetrat,  atque  i])i  mox  de 
more  cinctus,  amictus,  ornatus  stansque  in  summa  20 
puppi,  carmen,  quod  **orthium"  dicitur,  voce  sublat- 
issimd  cantavit.  Ad  postrema  cantus  cum  fidibus 
ornatuque  omni,  sicut  stabat  canebatque,  iecit  sese  pro- 
cul  in  profundum. 

XXXVI.  Akiox  axd  the  Dolphin. 
2.   The  IiEscue. 

A  dolphin  carried  hi>a  mfefy  to  Taenarvm  ;  thence  he  travelled  to 
Cm'inth,  and  told  his  adventure  to  the  Kimj.  The  sailors  on  their 
arrival  were  confronted  ly  Arion  and  convicted  of  their  crime. 

Navitae,  hautcpiaquam  dubitantes,  quin  periisset, 
cursum,  quem  facere  coc])erant,  tenuerunt.  Sed 
novum  et  mirum  et  pium  facinus  contigit.  Delpliinus 
repentc  inter  undas  adnavit,  tiuitantiquc  sese  homini 
subdidit,  et  dorso  super  Huctus  edito  vectavit  inco-  5 
lumique  eum  corpore  et  ornatu  Taenarum  in  terram 
Laconicam  devexit.  Tum  Arion  prorsus  ex  eo  loco 
Corinthum  petivit  talemcpie  Periandro  regi,  qualis 
delphino  vectus  fuerat,  inopinanti  sese  optulit,  eique 
rem,  sicuti   acciderat,  narravit.      Rex  istaec  parum  10 


28        STOniES  FROM  AULUS  GELLIUS. 

credidit,  Arionem,  quasi  falleret,  custodiri  iussit, 
navitas  inquisitos,  ablegate  Arioiie,  dissimulanter 
interrogavit,  ecqiiid  audissent  in  his  locis,  iinde  venis- 
sent,  de  Arione  ?  Dixerunt  liominem,  cum  inde  irent, 

15  in  terra  Italia  fuisse  et  illic  bene  agere.  Turn  inter 
haec  eorum  verba  Arion  cum  tidibus  et  indumentis, 
cum  quibus  se  in  salum  deiecerat,  extitit,  navitaeque 
stupefacti  convictique  ire  intitias  non  quivcrunt.  Hanc 
fabulam  dicuiit  Lesbii  et  Corinthii,  atque  fabulae  argu- 

20  mentum  est  (juod  simulacra  duo  aenea  ad  Taenarum 
visuntur,  delphinus  vehens  et  liomo  insidens. 

XXXVII.  TnK  Thijacian  Husbaxdmax. 

A  Thracian  having  heard  that  trees  reqniral  cuttiioj  and  prnn- 
inri,  proceeded  to  chop  the  tops  off  his  vines  and  olives^  and  thus  in 
his  ignorance  destroyed  all  his  property. 

Homo  Thracus  ex  ultima  barbaria  ruris  colendi 
insolens,  cum  in  terras  cultiores  migrasset,  fundum 
mercatus  est  oleo  atque  vino  consitum.  Qui  nihil 
admodum  de  vite  aut  arbore  colenda  sciret,  videt  forte 

5  \  icinum  rubos  alte  atque  late  obortas  excidentem, 
fraxinos  ad  summum  prope  vcrticem  dei)utantem, 
suboles  vitium  e  radicibus  super  terram  fusas  revel- 
lentem,  stolones  in  pomis  aut  in  oleis  proceros  ampu- 
tantem  ;  acceditque  prope  et  cur  tantam  ligni  atque 

10  frondium  caedem  faceret,  percontatus  est.  Et  vicinus 
ita  respondit :  ''  Ut  ager  ^'  incjuit  "  mundus  purusque 
fiat,  eius  arbor  atque  vitis  fecundior."     Discedit  ille  a 


STOIUES  FJ:0M  AULUS  GELLJUS.        29 

vicino  gratias  agens  et  laetus,  tamquam  adeptus  rei 
rusticae  disciplinam.  Tum  falcem  ac  securim  capit ; 
atque  ibi  homo  miser  imperitus  vites  suas  sibi  omnis  15 
et  oleas  detruncat,  comasque  arborum  laetissimas 
uberrimosque  vitium  palmites  decidit,  et  virgulta 
simul  omnia,  pomis  gignendis  felicia,  cum  sentibus  et 
rubis  purgandi  agri  gratia  convellit. 


XXXYITI.  Mitridates. 

Mitridates  by  the  use  of  antidotes  made  himself  pi'oqf  against  poi- 
sons :  hence  when  he  wished  to  kill  himself  he  had  to  use  his  sivord. 
He  could  speak  perfectly  the  languages  of  the  twenty-tioo  nations  over 
which  he  ruled. 

Mitridates  illePonti  rexmedicinae  rei  et  remediorum 
soUers  erat,  cjuorum  adsiduo  usu  a  clandestinis  epul- 
arum  insidiis  cavebat ;  quin  et  ultro  ostentandi  gratia 
venenura  rapidum  et  velox  saepenumero  hausit,  atque 
id  tamen  sine  noxa  fuit.  Quamobrem  postea,  cum  5 
proelio  victus  in  ultima  regni  refugisset  et  moii  de- 
crevisset,  venona  festinandae  necis  causa  frustra 
expertus,  suo  se  ipse  gladio  transegit. 

Quintus  Ennius  tria  corda  sese  habere  dicebat,  quod 
loqui  Graece  et  Osce  et  Latine  sciret.  Mitridates  10 
autem  duarum  et  viginti  gentium,  quas  sub  dicione 
habuit,  linguas  percalluit,  earumque  omnium  gentium 
viris  haut  umquam  per  interpretem  conlocutus  est, 
sed  lingua  et  oratione  cuiusque,  non  minus  scite  quam 
si  gentis  eius  esset,  locutus  est.  I5 


30        STOniES  FKOM  AULUS  GELLIUS. 
XXXIX.  The  Philosopher  and  His  Pupil. 

Euathlus  agreed  to  pay  Protarjoras  a  certain  sum  of  money  on  the 
day  when  he  icon  his  first  case.  He  never  undertook  one,  so  at  last 
Protagoras  brought  an  action  against  him  to  recovei'  the  money. 
••  You  are  in  this  dilemma,''  said  the  philosopher :  ^^  if  you  lose  this 
action,  the  court  will  award  me  the  money  ;  if  you  win  it,  you  will 
have  won  your  first  case,  and  will  owe  me  the  fee  according  to  our 
agreement.''  ''Nay,"  replied  the  pupil.  "  if  I  win  the  action,  I  shall 
owe  you  nothing  according  to  the  sentence  of  the  court  ;  if  I  lose,  I 
shall  owe  you  nothing  according  to  our  agreement." 

Euathlus,  adulescens  dives,  eloquentiae  discendae 
causarumque  orandi  cupidus  fuit.  Is  in  disciplinam 
Protagorae  sese  dedit  daturumque  promisit  mercedem 
grandem  pecuniam,  quantam  Protagoras  petiverat, 
5  dimidiumque  eius  dedit  iam  tunc  pepigitque,  ut  re- 
liquuni  dimidium  daret,  quo  primo  die  causam  apud 
indices  orasset  et  vicisset.  Postea  cum  din  auditor 
Protagorae  fuisset,  causas  taraen  non  reciperet,  tem- 
pusque  iam  longum  transcurreret  et  facere  id  videretur, 

lo  ne  relicum  mercedis  daret,  capit  consilium  Protagoras, 
ut  turn  existimabat,  astutum  :  petere  institit  ex  pacto 
mercedem,  litem  cum  Euatblo  contestatur. 

Cum  ad  indices  venissent,  tum  Protagoras  sic  exor- 
sus  est:    *'Disce,"   inquit    **  stultissirae    adulescens, 

IS  utroque  id  modo  fore,  uti  reddas  quod  peto,  sive 
contra  te  pronuntiatum  erit  sive  pro  te.  Nam,  si 
contra  te  lis  data  erit,  merces  mihi  ex  sententia 
debebitur,  quia  ego  vicero ;  sin  vero  secundum  te 
iudicatum  erit,  merces  mihi  ex  ])acto  debebitur,  quia 

20  tu  viceris." 


I 


) 


STOniES  FROM  AULUS  GELLIUS.        31 

Ad  ea  respondit  Euathlus  :  '*  Disce  igitur  tu  quoque, 
magister  sapientissime,  utroque  modo  fore,  uti  non 
reddam  quod  petis,  sive  contra  me  pronuntiatum 
fuerit  sive  pro  me.  Nam,  si  indices  pro  causa  mea 
senserint,  nihil  tibi  ex  sententia  debebitur,  quia  ego  25 
vicero ;  sin  contra  me  pronuntiaverint,  nihil  tibi  ex 
pacto  debebo,  quia  non  vicero." 

Tum  indices  hoc  inexplicabile  esse  rati,  causam  in 
diem  longissimam  distulerunt.      Sic  ab   adulescente 
discipulo   magister   doctissimus  suo   ipse   argumento  3° 
confutatus  est. 

XL.  PiOMAN  Eespect  for  an  Oath  ;  The  Story 

OF  the  Ten  Captives. 

Hannibal  aftei'  the  battle  of  Cannae  sent  ten  captives  to  Rome  to 
propose  an  exchange  of  prison ei'S,  but  bound  the  ten  by  an  oath  to  re- 
turn, if  the  Senate  did  not  accept  his  offer.  The  Senate  rejected  it,  and 
eight  out  of  the  ten  returned,  but  two,  yielding  to  the  entreaties  of  their 
friends,  and  alleging  that  they  had  by  a  trick  freed  themselves  from 
the  obligation  of  the  oath,  remained  behind.  These  two  were  treated 
with  such  scorn  that  they  found  life  unbearable  and  committed 
suicide. 

Post  proelium  Cannense  Hannibal  ex  captivis 
nostris  electos  decem  Romam  misit,  mandavitque  eis 
pactusque  est,  ut,  si  populo  llomano  videretur,  per- 
mutatio  fieret  captivorum  et  i)ro  his,  quos  alteri 
plures  acciperent,  darent  argenti  pondo  libram  et  5 
selibram.  Hoc,  priusquam  proficiscerentur,  iusiuran- 
dum  eos  adegit,  redituros  esse  in  castra  Poenica,  si 
Komani  captivos  non  permutarent. 


1 


32       STORIES  FROM  AULUS  GELLIUS. 

Veniunt  Roinani  decern  captivi.     Mandatum  Poeni 

lo  imperatoiis  in  senatu  exponunt.  Perniutatio  senatui 
non  placet.  Parentes,  cognati  adfinesque  captivorum 
amplexi  eos  postliminio  in  patriam  redisse  dicebant, 
statumque  eorum  integrum  incolumem(pie  esse,  ac,  ne 
ad  hostes  redire  vellent,  orabant.     Tnm  octo  ex  his 

15  postliminium  iustum  non  esse  sibi  responderunt,  quo- 
niam  iure  iurando  vincti  forent,  statimque,  uti  iurati 
erant,  ad  Hannibalem  profecti  sunt.  Duo  reliqui 
Komae  manserunt  solutosc^ue  se  esse  ac  liberatos 
religione  dicebant,  quoniam,  cum  egressi  castra  hos- 

20  tium  fuissent,  commenticio  consilio,  tamquam  ob 
aliquam  fortuitam  causam,  eodem  regressi  sunt,  atque 
ita  rursum  iniurati  abisscnt.  Haec  eorum  fraudulenta 
calliditas  tam  esse  turpis  existimata  est,  ut  contempti 
vulgo  sint  censoiesque  eos  postea  omnibus  ignominiae 

25  notis  adtecerint. 

Multis  autem  in  senatu  placuit,  ut  datis  custodibus 
ad  Hannibak-m  deducerentur,  sed  ea  sententia  numero 
plurium,  quibus  id  non  videretur,  superata.  Usque 
adeo  tamen  invisi  erant,  ut  taedio   vitae  necem  sibi 

30  consci\  issent. 


I 


NOTES. 


1.  P.  Ver&ilius  Maro,  the  greatest  of  Homan  epic  poets,  was 
born  70  B.C.  near  Mantua,  in  the  N.  of  Italy,  and  died  19  B.C. 
at  Brundusium,  in  the  S.E.  of  Italy.  His  chief  works  were 
the  Bficolicd  {^ovKoXeo},  I  tend  cattle),  or  Ecl6<jae  ('  Selec- 
tions,' from  f\'-\€7a>,  I  choose  out),  a  series  of  short  poems, 
chietly  pastoral  ;  the  G^oryfcu  (7/)  ?pyov)^  a  poetical  treatise 
on  agriculture  ;  and  the  Aem'is,  or  story  of  Aeneas,  a  poem  in 
twelve  books,  relating  the  adventures  of  Aeneas  after  the  fall 
of  Troy 

2.  Be  parere  versus,  '  that  he  produced  his  verses  like  a 
bear,'  lit.  'in  a  bear-like  manner.' 

parere,  from  jjurio.  Distinguish  three  words,  {I) pdro,  -avi, 
-atum^  -art,  'I  prepare,'  {2)  pihro,  -id,  -itiun,  -tre,  'I  obey,' 
gov.  dat.  case,  (3)  purio,  plphi^  partum,  or  paritiim,  ??•(?,  '  I 
bring  forth.' 

3.  lambendo,  abl.  of  the  gerund,  *  by  licking  it '  ;  so  trac- 
tando  corrigendoque,  '  V)y  polishing  and  correcting  them. ' 

5.  partus,  nom.  pi.,  best  translated  by  the  English  sing., 
*  the  otlj^pring  of.  .  .' 

C.  reddo,  compound  of  re  and  do.  Jiecl  is  used  for  i-e  in  red' 
dmo,  7ti(ar(juo,  reddo,  redto,  red/iibro,  red'Kjo,  rtdimo,  rcdoko, 
redujulo.  In  composition  the  re  is  sliort  except  in  ...  relig^o 
(often  spelt  reUi<jio),  reliquiae  (often  spelt  reUiqiiiae),  and  the 
perfects  of  r^ipello,  r^perio,  and  rlfero,  viz, ,  repuli  (or  reppidi), 
reperl  (or  repjxri),  and  retuli  (or  rettidi).  Refert,  the  imper- 
sonal verb,    '  it  concerns,'  is  a  compound  of  rex-fert  :  r<^ferOj 

IJ  33 


34 


NOTES. 


makes  3rd  sing.  r<ifert.  Re  or  red  in  composition  has  two 
principal  meanings,  (1)  'back'  or  'backward,'  as  redeo^  'I 
go  back,'  (2)  'again,'  as  rejicio,  'I  make  again,  repair.'  It 
also  frequently  denotes  (3)  'duty'  or  'obligation,'  so  reddo 
here  means  '  1  give  as  is  due,'  '  render.' 


II. 

1.  Menander  (342-291  b.c),  an  Athenian  comic  poet,  famous 
as  the  model  of  Roman  dramatists,  especially  Terence. 

Philemon,  also  an  Athenian  comic  poet,  the  contemporary 
and  rival  of  Menander 

2.  in  certaminibus  comoediarum.  In  Athens  dramas  were 
represented  at  the  great  festivals  in  honour  of  Dionysus,  at 
which  "every  citizen  was  present,  as  a  matter  of  course,  from 
daybreak  to  sunset  "  (Donaldson).  Judges  were  appointed  by 
lot  to  decide  upon  the  merits  of  the  rival  plays.  The  success- 
ful poet  was  crowned  with  ivy,  and  his  name  was  proclaimed 
before  the  audience. 

ambitus,  'bribery,'  from  aynbio  ;  properly  a  '  going  round  ' 
to  canvass  for  votes,  etc.,  especially  by  bribery.  Ambitio, 
from  the  same  verb,  is  used  both  in  this  sense  and  also  as  '  a 
desire  for  power,'  etc.,  our  *  ambition.' 

4.  quaeso,  used  parenthetically  like  our  '  pray  !  * 

bonS.  venlA,  '  apologizing  for  the  ([uestion  ' ;  lit.  '  with  your 
good  leave  ...'  i.e.  '  pardon  me,  but  ...' 

5.  nonne  introduces  a  question  expecting  the  answer  '  Yes,' 
e.g.  nonne  erub€'<n'<,  '  do  you  not  blush? '  Num  introduces  a 
question  expecting  the  answer  '  No,'  e.g.  num  erubefscis,  '  you 
do  not  blush,  do  you  ?'  -ne  is  used  when  the  answer  is  doul>t- 
ful,  e.  g.  erubescisne,  '  do  you  blush  ?  ' 

erubesco.  The  termination  -sco  shows  that  the  verb  is  incep- 
tive or  inchoative,  i  e.  denotes  the  beginning  {ince.ptuin)  of  an 
action  or  state.  ISuch  verbs  are  always  of  the  3rd  conjugation, 
and  form  their  perfects  and  supines  (if  they  have  supines,  but 
in  most  inceptives  the  supine  is  wanting)  from  the  simple  verb 
or  stem  from  which  they  spring,  e.g.  pallesco  (from  paHeo), 
pallui,  (no  supine),  pallescere,  I  begin  to  grow  pale  ;  vWra.'<co 
(from  old  form  r?^er,  classical  vPtn>i,  -g/-/.s),  ->ar/,  no  sup., 
Vetera  aver  e^  "1  grow  old.' 


NOTES. 


III. 


35 


1.  Arlstoteles,  the  Greek  philosopher,  was  born  at  Stagira, 
in  Macedonia,  384  B.C.  He  lived  for  twenty  years  at  Athens, 
where  he  was  a  pupil  of  Plato  ;  afterwards  he  returned  to 
Macedonia,  and  became  the  tutor  of  Alexander.  When  Alex- 
ander succeeded  to  the  throne,  Aristotle  again  went  to  Athens 
and  taught  philosophy  for  13  years  in  the  Lyceum,  a  gym- 
nasium sacre<l  to  Apollo  Lyceus.  He  died  in  .322  B.C.  at 
Chalcis  in  Kuboea.  Many  of  his  writings  upon  logic,  moral 
and  political  philosophy,  natural  history,  etc.,  have  reached  us. 

Plutarchus  was  born  at  Chaeronea  in  Boeotia  about  50  A. D. 
He  came  to  Rome  at  an  early  age,  and  spent  many  years  there 
and  in  other  parts  of  Italy.  In  his  old  age  he  returned  to 
Chaeronea,  where  he  died  at  an  unknown  date.  His  works 
were  written  in  Greek  :  the  most  famous  of  them  is  the  Parallel 
Lives  of  forty-six  Greeks  and  Romans,  arranged  in  pairs,  a 
Greek  and  a  Roman  together  {e.ij.  Alexander  and  Caesar, 
Demosthenes  and  Cicero),  the  life  of  each  pair  being  followed 
by  a  short  discussion  of  their  comparative  merits. 

hercle  is  a  nominative  form  ;  the  similar  exclamations 
mehercuie>i,  nieherxnle,  inehercle,  hercuhft,  herculf,  and  htrde  are 
all  abbreviations  for  ^  me  1/ er  cults  jure  f  y  'may  Hercules 
help  me  ! '  Cf.  the  interjectional  phrase,  ^  mfdius  pdiu.%^  for 
*  me  dtus  Fidinsjnnf,  '  so  help  me  the  God  of  Faith  ! ' 

2.  Bi  super...,  the  order  is  *  si  Imponis  mafjna  pondera 
super  lifjnnm  pahnae  arboris/ 

3.  non  deorsum,  the  wood  does  not  yield  and  bend  in- 
wards beneath  the  weight,  but  rises  up  against  it  and  bends 
outwards. 

6.  urgentibus  opprimentibusque,  dat.  after  cedit,  '  it  does 
not  yield  to ....' 


1 


IV. 

1.  Socrates  was  born  at  Athens  4()9b.c. 
statuary,  and  in  early  life  Socrates  followed 
sion,  but  he  soon  abandoned  it  and  devoted 
to  philosopliy.  He  did  not  follow  the  usual 
public  lectures  or  opening  a  school,  but  went 
talking  to  men  wherever  he  met  them,  and 
awake  in  them  a  love  of  true  knowledge.    By 


His  father  was  a 
the  same  profes- 
himself  entirely 
custom  of  giving 
about  in  the  city 
endeavouring  to 
his  attacks  upon 


36 


NOTES. 


the  popular  theories  and  his  free  discussion  of  religious  ques- 
tions lie  roused  a  strong  antagonism  ;  at  last  he  was  impeached 
on  the  three  charges  of  corrupting  the  Athenian  youth,  de- 
spising the  gods  of  the  State,  and  introducing  new  deities,  and 
was  executed  by  a  draught  of  hemlock  poison  399  BC.  He 
left  no  written  works,  so  that  our  knowledge  of  him  is  derived 
from  the  writings  of  his  pupils  and  contemporaries,  chietly 
Plato  and  Xenophon. 

3  iris       scatebat,   lit.    'bubbled  over  with,'  'overflowed 
witii      .''  Cf.  Hor.  Od.  iii.  27,  26,  ^  scattntmi  beluis  pont^m 
'the  ocean  teeming  with  monsters ' ;  and  Aulus  Gellius,  JS^.A. 
1.  15,  uses  ' scatire  rerbix.' 

quam  rem  ..  demiratus,  '  havmg  expressed  his  astonish- 
ment  at  this  fact  to  her  husband  Socrates.' 

4  Alcibiades,  450-404  B.C.,  was  a  brilliant  but  unprincipled 
Athenian  statesman,  who  became  famous  during  the  Felopon- 
nesian  war.  He  enjoyed  the  friendship  of  Socrates  was  saved 
by  Socrates  at  the  battle  of  Potidaea,  432  B.C.,  and  saved  the 
life  of  Socrates  at  the  battle  of  Delium,  424  B.C. 

5  acerbum,  acer-hm  from  ucer,  as  super-buM  from  mper. 
Usually  words  retain  the  quantity  of  the  word  from  which 
thev  are  derived,  but  there  are  many  exceptions,  eghdmo 
^dhumaun.^,  nO/u.'<  and  coy-nitus,  so  rex,  gen.  ni/i-s  but  rl^go, 
dux,  gen.  dnriM,  but  dilco. 

7.  insuesco.     Cf.  note  on  end^eHCO,  ii.  5. 

exerceor,  in  a  middle  sense,  '  I  exercise  myself.'  Cf./rtc»'MW< 
idlZclme:cercentur,  athHae  (Cic.  7W.  ii.  2:^,  56),  'athletes 
do  the  same  when  they  exercise  themselves.  Many  Latin 
passives  have  thus  a  '  middle '  force  ;  cf.  rn-tor,  I  turn  my- 
self •  lavor,  I  wash  myself ;  and  the  deponents  glorior,  I 
boast  myself  ;  rrxro)-,  I  feed  myself,  etc. 

8  ut  feram,  '  so  that  I  bear  more  easily.'  Ut  used  in  a 
consecutive  sense,  i.e.  denoting  the  consequence  or  result. 

V. 

1  corporis  flnnandi  caus^,  '(undergone)  for  the  sake  of 
strengthening  his  body  '-the  gerundive  attraction.     Cf.  note 

xiii.  1.  ,  i^  •      » 

'i    ad    solem    alteram    orientem,    '  till   the  next  sunrise. 
Sol'orien.^  is  used  for  sunrise,  i.e.  the  rising  of  the  sun,  as 


NOTES. 


37 


^  svmmns  mojiJ*  *  for  'the  top  of  the  mountain,'  Caesar  mor- 
hiuA  for  '  the  death  of  Caesar,'  etc. 

5.  tanquam  ...  facto,  lit.  a  certain  withdrawal,  as  it  were, 
of  mind  and  feeling  from  the  body  having  taken  place,  i.e. 
'mind  and  feeling  having,  as  it  were,  left  his  body.'  He  stood 
in  seeming  unconsciousness.  Animn-i,  when  contrasted  with 
mniJi,  is  the  mind  as  the  seat  of  the  passions,  etc.  ;  7nens 
the  higher  reasoning  faculty,  the  intellect. 

9.  valitudine  Integra,  the  abl.  a])sohite,  'in  unimpaired 
health.' 

Ablative  Absohite,  'absolute'  {absolntutt,  fr.  ah'solro,  *I 
release  ')  here  means  '  released  '  from  government  by  any 
word  in  the  principal  sentence. 

The  construction  is  one  of  many  varieties  of  the  adverbial 
ablative  ;  e.g.  the  abl.  of  time,  the  abl.  of  place  w'here,  the 
abl.  of  manner,  etc.;  but  it  differs  from  these  ablatives — 

(1)  In  being  equivalent  to  a  complete  clause,  e.g.  Caesar 
hoc  dixit,  conroratis  militibus  is  equivalent  to  cum  milites  con- 
vocnti  i>.sHe)tt. 

(2)  Or,  to  express  the  same  fact  in  another  way,  it  consists 
of  two  words  each  in  the  ablative,  one  of  which  stands  to  the 
other  in  the  relation  of  predicate  to  subject ;  the  '  subject ' 
being  a  substantive  or  pronoun,  the  *  predicate  '  a  participle, 
adjective,  substantive,  or,  more  rarely,  a  pronoun. 

ExceptioihH  :  But  (a)  sometimes  the  subject  is  not  expressed, 
and  a  participle  is  used  impersonally  by  itself  in  the  abl. 
absol. — the  participle  here  being  equivalent  to  a  clause  con- 
taining an  impersonal  verb,  e.g.  mihi,  errato,  nulla  venia, 
'there  is  no  pardon  for  me,  if  I  blunder  '  {errato  =  si  erratum 
trit  a  me). 

{b)  Sometimes  a  whole  clause  is  substituted  for  the  abl.  of 
the  'subject' :  e.g.  ejccepto  quod  non  ximul exses,  cetera  laetus, 
'happy  in  all  respects,  except  the  fact  that  you  were  not  with 
me'  (lit.  'the  fact  that  you  were  not  with  me  being  excepted'). 

Examples:  (1)  Subst.  and  participle,  Tullio  regnante  lix- 
erunt,  'they  lived  whilst  Tullius  was  king.'  (2)  Subst.  and 
adj.,  Hanvihah  viro  Romaui  semper  Poeno.-<  timuerunt,  'the 
Romans  always  feared  the  Carthaginians  whilst  Hannibal 
lived.'  (3)  Subst.  and  subst.,  Nil  despcrundum  Teucro  duce, 
'there  is  no  cause  for  despair  whilst  Teucer  is  our  leader.' 
(4)  Subst.  and  pron.,  quid  hoc  populo  obtineri  potest,  'what 
can  be  maintained  with  such  a  people  as  this  ? '     (5)  Pron. 


/ 


38 


NOTES. 


and  participle,  efs  ocas/.  at,n  domvm  re> I icrunt     when  those 
men  had  been  slain  the  rest  returned  home.     (6)  Pron.  and 
adj.,  me  bwifo  id  ferit,  'he  did  it  contrary  to  my  wishes 
(7)    Pron.    and   subst.,   eo   rojo   tuti  eranf,    'they  were  safe 
whilst  he  was  king.' 

yofe—{\)  The  abl.  absolute  sometimes  expresses  merely 
time  {r.<i.  in>ta  arsfafe,  'at  the  beginnin*,'  of  summer  ),  but 
more  often  attendant  circumstances,  or  cause.  ,.     .,     f 

('^\  The  abl.  absol.  cannot  be  used  when  the  subject^  ot 
the^clause  is  the  same  as  the  subject  or  object  of  tlic  prmcipal 
clause.     This  rule  is  sometimes,  but  rarely,  violated.  ^ 

(3)  In  Greek  the  genitive  is  the  absolute  case:  in  most 
modern  languages  the  nom.  is  thus  used:  but  the  ace  is 
sometimes  used  absolutely  in  German,  and  in  Old  Knglish  the 
accusative  (representing  the  dative  of  Anglo-Saxon)  was  used 
absolutely.  Milton  uses  both  nom.  and  ace.  :  ct  Ls 
dispossessed,"  Par.  L.,  vii.  140;  "  I  extinct,    id.  ix.  094. 

10  pestUentia,  the  famous  plague  of  Athens,  which  raged 
during  the  second  and  third  years  of  the  Pelopoimesian  war. 
This  was  a  war  between  Athens  with  her  allies  f"^  >jparta 
with  her  allies,  which  lasted  for  28  years,  from  431  to  404  B.C. , 
and  ended  in  the  defeat  of  Athens  and  the  loss  of  her  maritime 
supremacy. 

VI. 

1.  Alexander  III.  (3r>6-323  B.C.),  surnamed  the  Great, 
ascended  the  throne  of  Macedonia  on  the  death  of  his  father 
Philip  336  D.C.  In  the  13  years  of  his  reign  he  conquered  the 
creater  part  of  Eastern  Europe  and  Asia  Minor  and  marched 
even  into  Northern  India  and  Egypt.  The  incideiit  here  men- 
tioned happened  i.i  his  Indian  campaign  In  327  he  crossed 
the  Indus,  entered  the  Punjaub,  defeated  and  captured  the 
Indian  king  Poms  in  a  great,  battle  on  the  banks  of  the 
Hydaspes,  lind  founded  there  two  towns-Bucephalon  and 
Nicaea.  He  continued  his  progress  as  far  as  the  banks  of  the 
Hyphasia,  but  here  his  wearied  troops  mutinied  and  refused 
to*  advance  any  further. 

BucepHalas  (/3oi.K-e0d\as,  povs  Ke<t>a\if}\    '  ox-head,    so  called 
from  the  breadth  of  its  forehead. 

2.  emptum,  *  Chares  has  stated  that  it  was  bought  for  13 
talents.'    tcdcntis,  abl.  of  price. 


NOTES. 


39 


Chares  was  an  officer  at  Alexander's  court,  who  wrote  a 
series  of  anecdotes  about  the  life  and  exploits  of  the  king. 

3.  hoc  autem,  the  order  is  hoc  ^st  no'^tri  aerh  summa  ire- 
ceufa  duodecim  spst>>rfia,  '  this  is  in  (lit.  of)  our  money  the  sum 
(of)  312  sestertia.'  Sestertiurc  =  1,000  sestertii,  about  £8  at 
this  time.  Therefore  312  sestertia  =  £312  x  8  =  £2,496.  For 
sestertium  of.  xxxiii.  2. 

6.  hand  unquam,  etc. ,  '  it  never  allowed  itself  to  be  mounted 
by  any  one  except  the  king.' 

8.  faceret,  subj.  after  cum. 

Cum  (  =  when),  like  other  temporal  conjunctions,  takes  as  a 
rule  the  indie,  mood  ;  but  the  subj.  is  required  when  the  time 
of  the  cum  clause  is  regarded  as  depending  on  the  time  of  the 
principal  clause.  This  is  usually  the  case  in  past  time,  hence 
the  rule  is  that  cum  in  past  time  requires  the  imperf.  or  plup. 
subj.,  unless  (1 )  it  is  used  in  a  frequentative  sense,  e.g.  'as  often 
as  '  (but  later  writers,  e.g.  Livy,  often  use  the  subj.  even  in  this 
sense),  e.g.  mm  palam  rjuff  avuH  adpalmam  convert erat,  a  nnllo 
ridthatur  (Cic.  Off.\  '  as  often  as  he  turned  the  bezel  of  that 
ring  to  his  palm,  he  was  seen  by  no  one,'  cf.  xiv.  7,  id  cum 
dixerat,  'as  often  as  he  had  said  that'  ;  (2)  it  is  simply 
equivalent  to  et  turn,  e.g.  ca>itra  ihi  posila,  cum  .whito  advcnere 
Samnitium  Jcijione.'^  (Livy),  '  the  camp  had  been  pitched  there, 
when  the  Samnite  legions  suddenly  arrived '  ;  (3)  the  two 
clauses  mark  strictly  contemporaneous  events,  ^?<7W  being  often 
added  in  the  principal  clause  to  mark  this  fact,  e.g.  vos  him 
paruisfis  cum  paruif  nemo  (Cic.  p.  Liij.  7),  'you  were  obedient 
at  a  time  when  no  one  (else)  was  obedient.' 

9.  non  satis  slbl  provldens,  '  without  sufficient  forethought.' 
Inmislt  used   absolutely,   i.e.   without  an  object;    this,  if 

expressed,  Mould  be  '  equum:  '  spurred  it  forward  against.' 

11.  morlbundus.  The  termination  hrmdu.<<,  or  cundus, 
denotes  fulness,  e.g.  vn<inhundns,  'wandering';  iraciindus, 
»  wrathful.'     Cf.  L.  Primer,  p.  58,  §  70  e. 

12.  e  mediis  hostibus,  'from  the  midst  of  the  enemy.'  In 
many  phrases  the  adj.  is  used  in  Latin  where  in  English  we 
use  a  subst.  with  another  subst.  depending  on  it,  and  vice 
versa:  e.  g.  mmmus  mon.9,  '  the  top  of  the  mountain'  ;  but 
animi  dolor,  '  mental  pain  ' ;  cf.  v.  3,  sol  orient. 

14.  domini  lajn  superstitis  securus,  '  relieved  from  anxiety 


40 


NOTES, 


NOTES. 


41 


for  its  master,  now   safe.'       For   the  genitive   domini  after 
aecurus,  cf.  sectlrdfuturi,  Ovid;  secfirus pSldgi  atque  mei,Verg. 

VII. 
1.  Alciblades.     Cf.  iv.  4.  note. 

Pericles  was  a  great  Athenian  statesman.  He  was  born 
about  490  B.C.  (the  year  of  the  battle  of  Marathon),  and 
iirst  took  part  in  public  affairs  in  40l>,  when  Athens  was  be- 
ginning to  develop  rapidly  after  tlie  Persian  wars.  From  this 
time  till  his  death  in  429  he  was  the  recognised  leader  of  the 
democratic  party.  Under  his  guidance  Athens  became  the 
most  powerful  state  and  the  most  beautiful  city  in  Greece. 

avunciilus  (deminutive  of  dvitSy  a  grandfather)  is  an  uncle 
on  the  mother's  side— a  mother's  brother  ;  pdtruus  {pfUer),  an 
uncle  on  the  father's  side— a  father's  brother. 

3.  puenim  docendum  curavlt,  ♦  had  the  Ixiy  educated.' 
This  use  of  the  gerundive  in  a  final  sense,  as  '  an  oblique  predi- 
cate '  witli  the  direct  object  of  certain  transitive  verbs, 
e.g.  euro,  do,  Mmci/>io,  etc.,  is  common  in  Latin  writers, 
especially  Caesar.  Cf.  ponftm  facieudum  niratnt,  'he  had  a 
bridge  made  '  ;  agros  eis  habitandof<  dedit,  *  he  gave  them  lands 
to  dwell  in  '  ;  me  davdum  ad  heMias  cnravit  (xxx.),  '  he  had 
me  given  to  the  wild  beasts.'  Cf.  Note  xiii.  1.  iv.,  on  the 
Gerundive. 

4.  canere  tibiis,  'to  play  on  the  pipes.'  Both  Greeks  and 
Romans  usually  played  on  a  double  pipe,  composed  of  two 
instruments  not  unlike  Hngeolets,  joined  at  the  mouth-piece, 
and  spreading  out  in  the  form  of  a  V;  hence  the  plural  U'hiae'. 
Tibia  means  originally  the  ahin  bone,  and  then  a  musical 
instrument,  pipes  or  flutes  being  at  first  made  of  bone. 

VIII. 

1.  C.  Fabricius  Lusclnus  was  one  of  the  most  popular 
heroes  in  Roman  history.  He  was  regarded  as  tiie  type  of 
the  old-fashioned  honest  warrior,  M-ho  was  proof  against  the 
luxury  and  corruption  of  the  rising  generation.  In  his  first 
consulship,  282  b.c,  he  defeated  the  Lucanians,  Bruttians, 
and  Samnites  ;  in  280-278  B.C.  he  served  with  distinction 
against  Pyrrus  (cf.  xxvii.). 

The  Samnites  were  a  powerful  people  living  to  the  east  of 


f' 


Rome.  The  Romans  first  came  into  contact  with  them  in 
343  B.C.  ;  for  50  years  there  was  war  between  the  two 
nations  ;  at  last  the  Samnites  were  conquered,  but  they  still 
maintained  their  love  of  freedom,  and  once  more  proved 
formidable  opponents  to  Rome  in  the  Social  War,  90  B.C. 

2.  memoratis  ..  rebus,  abl.  absolute,  '  after  mentioning  the 
many  great  services  which  he  had  rendered  {7'<bns  qiuie  bene 
/cci<.st()  to  the  Samnites  after  the  restoration  of  peace  ....' 

3.  post  redditam  pacem.  Pax  reddita,  *  the  restoration  of 
peace.'     Cf.  xol  oj'iciis,  *  the  rising  of  the  sun,'  v.  3.  note. 

4.  dono,  as  a  gift,  the  predicative  dative,  or  dative  of  pur- 
pose used  as  a  complement.  Cf.  Hor.  exit'io  e.st  avidmn  mare 
hautin,  *  the  greedy  sea  is  [as]  a  destruction  to  sailors.' 

11.   quft,,  abl.  after  usus,  '  for  which  I  have  no  use.' 

IX. 

1.  Hannibal,  the  famous  general  of  the  Carthaginians  in 
the  second  Punic  war,  was  born  in  247  B.C.  In  218  he  began 
his  march  from  Spain  into  Italy,  crossed  the  Alps,  and 
defeated  the  Romans  in  N.  Italy  on  the  Ticinus  and  the 
Trebia ;  then  followed  the  great  victories  at  Lake  Trasimenus, 
217,  and  Cannae,  216.  In  203  Hannil>al  was  compelled  to 
return  to  Africa  to  oppose  Scipio,  who  had  defeated  the 
Carthaginian  troops  and  their  ally  Syphax.  A  decisive  battle 
was  fought  at  Zama,  October  19tli,  202,  in  which  Scipio 
gained  a  great  victory  over  Hannibal.  In  the  following  year 
peace  was  made.  Hannibal  now  set  to  work  to  prepare 
Carthage  for  a  fresh  struggle,  but  his  political  enemies  de- 
nounced his  designs  to  the  Romans,  and  he  was  compelled  in 
193  B.C.  to  take  refuge  at  the  court  of  Antiochus  the  Great, 
King  of  Syria,  who  was  on  the  eve  of  war  with  Rome. 
On  the  defeat  of  Antiochus  the  surrender  of  Hannibal 
was  made  one  of  the  conditions  of  peace  ;  but  he  fled  to 
Prusias,  King  of  Bithynia,  188  B.C.  The  Romans  still  pur- 
sued him.  and  sent  messengers  to  Prusias  demanding  his  sur- 
render.  Fearing  that  Prusias  would  be  unable  to  resist  this 
demand,  and  not  knowing  whither  to  flee  to  escape  the  ven- 
geance of  his  enemies,  he  took  poison,  183  B.C. 

2.  ingentls.  The  ace.  pi.  of  -i  nouns  of  the  3rd  decl.  varies 
in  the  mss.  between  -m,  -e//»,  and  e^*.  All  three  forms  seem  to 
have  been  used  till  the  Augustan  age,  after  which  period  the 


42 


NOTES. 


form  in  -es  prevailed.  A  nom.  pi.  also  in  -is  and  -eis  is  found 
sometimes  in  the  mss.  of  Plaiitiis  and  Lucretius  and  in  old 
inscriptions. 

populo  Romano,  dat.  of  the  •  Eemoter  Object*  after 
factum.'^,  the  '  nearer  oljject '  being  htUum. 

4.  currus  cum  falcibus.  The  wheels  of  these  chariots  were 
armed  with  projecting  scythes  or  hooks,  which  kept  the 
enemy  at  a  distance,  or  cut  them  down,  as  the  charioteers 
drove  at  full  speed  through  their  ranks.  These  war  chariots 
were  in  use  among  the  Assyrians,  Persians,  Medes,  and 
Syrians  in  Asia,  and  in  ?]urope  among  the  Gauls  and  Britons. 
Some  have  supposed  that  these  are  the  '  chariots  of  iron  ' 
referred  to  in  the  books  of  Joshua  and  Judges  ;  but  Xenophon 
{Cyrop.,  vi.  i.  30)  says  that  'scythe  chariots  '  were  not  intro- 
duced into  Asia  Minor  till  the  time  of  Cyrus. 

5.  elephantos  cum  turribus,  small  turrets  placed  on  the 
backs  of  the  elephants,  and  carrying  a  few  soldiers. 

6.  frenis.  The  bits  were  sometimes  made  of  silver  and  gold, 
and  the  bridles  decorated  with  jewels,  etc. 

ephlppils.  The  saddles  in  use  among  Eastern  nations,  the 
Greeks  and  the  Romans,  consisted  sometimes  of  a  mere  skin  or 
cloth,  .sometimes  of  a  wooden  frame,  upon  which  padded  cloth, 
etc.,  was  stretched  ;  from  either  side  cloths  hung  down,  often 
dyed  with  bright  colours,  and  decorated  with  fringes,  etc. 

monilibus,  necklets  used  as  ornaments  for  horses,  as  well  as 
for  men  and  women. 

phaleris,  liosses  of  metal  attached  as  ornaments  to  the  har- 
ness of  horses  and  the  armour  of  men.  They  were  sometimes 
hung  as  pendants  to  the  horse's  .saddle,  and  jangled  loudly 
as  it  charged  forward  against  the  enemy.  For  these  military 
ornaments  cf.  the  well-known  passage  in  Verg.,  Aen.  vii.  276 — 

Omnibus  extemplo  Teucy-is  jubef  online  duci 
Jnstratos  osfro  alipeden  pictisqne  tapetix  ; 
Anrea  pectorihns  demi'isa  moiiilia  peiident  ; 
Ttcti  auro,  j'ulvum  mandunt  sub  dentibus  aurnm. 

7.  putasne.     Cf.  ii.  5.  note. 

8.  Poenus  {Poevkvs  or  Pdn/cvs),  properly  Phoenician,  but 
applied  by  Roman  writers  especially  to  the  inhabitants  of 
Carthage,  which  was  founded  about  850  B.C.  by  Phoenician 
colonists,  who  came  probably  from  Tyre. 


NOTES, 


X. 


43 


I.  Mile  was  the  most  famous  wrestler  in  Greece;  he  was 
six  times  victor  in  wrestling  at  the  Olympic  games  and  seven 
times  at  the  Pythian  games.  Many  stories  are  told  about  his 
great  strength  :  he  is  said  to  have  carried  a  heifer  four  years 
old  on  his  shoulders  through  the  stadium  (or  race  course,  a  dis- 
tance of  about  40  yards),  to  have  then  killed  it  with  a  blow  of 
his  fist,  and  eaten  the  whole  of  it  the  same  day.  He  was  a 
pupil  of  the  great  philosopher  Pythagoras,  at  Crotona.  One 
day  the  pillar  on  which  the  roof  of  the  school  rested  suddenly 
cave  way,  but  Milo  supported  the  whole  weight  of  the  build- 
ing, and  gave  the  philosopher  and  his  disciples  time  to 
escape. 

Crotona  was  a  Greek  city  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Ital}', 
founded  740  B.C.  by  the  Achaeans.  It  became  the  most 
important  city  in  S.  Italy,  owing  to  its  trade  with  the  E. 
Mediterranean.  It  attained  its  greatest  power  in  510  by  the 
defeat  of  its  neighbour  and  rival  Sybaris  :  on  this  occasion 
Milo  commanded  the  army  of  Crotona. 

Crotoniensia.  Note  the  use  of  the  adj.  where  we  emj)loy 
a  subst.  and  prep.,  'Milo  of  Crotona'  ;  so  p\i<jna  Cannensis 
(xl.  ].),  '  the  battle  of  Cannae,'  etc. 

3.  artem  athletlcam  desisset.  *  had  given  up  athletics.' 
The  ace.  after  deMuo  is  rare,  and  chiefly  poetical  ;  but  Cicero 
{Fam.  vii.  1.  4)  uses  arti  m  desif/cre. 

5.  rlmls  In  parte  media  hiantem,  lit.  *  gaping  open  with 
cracks  in  the  middle.' 

6.  an  uUae  . . .  adessent.  Adessent  is  the  subj.  after  the 
dependent  interrogative  word  an  ;  the  construction  is  called 
the  Indirect  or  r)ei)endent  Question,  Interroqatio  Obliqua. 
Thus  '  who  are  you  ? '  is  *  quis  ea  ^  '  but  '  I  ask  you  who  you 
are  '  is  '  inter ro<jo  quis  si.s.^ 

ullae.  Qui'<quain  (pronoun)  and  vllvs  (adjective)  are  used 
for  '  any'  in  comparative  and  negative  sentences,  in  questions 
expecting  the  answer  No,  and  in  hypothetical  sentences. 

II.  rediit  in  naturam,  *  returned  to  its  natural  {i.e.  former) 
position.' 

12.  ferls,  dat.  &{tcr  ])raebv it,  'gave  the  man  to  the  beasts 
to  tear  to  pieces.'  For  this  use  of  the  gerundive  cf.  xiii.  1. 
note. 


u 


NOTES. 


XI. 


NOTES. 


45 


1.  Romae,  'at  Rome,'  the  locative  case.  This  case,  which 
had  ahnost  died  out  in  classical  Latin,  originally  ended  in  -» 
for  the  singular  and  -y  for  the  plural.  In  some  forms  it  still 
survived,  viz.,  (1)  in  such  words  as  militine  (earlier  mih'fiai), 
helU,  •  in  the  field,'  '  at  the  war  ' ;  domi,  at  home  ;  hnmi,  *  on 
the  ground  ' ;  re.s/>en  (or  -e),  •  in  the  evening  ' ;  rmi,  '  in  the 
country';  htci,  'in  the  light';  and  the  adverbs  uhi,  'in  which 
place';  ihi,  'in  that  place,'  etc.  ;  (2)  in  the  names  of  towns— 
Romae  (earlier  Romni),  '  at  Rome  ' ;  Tnrenli,  '  at  Tarentum  ' ; 
Carlharjini  (or  Carfhagine),  'at  Carthage,'  etc.  ;  (3)  in  such 
phrases  as  animi  aivjor,  *  I  am  vexed  in  mind  ' ;  maturus  acvi^ 
'advanced  in  age,'  etc. 

Curiam.  The  word  Curia  is  connected  with  Cflres,  the 
chief  town  of  the  Sabines,  and  Quirites  (or  Cantes),  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Cures.  It  originally  denoted  one  of  the  30  divisions 
into  which  the  Romans  and  Sabines  were  divided  when  they 
united  in  one  community.  The  word  was  then  applied  to  the 
building  used  for  the  religious  service  of  a  Curia,  and  after- 
wards especially  to  the  building  in  which  the  Senate  met. 

2.  praetextatls,  i.r.  wearing  the  tofia  prneffxfn,  a  white 
toga  with  a  broad  purple  border,  worn  under  the  Republic  by 
the  higher  magistrates, by  persons  engaged  in  paying  vows, and 
by  free-born  children.  It  is  said  to  have  been  adopted  from 
the  Etruscans,  and  made  the  royal  robe  by  Tullus  Hoatilius  ; 
and  to  have  been  worn  with  the  fudla  by  boys  after  the 
reign  of  Tarquinius  Priscus,  whose  son  at  the  age  of  fourteen 
slew  an  enemy  with  his  own  hand  in  the  Sabine  war,  and 
was  allowed  as  a  reward  to  wear  the  royal  robe. 

maior,  more  important  than  usual. 

4.  placuitque  ut  eam  rem  ne  quis  ....  'It  was  resolved  that 
no  one  should  mention  the  matter  until  a  decision  had  been 
arrived  at '  (lit.  until  it  had  been  decreed). 

ut  ...  ne  quls,  or  )tp  qvi-f,  '  that  no  one,'  is  always  used  in  a 
final  sentence  instead  of  *//  mwo  ;  so  in'  ifviil,  iir  ii//uH,  and  ue 
unqtmm,  instead  of  vt  nihil,  vt  nvlhi!*,  ut  inwquam.  The 
indefinite  pronoun  quis  is,  as  a  rule,  U8?d  for  '  any '  or  *  some  * 
in  relative  sentences,  and  after  t^i,  uis}^  uum,  ne^  and  cum;  but 
aliquis  is  sometimes  found  after  «»,  more  rarely  after  ne. 

5.  decreta  esset.     The  subj.  is  required,  because  this  is  a 


'^ 
i 


dependent    sentence    forming  part    of    the    Oratio    Ohliqua 
after  p/acuit. 

7.  eglssent,  subj.  after  the  dependent  interrogative  quidnam. 
Cf.  X.  6.  note.  For  the  same  reason  videretur,  line  1 1,  is  in  subj. 

9.  lepidl  mendacii  conBlUum  capit,  *  bethought  himself  of 
an  amusing  falsehood.' 

10.  utrum  ...  unusne  ...  an  ....  The  -ne  is  *  pleonastic,'  i.e. 
more  than  is  recjuired,  for  the  sentence  would  be  complete 
without  it -utru)n  videretur  nfi/in.^  ut  umL>i...an  {videretur 
vhlius)  ut  una  ....  This  idiom  is  chiefly  ante-classical  (found 
often  in  Plautus),  but  Cicero  uses  it,  '  e.st  ttiam  ilia  distinctio, 
utrum  illudne  non  vuhatur  aeffrefcendum  ...  an  ...'  (Cic.  Tusc. 
iv.  27,  59).  Translate  'He' said  the  Senate  had  discussed 
whether  it  seemed  more  useful  and  advantageous  to  the 
State  that  one  man  should  have  two  wives,  or  that  one 
woman  should  be  married  to  two  men. ' 

XII. 

3.  matrum  familias,  gen.  plur.  of  mater  familias  When 
familia  is  compounded  with  iKiter,  mater,  filius,  and  fifia,  the 
old  gen.  sing. /awiVms  is  usually  found,  hut  fami/ide  also  is 
frequently  used  by  Cicero  and  other  writers,  by  Livy  always. 
In  Sallust  and  later  writers  even  jxitresfamiliarum  is  found. 

4.  unapoUus...  duae.  The  order  is  ut  una  {uxor)  nupta 
feret  duohus  viris  jH)titis  quam  vt  duae  {^ixore.s  nuntae  fierent) 
um  {viro). 

6.  esset,  vellet,  subj.  after  the  dept.  interrogatives  quae 
and  quid  ;  so  Institisset  and  dixisset.     Cf.  x.  6.  note. 

quid  slbl  postulatio  istaec  vellet,  '  what  that  demand  of 
theirs  meant.'  Quid  sibi  res  ru/f,  'what  does  the  thiim 
mean  ?  lit.  '  what  does  it  wish  for  itself  ?'  -what  is  its  object 
or  drift?  so  quid  tihi  vis,  'what  do  you  mean,  or  want'' 
and,  more  rarely,  quid  mihi  rolo,  '  what  do  I  mean,  or  want?' 

xiir. 

1.  Sertorlus  was  a  Roman  general,  who  first  distinguished 
himself  m  Gaul.  On  the  outbreak  of  civil  war  in  88  b.  c.  between 
Marius  and  Sulla  he  joined  the  former.  At  first  the  Sullan 
party  were  victorious,  but  when  their  leader  went  to  the  East 


46 


notes: 


to  fight  against  Mitridates  they  were  defeated,  and  from  87-82 
the  Marian  party  were  supreme.  In  83  (or,  according  to  an- 
other writer,  82)  Sertorins  was  sent  to  Spain  as  governor  in 
the  Marian  interest.  Finding  himself  unable  to  hold  his 
ground  against  the  Sullan  generals,  he  crossed  to  Africa,  and 
gained  various  successes  there.  The  Lusitani,  who  inhabited 
the  western  part  of  the  Spanish  peninsula,  tlicn  invited  him 
to  become  their  leader  against  the  Romans.  He  returned 
with  a  small  force  of  2,G00  men,  one  third  of  whom  were 
Libyans,  and  then  by  his  extraordinary  influence  over  the 
natives,  and  his  great  powers  of  organisation,  succeeded  in 
forming  an  army  wiiich  for  years  set  at  detiance  every  effort 
made  by  the  generals  of  the  Sullan  party,  which  was  now  in 
the  ascendant.  In  70  Pompeius  was  sent  to  Spain  with  a 
large  army  to  reinforce  the  Sullan  generals,  but  for  five  years 
more  Sertorins  held  his  ground.  At  last,  in  72  B.C.,  he  was 
assassinated  by  Perperna  and  other  of  his  own  Roman  officers, 
who  were  jealous  of  his  power. 

et  utendi  et  regendi  exercitus,  the  gerundial  attractioiu 
When  an  object  is  e.xpressed  after  a  gerund,  the  construction 
called  the  gerundial,  or  gerundival  attraction  is  i)referred. 
In  this  construction  the  object  is  attracted  (if  it  differs)  into 
the  case  of  the  gerund,  and  the  gerund,  taking  adjectival  in- 
flections (and  then  called  the  gerundive),  is  made  to  agree 
adjectivally  with  the  object  in  number  and  gender. 

Examples  :  — 

a.  The  Ace,  pratmlsit  rnilites  ad  Gallos  insetjnendos,  *  he 

sent  the  soldiers  forward  to  pursue  the  (Jauls. ' 

b.  The  Gen.,  cauHci  urbis  i/t/tmlae,  'for  the  sake  of  destroy- 

ing the  city.' 

c.  The  Dat.,  bello  tjereudo  me  praeftrUtiH^  *you  placed  me 

in  command  of  the  management  of  the  war.' 

d.  The  Abl.,  nt   rt^stii/iis  pers((jn<iidis  opt^-^ata  consumpsi^ 

'  I  spent  labour  in  following  their  tracks.' 
Tbe  Gerundival  Atti action  is  of  course  only  used  with 
transitive  verbs  which  govern  a  direct  object  in  the  ace.  case. 
The  words  /uiKjor,  fntor,  ufor,  ve.^ror,  pofior  are  exceptions  ; 
they  are  used  both  in  this  construction  and  in  the  construc- 
tions explained  in  ii.  and  iii.  below,  because  they  were  origin- 
ally transitive,  and  governed  an  ace. 

The  gerunds  and  gerundives  are  the  substantival  and  adjec- 
tival  forms  respectively  of  a  participle  in  -vdus.     Under  the 


1 


} 


NOTES, 


47 


gerund  are  included  the  substantival  forms  in  -ndum,  -ndi, 
^ndo;  under  the  gerundive  the  full  adjectival  declension  in 
•ndus,  a,  wm,  etc. 

The  uses  of  the  gerund  and  gerundive  may  be  divided 
under  four  headings. 

i.  By  its  o])lique  cases  the  gerund  (and  the  gerundive  in  the 
construction  mentioned  above— the  '  gerundival  attraction  ) 
completes  the  active  intinite  verb-noun,  which  is  only  used  in 
the  nom.  and  ace,  e.g.  haec  ad  iudkandum  sunt  Janltima, 

♦  these  matters  are  very  easy  to  decide '  ;  amor  a(jendi,  can- 
eiidi,  etc.,  *  love  of  acting,  singing,'  etc.  ;  causa  atjtndi,  'for 
the  sake  of  acting  '  ;  a^ywa  ufdis  bihtiido,  '  water  useful  for 
drinking '  ;  meus  alitur  disctndo,  *  the  mind  is  nourished  by 

learning.'  , 

ii.  The  nom.  (and  in  oratio  ohliqua  the  ace.)  of  the  gerund 
is  used  intransitively  with  parts  of  the  verb  sum  {est,  erat,fuit, 
esse,  etc  ),  as  an  impersonal  verb  to  denote  necessity,  duty,  or 
suitability,  e.g.  ininc  est  bibtndum,  '  now  it  is  right  to  drink'; 
eimduin  est,  '  there  is  a  necessity  to  go'  ;  parendum  est  leijlbus, 

•  it  is  necessary  to  be  obedient  to  the  laws.'  The  person  on 
whom  the  duty  falls  is  expressed  by  the  dat.  case,  the  'Dative 
of  the  Agent,'  except  after  verbs  winch  govern  a  dative ;  after 
these,  to  avoid  ambiguity,  the  agent  is  expressed  by  a  or  ab 
with  the  abl.,  e.g.  eundum  est  mihi,  '  1  must  go,' but  parY7i- 
du7n  est  ei  a  te,  '  you  must  obey  him.' 

iii.  The  gerundive  is  used  (1)  personally  as  a  verb,  usually 
M-ith  a  passive  signification,  e.g.  ofjua  hlbinda  est,  *  water 
ought  to  be  drunk  ' ;  (2)  as  a  mere  epithet,  e.g.  ridenda  p>oe- 
o/iata,  '  poems  to  be  laughed  at.' 

iv.  The  ace.  of  the  gerundive  is  used  in  a  final  sense  as  an 
obli(iue  predicate,  or  complement,  agreeing  with  the  direct 
object  of  certain  transitive  verbs— r?/)o,  do,  suscipio,  habeo, 
etc.,  e.g.  Caesar  pontem  faciendum  curavlt,  'Caesar  had  a 
bridge  made  '  ;  auras  eis  habitandos  dedit,  '  he  gave  them  the 
lauds  to  dwell  in.'    Cf.  vii.  3.  note. 

8.  Usui,  predicative  dative  or  dat.  of  purpose.  Cf.  dono, 
viii.  4.  note. 

memoria,  etc.  The  order  is  memoria  prodifa  est  neminem 
ex  his  nationibns,  tpiae  cum  S.  faciebant  ('  who  served  with 
Sertorins'),  cum  mv/fis  proeliis  superatus  esset  ('although  he 
ha-l  b....Ti  (bf(>,it(«d  in  many  battles'),  unquam  ab  eo  descivisse. 


48 


NOTES. 


9.  neminem.  The  gen.  of  this  word,  nerninia,  is  ouly  found  in 
writers  before  Cicero,  the  abl.  nemiue  in  late  writers  {e.g. 
Tacitus  and  Suetonius),  and  once  in  Piautus  ;  the  plural  is 
not  used.     Hence  we  have 

Norn.,     nemOy  nuUi,  etc. 

Ace,       neminem,  nuilon,  etc. 

Gen.,      niilfiti-i,  iiullorum,  etc. 

Dat.,       ncmini,  null  is. 

Abl.,       ntdlo  or  mdld,    nuUis. 

XIV. 

1.  alba.  Albua  is  a  dull  white  as  opposed  to  ater,  dull 
black  ;  candidna,  shining  white,  opposed  to  nitjeVy  shining 
black. 

exlmiae  pulchrltudlnls  et  celerltatis,  genitives  of  quality. 

2.  done,  predicative  dat.,  or  dat.  of  purpose.  Cf.  dono, 
viii.  4.  note. 

5.  factu,  the  supine  in  -u,  used  as  an  abl.  of  respect.  Cf. 
foediun  dicta  est,  *  it  is  horrible  to  state  '  (lit.  *in  the  saying'), 
and  xxiv.  2,  utilia  monitu  snasuqne. 

quid,  the  indef.  pron. ;  so  cui,  line  13.  For  its  use  after 
fti  cf.  xi.  4.  note. 

7.  dixerat,  indie,  after  cum  in  a  frequentative  sense,  *  when- 
ever he  luul  said  that.'     Cf.  vi.  8.  note. 

10.  in  fugam  se  proripuit,  *  took  to  hasty  flight.' 

18.  consuerat,  indie,  because  it  is  not  part  of  what  Ser- 
torius  said,  hut  a  statement  made  by  the  author. 

quod  opus  esset  facto,  'what  had  to  be  done.'  Facto  is 
the  abl.  of  the  perf.  part.  pass.  ;  for  this  use  cf.  maturcUo, 
properato  opus  est,  '  there  is  need  of  haste  '  ;  and  the  similar 
construction  with  the  abl.  of  the  supine,  dicta  opu^  est 
(Terence),  *  it  is  necessary  to  speak  '  ;  quud  scitu  opas  est 
(Cicero),  'what  has  to  be  known.' 


XV. 


Tarqulnius  Superbus,  according  to  tradition,  was  the  seventh 
and  last  of  the  Roman  kings  (535-510  B.C.),  the  others  being 


NOTES. 


49 


Romulus,  Numa  Pompilius,  Tullus  Hostilius,  Ancus  Martius, 
Tarquinius  Priscus,  Servius  Tullius. 

1.  Llbris  Sibylimis.  Little  is  known  about  the  famous 
Sibylline  books.  They  were  probably  derived  from  Cumae  m 
Campania,  the  seat  of  a  celebrated  oracle.  At  Rome  they 
were  kept  in  a  stone  chest  {sacrarium)  beneath  the  temple 
of  Jupiter  Capitolinus,  under  the  charge  of  certain  officers 
iquindtcimviri),  and  consulted  only  by  the  special  command 
of  the  Senate.  In  82  B.C.  this  temple  was  burnt  and  the 
books  destroyed.  A  fresh  collection  of  oracles  was  made  by 
ambassadors  sent  to  the  chief  cities  of  Italy,  Greece,  and  Asia 
I^linor.  When  the  temple  was  rebuilt  these  were  deposited 
in  the  same  place,  but  many  spurious  prophetic  books,  pur- 
porting to  be  Sibylline  oracles,  seem  to  have  got  into  circula- 
tion at  Rome,  and  several  revisions  of  the  books  were  ordered 
from  time  to  time.  Christian  writers  frequently  appeal  to  the 
Sibylline  oracles  as  containing  prophecies  of  the  Messiah. 

2.  hospita,  feminine  form  of  hospes.  Cf.  antistts  and  mcer- 
doH,  priest,  autistifa  and  sacerdota  (in  inscriptions),  priestess, 
sospes  and  sospita,  saviour,  etc. 

4.  eoB  velle  vendere,  '(she  said)  that  she  wished  to  sell  them.' 
6.  nimlum  atque  inmensum,  300  pieces  of  gold,  according 
to  one  form  of  the  legend. 

quasi...  desiperet.  Quasi,  *  as  if,'  introducing  a  state- 
ment which  is  not  a  fact,  naturally  governs  the  subj.,  '  as  if 
she  were  mad  '  (but  she  was  not).  In  sentences  of  compari- 
son introduced  by  such  conjunctions  as  tanquam,  ceu,  quasi, 
velut  etc.,  the  subj.  is  usually  found,  because  the  state- 
ment is  usually  not  true  ;  but  when  the  statement  is  a 
fact  the  indie,  is  employed,  e.g.  Fuit  olim,  qua,^i  mnu: 
eqo  sum,  scmx  (Piautus).  Freciuently  quasi,  etc. ,  are  used, 
not  as  conjunctions  introducing  the  sentence,  but  adverbi- 
ally  with  a  single  word  ;  in  such  cases  they  do  not  atlect 
the  mood,  e.g.  serris  respnhlica  H  quasi  cirifas  domus  est 
{PL  Ep.  viii.  16),  *  to  slaves  their  home  is  a  state,  and,  as  it 
were,  a  city.*     Cf.  xviii.  5,  quasi  ronsidtans  cum  Jove. 

7.  foculum.     Foctdus,  deminutive  of  /t/c?/w  (a  hearth).     Cf. 
ririilus,  a  rivulet,  and  rirus,  a  river. 

{).  vellet,   subj.   after  the  dependent  interrogative  ecqaid. 
Cf.  X.  6.  note. 

D 


50 


NOTES. 


10.  Bed  enim,  'but  indeed.'  Cf.  the  use  of  dXXA  yhp  in 
Greek. 

14.  ore  ..  fit,  'now  becomes  serious  and  more  attentive* 
(lit.  *  of  a  serious  countenance  and  more  attentive  mind  '). 
Ore  and  animo  are  ablatives  of  quality. 

19.  nusquam  loci,  'nowhere  in  the  world.'  The  genitives 
locij  locorum,  (jentium,  and  terrarum  are  frequently  used  with 
adverbs  of  place — uhi^  quo,  wide,  us<iuam,  nuxiiuam,  etc.,  e.g. 
ubi  terrarum  suinim  (Cic),  '  where  on  earth  are  we  ?' 


XVI. 

1.  Publius  Cornelius  Scipio  Africanus  Maior  was  born  in 
234  B.C.  He  is  Hrst  mentioned  in  218  B.C.  at  the  battle 
of  the  Ticinus  (cf.  ix.  1.  note),  in  which  he  is  said  to 
have  saved  the  life  of  his  father  P  Scipio.  He  fought  at 
Cannae,  216,  and  was  chosen  with  App.  Claudius  to  com- 
mand the  remains  of  the  Koman  army  after  that  great 
disaster.  In  212  he  was  unanimously  elected  aedile.  When 
the  tribunes  objected  to  the  election,  because  he  was  under 
the  legal  age,  he  replied,  *  If  all  the  Quirites  wish  to  make 
me  aedile,  I  am  old  enough."  In  210,  at  the  age  of  twenty - 
four,  he  was  appointed  to  command  the  army  in  Spain,  hav- 
ing come  forward  as  a  candidate  for  the  post  which  all  the 
old  generals  feared  to  accept.  By  207  he  had  conquered  al- 
most the  whole  of  that  country  from  the  Carthaginians.  In 
205  he  was  elected  consul.  He  was  anxious  to  cross  over  to 
Africa  and  end  the  war  by  a  blow  at  Carthage  itself,  but  the 
Senate,  partly  from  jealousy,  partly  from  timidity,  opposed 
his  plans  and  would  only  grant  him  the  province  of  Sicily, 
with  power  to  cross  over  to  Africa  if  he  thought  it  in  the 
interests  of  the  State  ;  but  this  permission  they  endeavoured 
to  render  useless  by  refusing  him  an  army.  Volunteers  how- 
ever flocked  from  every  part  of  Italy  to  his  standard,  and  in 
204  he  was  able  to  land  in  Africa  with  a  large  force.  In  203 
he  defeated  Hasdrul)al  and  his  ally  Syphax,  and  in  202 
brought  the  second  Punic  war  to  an  end  by  a  great  victory  at 
Zama  over  Hannibal,  who  had  been  recalled  from  Italy.  In 
201  peace  was  made,  and  Scipio,  returning  to  Rome,  received 
the  agnomen  Africanus,  and  was  overwhelmed  with  every 
mark  of  honour.     In  100  he  served  as  legate  under  his  brother, 


NOTES, 


61 


Lucius  Scipio  Asiaticus,  in  the  war  against  Antiochus  (cf.  ix. 
and  xvii.)  On  their  return  the  accusations  mentioned  in  xvi. 
and  xvii.  were  made  against  the  brothers.  In  185  Scipio  re- 
tired into  private  life,  and  died  soon  afterwards,  probably  in 
183. 

I.  trihunus  pletois.  The  tribuni  plebis  were  appointed  in 
494,  after  the  secession  to  Mons  Sacer,  to  protect  the  plebei- 
ans against  the  patrician  magistrates.  At  first  they  were  two 
in  number,  afterwards  they  were  increased  to  ten. 

3.  ut condlcionibus,  etc.,  'that  peace  might  be  made  with 
him  (i.e.  Antiochus)  on  favourable  conditions  in  the  name  of 
the  Roman  people.' 

7.  diem  esse  hodiernum,  '  that  this  is  the  day  on  which  ...' 
(lit.  '  that  it  is  to-day  on  which  ...'). 

9.  proelio.     The  battle  of  Zama,  Oct.  19th,  202  B.C. 

II.  simuB,  'let  us  not  be  ungrateful  therefore  to  the 
gods  ....' 

12.  censeo,  used  parenthetically,  'I  propose.'  Cf.  quaesOf 
ii.  4. 

13.  gratulatum,  the  supine  in  -um,  used  to  express  purpose 
after  the  verb  of  notion,  eamun. 

17.  aedes,  in  sing.,  a  '  temple  '  (a  single  room),  in  the  plur., 
a  '  house '  (a  collection  of  rooms).  As  distinguished  from 
templum,  aedes  is  a  simple  building  without  division  into 
rooms  ;  templum  is  a  large  edifice  consisting  of  many  rooms, 
consecrated  by  the  augurs,  and  belonging  often  to  several 
deities. 

18.  BOllemni.  Sollemnis,  from  soUus  (cf.  6Xos,  ^alvm),  whole  ; 
prop,  takmg  place  every  year,  '  established,'  especially  of 
festivals  ;  then,  with  the  religious  force  predommatmg, 
*  religious,'  '  festive,'  '  solemn.' 


XVII. 

2.  M.  Porcius  Cato,  known  as  the  Censor  (234-1 49),  first  distin- 
guished himself  in  tlie  second  Punic  war  ;  in  204-3  he  served 
as  Quaestor  to  Scipio  Africanus  in  Sicily  and  Africa.  From 
this  time  forward  he  became  the  declared  enemy  of  the  Scipios 
and  their  friends,  who  were  introducing,  he  said,  into  Rome 


52 


NOTES. 


NOTES. 


53 


the  luxury  and  refinement  of  degenerate  Greece  and  ruining 
the  simple  and  honest  Roman  character.  He  served  with  dis- 
tinction in  Spain,  195-4,  and  against  Antiochus,  191.  In  184  he 
was  censor,  and  applied  himself  strenuously,  but  in  vain,  to 
stem  the  tide  of  Greek  luxury.  He  was  one  of  the  ambassa- 
dors sent  to  Africa  to  arbitrate  between  Masinissa  and  the 
Carthaginians,  and  was  so  struck  by  the  flourishing  condition  of 
Carthage,  that  on  his  return  he  insisted  that,  whilst  that  city 
existed,  Rome  would  never  be  safe.  Whenever  he  was  called 
upon  for  his  vote  in  the  Senate,  whatever  the  subject  before 
the  house  was,  he  alvvays  concluded  his  remarks  by  'And  I 
further  am  of  opinion  that  Carthage  must  be  destroyed  (delen- 
dam  esne  Cartha^jinem).'  The  third  Punic  war,  which  broke 
out  soon  after  his  death,  was  largely  due  to  his  influence. 

5.  L.  Cornelius  Sclplo  Aslaticus  served  under  his  brother 
Africanus  in  Spain,  and  in  190  defeated  Antiochus  at  Mount 
Sipylus.     Cf.  xvi.  1. 

3.  comparati  in  eum.  Comjmrare  hominem  in  aliquem  is  the 
regular  phrase  for  procuring  a  man  to  attack  another.  '  Having 
been  set  upon  him  ....' 

4.  pecuniae  .  rationem  redderet,  '  to  give  an  account  of 
the  money  paid  by  Antiochus,  and  the  spoil ....' 

9.  allatum,  i.e.  dUit  librum  allatum  esse,  'he  said  that  it 
had  been  brought.' 

10.  aeraxium,  the  public  treasury  at  Rome,  in  which,  besides 
the  State  treasure,  the  standards  of  the  legions  and  copies  of 
all  decrees  of  the  Senate  were  kept.  After  the  expulsion  of 
the  kings  the  Temple  of  Saturn,  at  the  head  of  the  Forum, 
was  used  for  this  purpose. 

10.  «ed  enim,  '  but  indeed.'    Cf.  xv.  10. 

11.  nee  me  ipse  afflciam  contumelld,,  *  nor  will  I  insult  my- 
self with  my  own  lips  (//>>e).' 

12.  coram,  'before  their  eyes.' 

lo.  quod  cui.  The  order  is  quod  ah  eo  ratio  jrraedae  po- 
sceretur,  cut  mlus  ...  deberet,  *  indignant  that  an  account  of  the 
booty  was  demanded  from  a  man,  to  whom  the  safety  of  the 
State  and  constitution  ought  to  be  ascribed. ' 

Acceptum  aliquid  re/erre  tdicni,  lit.  '  to  put  down  a  thing  as 
received  to  a  man's  account,'  '  to  credit  him  with  it';  a  meta- 
phor from  banking. 


I 


XVIII. 

2.  Scipio  Africanus  "was  unquestionably  one  of  the  greatest 
men  of  Rome,  and  he  acquired  at  an  early  age  the  confidence 
and  admiration  of  his  countrymen.  His  enthusiastic  mind 
led  him  to  believe  that  he  was  a  special  favourite  of  the  gods; 
and  he  never  engaged  in  any  public  or  private  business 
without  first  going  to  the  Capitol,  where  he  sat  some  time 
alone,  enjoying  communication  from  the  gods.  For  all  he 
proposed  or  executed  he  alleged  the  divine  approval ;  and  the 
Roman  people  gave  credit  to  his  assertions,  and  regarded  him 
as  a  being  almost  superior  to  the  common  race  of  men. 
There  can  be  no  doubt  that  Scipio  believed  himself  in  the 
divine  revelations,  which  he  asserted  to  have  been  vouchsafed 
to  him,  and  the  extraordinary  success  which  attended  all  his 
enterprises  must  have  deepened  this  belief." — Smith's  Classical 
Dictionary. 

3.  noctls  extreme,  *  at  the  end  of  night.'  The  neuter 
extremum  is  used  as  a  substantive,  meaning  'the  end.'  Cf. 
extremo  anniy  Livy,  xxxv.  11.  1  ;  sub  extremum  noctisy  Sil. 
4.  88. 

4.  ventltare.  Ventito  is  the  frequentative  form  of  venio. 
Frequentative  or  iterative  verbs  denote  repeated  action  : 
they  are  of  the  first  conjugation,  and  formed  by  adding  -^o, 
•aOy  -ifo,  or  -it or  to  the  supine  stem,  or,  more  rarely,  to  the 
clipt  stem,  as  can-to,  '  I  sing  often ' ;  cur-sOy  '  I  run  often ' ; 
rog-ito,  *  I  ask  often  ' ;  viin-ifor,  '  I  threaten  often  ' ;  haes-itOy 
*  I  stick  fast. "  Sometimes  one  frequentative  verb  is  formed 
from  another,  as  cant-ito  from  canto. 

ac  iubere  ...  lovls,  '  and  to  order  the  temple  of  Jupiter  to 
be  opened.' 

6.  quasi  consultans.     Cf.  xv.  6.  note. 

7.  id  temporis.  For  this  'genitive  of  the  thing  measured,' 
depending  on  a  neuter  pronoun,  expressing  quantity,  hence 
often  called  the  'partitive  genitive,'  cf.  aliquid  veri,  /(d.si  ; 
id  aetatis ;  nihil  reliqui  facere,  *  to  leave  nothing  undone ' 
(Caes. )  ;  quantum  mercedis  (xxxii.  17.)  ;  si  quid  remedii 
(xxxiv.  8.),  and  such  phrases  as  navium  quod  uhique  fuerat 
in  unum  locum  coegerant  (Caes.).  Id  in  this  phrase  is  in  the 
accusative.  Similar  adverbial  accusatives  are — hoc  noctisy 
majnam  partemy  auam  viceniy  multiun,  etc.     The  use  of  the 


I 


54 


NOTES. 


ace.  has  arisen  from  an  extended  use  of  the  cognate  ace.  after 
intransitive  verbs  (e.g.  servire  servitatem,  dormirt  nocterriy 
dolere  cdiquid,  etc. ). 

quod  in  eum  solum  ...  Incurrerent,  the  order  is  aeditnmi... 
admirati,  quod  caues,  semper  in  alios  saerieutes,  neque  latrarent 
wque  incurrerent  in  eum  xolum  id  temporis  in  Capitolium  in- 
gredientem,  'because  he  was  the  only  man  who  entered  the 
temple  at  that  time,  at  whom  the  dogs,  that  always  attacked 
others,  did  not  bark  and  fly.' 

14.  re  cibaria  copiosum,  *  well  supplied  with  provisions.' 

15.  eius  potiundi.     Gerundival  attraction,  cf.  xiii.  1.  note. 

16.  ius  dicebat,  '  he  was  administering  justice,'  the  technical 
term. 

18.  in  iure  stare,  or  esse,  'to  stand,*  'present  oneself 
before  a  magistrate  ' ;  in  ins  ire,  '  to  go  before  a  magistrate.' 

19.  vadimonium  promittere,  to  promise  or  give  security 
(bail)  for  a  man's  appearance,  '  for  what  day  and  what  place ' 
{i.e.  for  his  appearance  on  what  day  and  place)  'he  would 
order  security  to  be  given.' 

iuberet,  subj.  after  the  dependent  interrog.  quem.  Cf.  x.  6. 
note. 

21.  sese,  object,  of  sistere,  *  ordered  him  to  present  himself 
on  the  third  day  in  yonder  place.' 

22.  atque  ita  factum,  'and  so  it  happened.' 

vadari.  Vador  aliquem= '  I  bind  a  man  over  by  bail ' :  the 
object,  of  vadari  here  is  militem  :  "on  the  third  day,  on  which 
he  had  ordered  (them)  to  bind  (the  man)  over  to  appear." 

XIX. 

1.  caplte.  Capid  denotes  the  legal  status  of  a  citizen  :  be 
lost  it  "as  much  if  he  were  struck  off  the  roll  of  citizens  as  if 
his  head  were  struck  off  his  shoulders"  (Wilkins,  B.  Lit. 
Primer).  "I  and  two  others  were  tryuig  a  friend  on  a 
capital  charge." 

4.  ad  casum  ...  medendum,  'to  remedy  so  perilous  a  mis- 
chance.' 

6.  ad  condemnandum,  sc.  hominemy  *I  gave  my  vote  in 
silence  for  condemning  the  man.' 


\ 


NOTES. 

XX. 


65 


W 


1.  Favorinus  was  a  native  of  Aries,  in  Gaul;  he  was  a 
famous  philosopher,  and  resided  at  different  periods  of  his 
life  in  Eome,  Greece,  and  Asia  Minor  (about  110 — 130  a  d.). 

3.  Curius.  M'  Curius  Dentatus,  consul  in  290,  275,  and 
274  B.C.,  distinguished  himself  in  the  Samnite  wars.  He  was 
a  favourite  hero  of  the  Romans,  and  celebrated  as  a  type  of  the 
old-fashioned  virtue  and  frugality.  The  Samnites,  it  is  said, 
once  sent  an  embassy  to  him  with  costly  gifts.  The  messen- 
gers found  the  great  general  silting  by  his  hearth,  and  roasting 
turnips.  They  proffered  their  gifts,  but  he  rejected  them, 
saying  that  he  would  rather  rule  over  those  who  possessed 
gold  than  possess  it  himself. 

4.  Fabriclus.     Cf.  viii.  1.  note. 

Conincanius,  consul  200  b.c,  fought  with  success  against 
the  Etruscans  and  against  Pyrrus  (cf.  xxvii.  1.  note) ;  he  was 
also  a  distinguished  lawyer,  and  the  first  plebeian  who 
became  Pontifex  Maximus. 

5.  his,  abl.  after  the  comparative  anfiquiores, 

antiquus,  'former,'  'ancient,'  is  used  of  what  has  existed 
in  past  time  as  opposed  to  novus,  what  has  not  previously 
existed,  new.  Vttus  denotes  what  has  existed  for  a  long 
time,  old,  aged,  opposed  to  r^cens,  what  has  not  existed  for 
long,  recent. 

Horatii.  The  three  brothers  of  the  Horatian  gens,  who,  ac- 
cording to  the  legend,  in  the  reign  of  Tullus  Hostilius,  fought 
against  the  Curiatii,  three  brothers  from  Alba,  to  determine 
whether  Rome  or  Alba  was  to  exercise  the  supremacy. 

6.  Auruncorum,  etc.,  genitives  depending  of  verbis,  'used 
the  language  of  the  Aurunci,'  etc.  The  Aurunci,  Sicani,  and 
Pelasgi  were  old  Italian  races. 

9.  quasi  loquare.     Cf.  xv.  0.  note,  '  quasi  desiperetJ* 

Euandri.  The  legend  says  that  Euander,  son  of  Hermes  and 
an  Arcadian  nymph,  alx)ut  GO  years  before  the  Trojan  war,  led 
a  Pelasgian  colony  from  Arcadia  in  Greece  to  Italy,  and  built 
the  town  of  Pallantium  at  the  foot  of  the  Palatine  hill.  Vergil 
represents  Euander  as  still  alive  when  Aeneas  came  to  Italy. 
{Aeneid,  viii.  51.) 

10.  abhinc  multis  annis,   'many  years  ago.'     To  express 


56 


NOTES. 


NOTES. 


67 


*  how  long  ago,' rt^jAe/iC  and  anfp  are  nsed  with  either  abl.  or 
ace.  case,  C'f.  ahhinc  trknimim  hue  commigravit^  '  she  came 
hither  three  years  ago'  (Ter.  An.  i.  70). 

11  quae  dicas,  'anything  that  you  say.'  The  subj.  (a  con- 
secutive subjunctive)  after  the  relative  marks  the  statement 
as  indefinite  ;  quae  dicis  would  mean  the  particular  words 
which  you  are  actually  using. 

14.  sit,  subjunctive,  because  a  dependent  sentence  in  the 
orafio  ohliqua  after  a/v. 

16.  C.  Julius  Caesar,  the  Dictator,  100-44  B.C.  This  quota- 
tion is  from  his  lost  work  De  Analogia,  written,  it  is  said, 
when  he  was  crossing  the  Alps. 

18.  ut  tamquam,  '  that  you  should  avoid  a  rare  word,  as 
(you  would  avoid)  a  rock.' 

XXI. 

1.  T.  Manlius  Imperiosus  Torquatus  was  another  of  the 
favourite  heroes  of  Koman  history.  His  exploit  here  men- 
tioned happened  in  361.  In  353  and  again  in  349  he  was 
Dictator ;  in  347,  344,  and  340,  Consul.  In  this  last  year 
Torquatus  and  P.  Decius  Mus  gained  a  great  victory  over  the 
Latins  near  Mt.  Vesuvius,  and  established  the  Roman 
supremacy  in  Latium.  It  was  shortly  before  this  battle  that 
the  disobedient  act  of  his  son  occurred,  mentioned  at  the  end 
of  xxii. 

3.  torquis,  a  'twisted  neck  chain,'  as  opposed  to  vwnih 
(cf.  ix.  6),  which  was  made  of  beads,  stones,  etc.,  strung 
together. 

ex  hoste  detractam  induit,  '  he  had  taken  from  an  enemj", 
and  put  on  himself.'  A  participle  and  verb  are  frequently 
used  in  Latin  where  in  English  two  verbs  are  employed,  e.g. 
scripsit  se  profectum  cehriter  ad/ore,  '  he  wrote  (to  say)  that 
he  had  set  out  and  would  soon  arrive.' 

4.  fuerit,  subj.  after  the  dependent  interrogative  quis.  Cf. 
X.  6.  note. 

6.  cum  ...  processit,  etc.  The  indicative  is  used  in  past 
time  after  cum,  wheu  the  conjunction  is  purely  temporal,  and 
equivalent  to  et  turn.     Cf.  vi.  8,  note. 

7.  nudus,  'unarmed.'  yudus  is  used  in  many  senses  be- 
sides its  usual  one  of  'unclothed,'  'naked':  e.g.  '  without  a 


1 


toga,'  ie.  'in  a  tunic  only,' »"rf«;  ara,  f «  '"'f '.I'^'fg;.^'. 
i  "Wl  •  '  uncovered  by  turf,'  xilex  mida  (Verg.  h.  i.  IS) , 
leafless'  m,rf«m  nemm ;  'without  a  garrison,  nrbs  mida. 
r,™S  (Ci^ Alt.  vii.  13-1);  'destitute,'  uuda  scnect,^  (Juv.) ; 
•unadorned,'  nnda  oratio  (Cic),  etc. 

12  si  auis  veUet,  uti  prodiret,  'that  if  any  one  was 
wi  ling  to  tight  him,  he  should  step  forward.'  The  tenses  are 
hi^s  ortc  because  conclamant  is  the  historical  present,  and 
trerefo;e  emiivalent  to  a  past  tense.  Primary  tenses  are 
sometimes  used  after  a  historic  present,  but  historic  tenses  are 
more  common. 

17  Bcuto  pedestri.  The  srntum  was  an  oblong  or  oval 
sh  eld  (4  ft.  by '2Ut.,  Polybius),  made  of  >^;fod  or  wicker  work 
It  was  borrowed^from  the  Sabines  and  made  the  shield  of  the 
whole  Romun  army,  superseding  the  large  circular  chpevs 
when  the  Roman  soldieVs  first  began  to  receive  pay,  and 
To  form  a  permanent  army  instead  of  an  irregular  militia 
(Livy,  viii.  8.  etc.). 

cinctus  in  this  connection  is  properly  '  surrounded    with  a 
girdle  to  support  a  shield  or  sword,  hence    armed  with. 

XXII. 

1  metu  magno,  'amid  great  anxiety.'  An  ablative  of 
manner,  closely  akin  to  the  "  ablative  absolute. 

2  sua  disciplina,  'according  to  his  custom,  *.e.  way  of 
fighting  Cf  .a.;.m  nos  disciplina  nfimnr,  '  our  habits  are 
the  same '  (Plant.  As.  i.  3.  49),  and  disciplina  mihtiae,  belhca, 
mililaris,  etc.,  '  the  art  of  war.' 

3  cunctabunduB.  Cf.  mon6«m?M«,  yi  11.  note.  The  Gaul 
stood  on  the  alert  ready  to  parry  a  blow,  and  waiting  his 
opportunity.  Manlius  disconcerted  him  by  suddenly  dashing 
him  backwards.  ,   ^        i 

7.  eo  oacto  el  ,  etc.,  'in  that  way  he  got  to  close 
quarters  with  him  {n  sucre..if)  under  his  Gallic  sword,  and 
wounded  his  chest  with  his  Spanish  sword  sc.  gladio)  1  he 
-Snanish  sword"  was  a  short  weapon,  fitted  for  thrusting 
and^sUbbing  at  close  quarters;  the  "Gallic  sword "  a  much 
longer  and  heavier  weapon. 

9  pectus  hauslt.  Haurire  of  a  weapon  in  the  sense  of 
«  wounding,'  '  tearing  open,'  is  found  m  Lucretius,  Vergil,  and 


58 


NOTES. 


often  in  Ovid:  probably  the  sword,  etc.,  is  regarded  m 
devouring  the  flesh  or  drinking  the  blood  (Conington).  Cf. 
Verg.  Aen.  x.  313 — 

Huic  (jladio  perque  aerea  mta^ 
Per  tunicam  sqiialentejn  auro,  latm  haurit  apertiim. 

*  With  his  sword,  through  brazen  coat  of  mail  and  tunic  stiff 
with  gold,  he  wounded  his  unguarded  side.' 

17.  speculatum.  The  supine  is  -urn,  expressing  purpose 
after  a  verb  of  motion. 

pugna  interdlcta,  'though  he  had  been  forbidden  to  tight.' 
Abl.  absolute. 

XXIII. 

1.  Agrum  Pomptinum.  The  Ager  Pomptinus  was  a  low 
plain  on  the  coast  of  Latium,  between  Circeii  and  Terracma  ; 
it  was  originally  a  fertile  cornland,  but  after  the  third  cen- 
tury B.C.,  it  became  more  and  more  marshy,  till  at  last  the 
Pomptine  marshes  were  the  most  malarious  district  in  Italy. 
They  were  partially  drained  from  time  to  time,  but  no  per- 
manent relief  was  afforded  till  the  time  of  Pius  VI.  (1778). 
The  district  is  still  the  most  unhealthy  in  Italy. 

3.  vasta  procerltate,  abl.  of  description. 

armlB  auro  fulgentihus,  abl.  abs.,  'a  man  of  enormous 
stature,  with  armour  gleaming  with  gold.' 

5.  per  contemptum  et  superhiam,  '  scornfully  and  haugh- 
tily.'    Cf.  jyer  rim,  *  forcibly,'  etc. 

6.  venire  luhet,  etc.,  '  bids  anyone  out  of  the  whole  Roman 
arniv  who  dares  to  fight,  to  come  forward  and  meet  him,'  lit. 
'bids  (him)  come,  if  anyone  dares.'  Auderef  is  in  historical 
time,  because  iuhet  is  the  historic  present,  standing  for  a  past 
tense.     Cf.  xxi.  12.  note. 

8  tribunus  miUtaris.  The  tribuni  militum,  or  militares,  were 
the  chief  officers  of  the  legion  ;  there  were  originally  three, 
afterwards  six,  to  each  legion. 

ceteris  ...  amblguis.    Abl.  absol.,  'since  the  rest  hesitated.' 
11.  progreditur  ...  obviain,  '  advances  to  meet  him.' 
13.  vis  quaedam  divlna  fit,  'a  miracle  happens':   lit.,   a 
divine  power  is  manifested. 


NOTES. 


59 


16.  laniabat  ...  revolabat,  the  imperfects  denote  repeated 
action.  , 

21.  Btatuam  etatuendam  curavit,  'had  a  statue  set  up  : 
for  this  use  of  euro  cf .  xiii.  1.  4.  note. 

Augustus.     Cf.  xxix.  2.  note. 

in  foro  sue,  the  '  Forum  Augusti.'  There  were  three  great 
fora  at  Rome,  the  F.  Augusti,  the  F.  Magimm,  Vetus,  or 
Komanum,  and  the  F.  Julii. 

23.  monimentum,  in  apposition  to  simulacrum. 

XXIV. 

1  Aesopus  lived  about  570  B.C.  Little  is  known  about 
his  life.  He  was  a  slave,  but  was  freed  by  one  of  his  masters, 
ladmon  of  Samos.  He  is  said  to  have  visited  Croesus,  king 
of  Lvdia,  and  Pisistratus  of  Athens,  and  to  have  been  sent 
by  the  former  to  Delphi  to  distribute  a  gift  of  money  among 
the  citizens.  A  dispute  however  arose,  and  he  refused  to  eive 
any  of  the  money,  so  the  angry  men  of  Delphi  threw  Tiim 
over  a  precipice  Later  stories,  without  good  authority, 
represent  him  as  deformed. 

e  Phrygia.  Cotioeum  in  Phrygia,  Mesembria  in  Thrace, 
Samos,   and   Sardis    each   claimed   to  be   the   birthplace  of 

Aesop.  .      . 

2  utilia  monitu  suasuque.  The  abl.  of  the  supine  in  -u  is 
regularly  used  as  an  abl.  of  respect.  Cf.  nefas  visu,  turpe 
dictu,  facile  faclu  (xxvii.  7.),  etc. 

5.  cum  audiendi  quadam  inlecebra,  lit.  '  with  some  charm 
of  hearing. ' 

7  Bpem,  etc.,  'that  in  matters  {rernm)  which  a  man  can 
manage  himself,  hope  and  trust  ought  never  to  be  placed 
in  another,  but  in  himself,'  i.e.  that  a  man  ought  not  to  rely 
upon  another  for  what  he  can  do  himself. 

10.   0  Ennius.     Cf.  xxxviii.  9. 

satiris.  Satira  or  mtura  (.sa<«r  =  full),  properly  a  mixture 
of  all  sorts  of  things,  originally  denoted  a  work  vrhich  dealt 
with  many  subjects  ;  then  the  title  was  applied  to  poems 
which  treated  '  didactically  '  the  follies  and  vices  of  mankind. 

verflibUB  quadratls,  vtrnus  quadrati  (square)  are  those  con- 
taining  eight  or  seven  feet.     These  lines  of  Ennius  are  called 


60 


NOTES. 


Septenarii  or    Tetrameter  Catalectic  verses.      The  principal 
feet  in  them  are  the  trochee  -  -,  and  spoiulee  -  -. 
Hoc  erllt  tlb(i)l  argftlmentum  1  semper  1  In  promp|tu  sTltum, 
Nrquld  1  4ecltesa|m^cos,l  quod  tat(e)  ',  ftg^  1  possljes. 

12  semper  In  promptu  situm,  '  ever  ready  at  hand.' 

13  ne  quid,  etc.,  'not  to  wait  for  your  friends  at  all  {quid) 
in  a  matter  which  {quod)  you  yourself  can  do. 

possies,  old  form  of  possis,  pres.  subj.  of  possum. 

XXV. 

2  Id  temporis.  Cf.  xviii.  7.  note,  *  at  such  a  time,  as  a 
rule,  that  the  harvest  is  at  hand  when  its  young  ones  are 
iust'becoming  fledged.'  ,  .  ,   .,       ^ 

.3.  ea  cassita,  that  particular  lark  about  which  the  story  is 

told.  .      , 

congesserat,  used  absolutely  {i.e  without  an  object)  in  the 
sense  of  making  a  nest,  as  we  used  the  word  to  build.  Cf. 
Verg   Ed  iii.  69,  locum  aerlae  quo  coiigessere  columbae. 

5  dum  iret.  Dum,  like  other  temporal  conjunctions, 
takes  the  indie,  (in  Oratio  K.)  when  strictlif  temporal  but  the 
s^bi  is  required  when  the  notion  of  time  is  complicated  with 
that'  of  purp(.sc,  consequence,  etc.  In  other  words,  rfum, 
'whils  '^alway  takes  the  indie,  dum  'untd,'  the  mdic. 
usually  the  subj.  sometimes,  viz.,  when  the  idea  of  expecting 
o;  wa^  ng  for  something  comes  in.  Here  purpose  ;«  expressed  : 
?to  enable  her  to  meanwhile  go  . . . ,"  till  she  should  go.  Cf . 
miusquam  emcret,  xxxiii.  4.  note. 

6.  quaesltum,  'to  seek  for  food  ' ;  ^;^\^^^}^ ^^^"'^ 
expressing  purpose  after  a  verb  of  motion.  Cf.  xvi.  13,  xxu.  1 . . 

7  si  quid,  etc.,  '  if  anything  unusual  happened,  tor  the 
genitive  quid  rei,  cf.  id  temporis,  xviu.  7.  note. 

11  fac  eas  et  roges,  a  less  peremptory  way  of  expressing 
a  command  than  t^he'simple  mperatiye.  Cf.  scnhas  velim, 
cura  ut  scribas,  scribe  sis  (for  si  m),  instead  of  sa  ibe. 

\o    veniant,  etc.,  subj.  after  roges,  '  ask  them  to  come  ... 

15  orare,  the  historical  infinite,  iised  instead  of  a  finite 
verb  In  this  construction,  which  is  frequent  in  an  animated 
description  of  a  scene,  the  pres..  inf.  only  «  used  (besides  the 
two  perfects  odisse  and  memimsse,   which   haxe  a  present 


' 


I 


NOTES. 


61 


meaning).  Dr.  Kennedy  (Pub.  Sch.  Lat.  Gr..  332)  treats  it 
as  analogous  to  the  omission  of  parts  of  the  verb  sum  (e.g. 
occisus  for  occisus  est),  as  it  leaves  out  the  expression  of  time, 
number,  and  person.  '  It  is  used  to  express^  the  occurrence 
of  actions  without  marking  the  order  of  time.'  (Roby.) 

17.  misit  qui  amices  roget.  Boget  is  in  subj.,  because  the 
relative  expresses  purpose:  'has  sent  me  to  ask....'  M^8^t 
is  the  perfect  proper,  '  has  sent,'  a  primary  tense,  hence  roget 
is  in  the  pres.  subj. 

18.  otiose  animo  esse,  abl.  of  quality,  lit.  *  bids  them  be 
of  an  easy  mind,'  i.e.  '  bids  them  be  easy  in  mind.' 

XXVI. 

4.  l8tl,  ironical,  '  those  friends  of  yours  are  laggards.' 
quin  ...  imuB,  'why  do  we  not  rather  go...?*  The  con- 
junction quill  {  =  qui,  an  old  ablative,  and  -ne)  is  thus  used  in 
exhortations  and  remonstrances  (a)  usually  with  the  pres. 
indie,  e.g.  quin  coiiscendimus  equos  i  (Livy),  '  why  do  we  not 
mount  ?'  i.e.  '  nay,  mount  at  once' :  {b)  sometimes  with  the  im- 
perative, quin  aspice  me,  '  nay,  look  at  me  "  ;  quin  die  una 
verbo,  '  just  answer  in  a  single  word.' 

5.  cognates.  Cognatus  is  a  kinsman  by  blood,  either  on 
the  father's  or  the  mother's  side  ;  agnatus,  a  blood  relation  on 
the  father's  side  ;  gentilis,  a  member  of  the  same  gens,  and 
bearing  the  same  gentile  name,  e.g.  Cornelii,  Fabii ;  all  these 
three  classes  were  consanguinei,  related  by  blood  ;  adfnis,  a 
relation  by  marriage,  or  sometimes  merely  a  neighbour. 

8.  cognates  adflnesque  nuUos  ferme  .. ,  lit.  'as  a  rule  no 
kinsmen  and  neighbours  were  so  good-natured,'  she  said,  *  as  to 
make  no  delay  in  undertaking  work,  and  to  obey  orders  at  once.' 

14.  valeant,  'good-bye  to...,'  i.e.  let  us  have  no  more  to 
do  with  .... 

18.  idubi...,  the  order  is,  ubi  mater  audirit  ex  pullis  do- 
mi  num  dijcitise  id  ...  . 

19.  tempus  cedendi  et  abeundi,  '  it  is  time  to  go  and  be  oflF.' 

20.  in  ipse  enlm.  The  order  is,  vertitnr  enim  iam  in  ipso, 
cuia  res  e^t,  non  in  alio,  unde  petitur,'  lit.  'for  (the  work) 
now  depends  upon  the  man  himself,  whose  the  property  is, 


62 


NOTES. 


not  upon  another,  from  whom  (the  work)  is  asked,'  i.e.  who 
is  asked  to  do  the  work. 

XXVII. 

1.  PyrruB  (318-272  B.C.),  king  of  Epirus,  was  one  of  the  most 
famous  generals  of  his  age.     In  280  he  was  invited  to  Italy 
by  the  Tarentines  to  aid  them  in  their  struggle  with  Rome. 
He  defeated  the  Romans  in  two  great  battles,  near  Heraclea 
on  the  Siris  in  280,  and  near  Asculum  in  279,  but  his  own 
troops  sufltered  so  severely  that  he  concluded  an  armistice, 
and  in  278  crossed  to  Sicily  to  help  the  Greek  colonies  in  that 
island  against  the  Carthaginians.     The  incident  mentioned  in 
this  selection   afforded   the  pretext  for   the  truce.      In  276 
Pyrrus  returned  to  Italy,  but  he  was  decisively  defeated  by 
Curius  Deutatus  near  Beneventum  and  compelled  to  leave 
Italy.     He  went  back  to  Epirus,  and  engaged  in  many  new 
warlike  enterprises.     In  272,  when  retreating  from  Argos,  he 
was  stunned  by  a  tile  thrown  by  a  woman,  and  slain  by  the 
pursuinf^  soldiers.     Hannibal  is  reported  to  have  said,  that  of 
all  the  great  generals  the  world  had  seen,  Alexander  was  the 
greatest,  Pyrrus  the  second,  himself  the  third  ;  or,  according 
to  another  version,  Pyrrus  the  first,  Scipio  the  second,  and 
himself  the  third. 

in  terra  ItaUa,  '  in  the  land  of  Italy  ' ;  of.  xxxi.  7,  tn  terra 
Grai'cia,  so  urbs  Roma,  etc.,  the  two  substantives  bemg  in 
apposition. 

4.  Fabricius.     Cf.  viii.  1.  note. 

7.  facUe  factu,  'easy  to  do.'  Cf.  xxiv.  2.,  utilia  monitu  et 
auasUy  note. 

12.  salutem  tutaretur,  'should  protect  himself  from...,' 
»  be  on  his  guard  against ; '  lit.  '  protect  his  safety.' 

13.  laudes  ...  scrlpsisse,  '  it  is  said  that  Pyrrus  wrote  to 
the  Roman  people,  praising  and  thanking  them  ...,'  lit.  'wrote 
praises  and  thanks.' 

populo  Romano.  Cf.  ad  senatum  scripsU,  line  9.  The 
rule  is  that,  if  the  verb  expresses  or  implies  motion,  ad  with 
the  ace.  is  used  to  express  the  remoter  object ;  if  no  motion 
is  implied,  the  dative  is  used  ;  so,  misit  hoc  ad  me,  but  dedit 
hoc  mihi.  Hence  many  verbs  admit  both  constructions,  as 
they  fall  on  the  line  between  expressing  motion  and  not 
exnressing  it.     Scribo  is  one  of  these,  for  the  letter  has  to  be 


NOTES. 


63 


sent,  80  motion  is  implied,  but  the  verb  itself  expresses  no 
motion.  This  rule,  however,  is  not  always  observed  even  in 
prose,  and  far  less  so  in  poetry. 


XXVIII. 

1.  In  clrco  maxlmo.  The  early  Roman  legends  say  that 
when  Tarquinius  Priscus  had  taken  the  town  of  Apiolae  from 
the  Latins,  he  commemorated  his  success  by  holding  races 
and  games  in  the  Murcian  Valley,  between  the  Palatine  and 
Aventine  hills.  Round  the  valley  temporary  platforms  and 
stands  were  erected,  and  the  course  with  its  surroundings 
was  called  '  Circus ,'  either  because  the  spectators  stood  in  a 
circle,  or  because  the  races  went  round  in  a  circle.  Soon  a 
permanent  building  was  erected  in  this  valley.  This  was 
enlarged  and  beautified  from  time  to  time,  and  known  as  the 
Circus  Maximus,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  many  similar 
buildings  which  were  erected  in  various  parts  of  Rome.  In 
the  time  of  Julius  Caesar  the  Circus  Maximus  was  about 
600  yards  in  length,  and  200  in  width,  and  held  150,000 
people  :  a  century  later  it  could  hold  twice  as  many.  The 
building  was  used  chiefly  for  chariot-racing  ;  but  sometimes 
the  area  was  flooded,  and  naval  battles  were  represented,  and 
often  beasts  were  let  loose  in  it  to  fight  with  one  another,  or 
with  men,  either  condemned  criminals  and  captives,  or  bestiari, 
specially  trained  for  the  purpose.  This  latter  exhibition  was 
called  venat'io,  or  puyna  venationls.  Animals  were  brought 
in  almost  incredible  numbers  from  all  parts  of  the  Roman 
world  to  be  thus  slaughtered.  Julius  Caesar  once  turned 
600  lions  into  the  arena  together,  and  Augustus,  in  the 
Monimentuni  Ancyranum,  boasts  that  he  had  thus  killed 
3,500  elephants  during  his  reign. 

2.  multae  ibi  ferae,  sc.  erant. 

7.  quasi  admlrans.     Cf.  qnasi  de.siperet,  xv.  6.  note. 

15.  videres,  *  you  might  have  seen.'  Cf.  Livy,  maesti, 
crederes  virtos,  redeujit  in  casfra,  *  you  would  have  thought 
they  had  been  defeated.'  This  use  is  confined  to  the  second 
person  singular  ('you'  indefinite  —  one)  ;  the  subjunctive  is 
explained  by  treating  the  expression  as  part  of  a  conditional 
sentence,  the  condition  understood  being  the  reality  of  the 
subject.     '  If  you  had  been  there,  you  might  have  seen  ... .' 


64 


NOTES. 
XXIX. 


9    Caesar  probably  Claudius,  emperor  41-54  a^d.  ;  he  was 
the'fmutWmperor-Augustus  being  the  first,  Tiberius    he 
second    and  Caligula  thi  third.      Caesar  was  originally  the 
name  of  a  patrfcifu  family  of  the  Julian  u^n..     The  name  was 
Xn  by  Augustus  (Octavianus),  as  the  adopted  son  o    the 
Dictator   C   Julius  Caesar  :  by  Tiberius,  as  the  adopted  son 
?/ Aul'^tus  Caesar  :  and  it  continued  to  be  "-d  by  CahgiiU 
Claudius     and   Nero,    as   members,   by  adoption,   or  female 
descenr'of  Caesar's  family.     This  family  became  extinct  with 
Nero,  bu?  succeeding  emperors  employed  the  name  as  part  of 
their  official  title. 

3    uni  with  iUl,  '  had  spared  him  alone.' 
pepercisset,  subj.  after  the  dependent  interrogative  cur.    ^ 
5    proconsulari  Imperlo.     The  Procoimdart  /"»P//-»""f^^^« 
the  i^wer  held  by  a  man  who  acts  pro  confute,     in  the  place 
of  a^onsul'     As  the  number  of  Roman  provinces  increased 
?t  became  the  custom  under  the  Republic  for  nien    who  had 
held  throffi'ce  of  consul,  to  accept  the  government  of  provinces 
for   a  year     and   rule   these  with  the   -  Impermm   Frocon- 
sulare  ''which   was   conferred  by   a   specia     decree   of    the 
SeS  ami  of  the  people.     Under  the  Empire  the  provinces 
were  divded  into  two  groups :    (1)  the  Senatorial  Provinces 
Uhe  more  peaceful  ones  in  which  no  large  armies  were  ma  n- 
taineTl     which  were  governed  with  Imperium  Proconxnlare,  by 
m^  who   had  beeii  consuls  or  praetors:    (2)  the    Imperial 
Provinces,  which  were  governed  with  /Va./o.ua.  power  by 
Legati  cdesaris,  who  acted  as  the  Emperor  s  deputies. 

Afrtcam,  the  Roman  name  for  the  district  round  Carthage. 
10    consilium  fuit,  '  my  plan  was,'  '  I  purposed.' 
U.  dehili  ...  pede.     Abl.  absol.,  'with  one  foot  lame  and 
bloodstained.'  xi     i    4.4.  ^ 

oo  volnere  intimo  expressi,  '  I  pressed  out  from  the  bottom 
of  The  wound.'  Words  compounded  with  a^  cum,  c/.  and 
ex  usually  govern  an  abl.,  either  with  or  (less  freciuently  in 
prose)  without  the  preposition  repeated. 

o-x  cruorem-  cruor  is  'gore,'  i.e.  bloo.l  which  has  flowed 
from  a Tund  ;•  L,.us,  eitlier  '  gore,'  or  blood  circulating  lu 
the  body. 


NOTES. 


65 


XXX. 

1.  trlennlum  totum,  ace.  of  duration  of  time;  *for  three 
whole  years.' 

2.  eodemque  et  victu,  abl.  of  matter ;  *  on  the  same  food  also.' 
nam  quas,  etc.     The  order  is— '/e»v6a<  ad  specitm  mihi  (to 

the  cave  for  me),  mtmhra  opimiora  ferarum  qnm  venabatnr, 
the   antecedent  ftrarum.   being    attracted   into   the  relative 
sentence,  and  so  becoming  y^)*at. 

7.  viam  ...  permensus.  '  having  travelled  a  journey  of  almost 
three  days.' 

9.  rel  capitalis,  the  genitive  of  the  charge  used  after 
veri>s  c.f  condemning  and  ac(iuitting.  AVs'  capitalis  is  a  crime 
punishable  by  deatli  or  loss  of  civil  rights,  caput  denoting 
both  life  and  civil  status.     Cf.  xix.  1.  note. 

10.  damnandum  curavlt.     Cf.  xiii.  1.  4.  note. 

11.  quoque,  the  lion,  as  well  as  I,  having  been  captured. 

XXXI. 

1.  in  terra  Graecia.     Cf.  in  terra  Italia,  xxvii.  1.  note. 

fama  celehri,  abl.  of  (luality,  *of  great  reputation.' 

5.  Athenis,  *at  Athens,'  the  locative  case.     Cf.  xi.  1.  note. 

Electram,  etc.  The  order  is— ac^wnw  Ehctram  Sophoclis, 
di^hthut  (ie>itare  ^uimin  quasi  cum  Orcsti  osaihus,  *  being  about 
to  play  the  part  of  Sophocles'  Electra  {i.e.  the  part  of  Electra 
in  the  play  of  Sophocles  called  '  the  Electra ')  he  had  to  carry 
an  urn,  supposed  to  contain  [quasi  cum)  the  bones  of  Orestes. 
Women's  characters  were  played  by  men  both  on  the  Greek 
and  on  the  Roman  stage.  ^  i 

When  Agamemnon,  king  of  Argos  and  Mycenae,  returned 
from  the  Trojan  war,  he  was  murdered  by  his  wife  Clytaem- 
nestra.  Electra,  their  daughter,  contrived  to  save  her  young 
brother  Orestes,  and  send  him  to  the  court  of  Strophius,  king 
of  Phocis.  After  some  years  Orestes  returned  in  company 
with  Py lades,  tlie  son  of  Strophius.  At  first  he  pretended  to 
be  a  messenger  from  Strophius,  who  had  come  to  announce 
the  d*-ath  of  Orestes  in  a  chariot  race,  in  token  of  which  he 
brought  an  urn  containing,  he  said,  the  ashes  of  the  dead 
man  Finally,  he  made  himself  known  to  Electra,  and  then 
blew  Clytaemnestra  and  her  lover  Aegisthns. 


66 


NOTES, 


«     ^,     i«-    AQ^  lOfi    the  ereat  Athenian  tragic   poet,   was 
here  mentioned,  is  one.  . 

'trql"»l  Ore.tl  amplexus.  Ore^li  is  the  gen.  depending 
on  oi^i^a  understood.  , 

1"  Itaque.  etc.,  lit.  'and  so  when  a  play  seemed  to  be 
represented,  (true)  grief  was  represented 

When  the  g-' ^.e  t:*,' 7^  ^Wafgh^r  '  hi 

T''f  "'r^hrhis  ecen"  Lpertnce  of  real  grief  gave  a  new 
de>^laied  that  '?'^^'<"=™f „;,''.,,  the  other  hand,  in  his  famous 

XXXII. 

r:raV'se';:;e,^airdtnce   'ho^snhj.     For  this  sense   of 
ad,H>ca„erHni  of.  the  Enghsh  word  <  advocate. 
,.  Den^osthenes    the  gre.^^^^^^^^^  ^tSeUfht 'wh,.^: 

re;  wpi|^f't^  f fe;  -  (^-rfHe'^-rde^ry 

donian  kings  Phdip  and  ^^•^^•"'•'t'' 7,;„ "•.  Sv  ^^j  one  of  the 

'^'"fimrt^lt"^  trade:'":^  a*  w:rm->snTponer  of  the 
most  impoitani.       ^'^","*'*^^   ,  ^    •     u^own  to  have  been  an 

^^;:.'::^:  ^'^r^l^^^^^- '- "-  -' 

not  to  Demosthenes.  i  „„  f^ 

11  lana  multa  ...  circumvolutas,  lit.;  wrapped  round  as  to 
his  neck  wrJmich  wool.'     ColUun  is  the  ace.  of  respect. 

12  eo,  for  that  reason,  therefore.  ,    ,  ...     *u      f 
U.  non   Bynanchen  ...  sed  ax^anchen,    'that  his  throat 


NOTES.  67 

was  inflamed  not  by  cold,  but  by  gold.'  Argyranche 
{dpyvpayxv)  is  a  sarcastic  word  coined  to  imitate  synanche 
{(Tvvd.'yx'O)^  *  an  inflamed  throat.' 

15.  quin  ...  quoque,  *  nay  he  even  prided  himself  upon  it,' 
lit.  ascribed  it  as  a  glory  (dat.  of  purpose  or  complement,  cf. 
viii.  4.  note)  to  himself.  Quimtiani  is  more  common  than  the 
simple  quin  in  this  sense. 

17.  quantum  mercedls.  For  this  'genitive  of  the  thing 
measured,'  usually  called  the  'partitive  genitive,' depending 
of  a  neuter  pronoun,  cf.  id  tcmporU,  xviii.  7.  note  ;  *  how 
much  pay  he  had  received  for  acting.'  Accejnnsct  is  subj. 
after  tlie  dependent  interrogative  quantum. 

18.  uti  ageret,  lit.  in  order  to  act ;  a  final  sentence.  So 
*%it  tacerem.' 

19.  talentum,  the  Attic  talent,  £243  15s. 

XXXIII. 

1.  Marcus  Tullius  Cicero,  the  famous  Roman  orator,  was 
bora  near  Arpinum  on  Jan.  3rd,  106  B.C.  He  was  consul  in 
63  B.C.,  and  was  murdered  Dec.  7th,  43  B.C.,  by  the  emissaries 
of  M.  Antonius. 

in  Palatio,  the  Palatium  or  Mons  Palatinus  was  the  hill  on 
the  S.W.  of  the  Roman  Forum.  On  it  the  original  city  is 
said  to  have  been  built. 

2.  in  praesens,  sc.  tempiis,  '  for  the  present.'  Praesens,  the 
pres.  participle  of  praesum,  and  ahsens,  the  pres.  participle  of 
absuju,  are  the  only  forms  in  which  the  pres.  participle  of 
nujn  is  found. 

P.  Sulla,  the  nephew  of  the  great  Dictator,  L.  Sulla,  was 
accused  of  complicity  in  the  Catilinarian  conspiracy.  He  was 
defended  by  Cicero  and  Hortensius— the  famous  rival  of 
Cicero,  and,  though  certaudy  guilty,  was  acquitted,  62  B.C. 

mutua  ...  tacita  accepit,  '  accepted  as  a  secret  loan  ... .' 

sestertium  viciens,  2,000,000  sestei-tii,  i.e.  about  £19,000. 
The  unit  for  reckoning  large  sums  was  the  se.sterdiis  or 
liutnmus  (J  of  a  denarius,  the  ordinary  silver  coin  in  use, 
or  2^  asses),  in  value  about  2|d.  Up  to  2,000  the  cardinal 
numbers  were  prefixed,  e.g.  centum  sestertii,  mille  sestertii, 
etc.  The  gen.  plur.  of  sestertius  is  sestertium ;  so  2,000 
sestertii  is   dvo  millia  sestertium.      This   form   sestertium  in 


( 


G8 


NOTES. 


.J       ;f  it  were  a  neuter  singular.     Hence 
time  became  treated  as    f  i*  »^J%,.,^  ,,„erlia  was  wntten, 

for  duo  ""'''«/"^''''';''^'  '  f  the  numeral  was  often  used, 
as  the  'distribu  .ve'  orni  °'  ^  ,  oo',,0«0  ,s...^.w;i  we  have 
Hence  for  sums  from  -•*«?,  "P„^Vxaw.  a  oesl'riia,  etc.  For 
duo  or  Una  «-'-'--;"' '  ;  t«  he 'numeral  adverb  was 
sums  above  V***^i  thus  "oOO.OOO  «»/«'»  was  written 
generally    <^'"P'">"'' ■*,"''7jinc.'.r^-«m.  which  was  gener- 

%-iens  «»'««"  ('ir""'!"^,  "",;",•„„,,  or  rkk,,:<  alone. 
My  contracted  mto  ^'-^^^'^^  „„,„,„„,„,  like  other 
4.  Prtusftuam  emeret.    Pn '<.7«am         ^^^^  i„aicative ;  but 

temporal  conjunctions,  "»«  '  ^  b,;  ,  ;,  expected,  and  its 
whe^n  they  introduce  =^°  «\^'^*;^  '^Vj  convey  any  idea  of 
occurrence  prevented,  ••^•"°™e  subjunctive.     Cf.  note  on 

purpose,  they  "^"^"^J^   "before  he  could  buy." 

S«m  iret,  xxv.  o      Irai  slate  ^    ^^^^  ,  ^ 

,..Te?s  w:rT»  at  toU  V,ut  the  law  was  evaded  in 
■"^o"  ^S^ridendu..   'amidst  his  laughing.'     Cf.  note  on 

the  gerund,  xui.  1.  d-Kocvos-oTiros  (.*-)<"!),  "<>*  havi-ig 

iKo.vovin"; («,^-f-;:ri -not  frJud  in  extant  (Ueek  works. 

common  sense,    ^he  7'''  ^^^  k„„„  that. '    Tins 

U.  cum  Ignoratls     because  yo  .^  common  in 

use  of  cum  with  them^'V' but  only  used  by  Cicero  after 

-^  :^^t:l^'ora^"'''^-      Later  writers  do  not 

"t]^  mammas    -it  t^l-torynrUVn^roUno 
careful  master  of  the  household  to  say  t^^^  ^^^^  ,        j 

buy  what  he  wishes  to  P"/-ofa»e  -  nature  to  err,  etc. 

£!--"  ';f  "!f  :::f  r.r:xplaUiedTy  saymg  that  ^it  depends 


Lt  lie  y*io»^^        ^   i  ;f  w  anv  man  s  nature  tu^-y,  -— • 
/,omt;u's  .s^  en-a»v,     it  ^^ /^^^ '"^  -^^     that  it  depends 


XXXIV. 


upon  some  _ 
etc.,  understood. 

.f  fhPT^eiks  of  Mens  Esquilinus, 
3    Mons  Cispiua  was  one  of  the  pe.iKs  oi 

on  the  E.  of  the  Forum.  •.,.,,,, jtive  verbs,   especially 

suheuntes  montem.      ^Ian>   "^^ransm         ^^^^^^^^  f      « 

verbs   of   motion,  ^Jl^'^^:^^,  chiefly  prepositions 
by  being  compounded  ^^^th  V^^V 


KOTKS. 


69 


which  covern  an  ace,  e.g.  adire,  rlrcvmvfmre,  adsiare, 
fulhqni,  oppvrjnarc,  etc.  But  many  of  these  compounds 
covern  a  dative,  instead  of,  or  as  well  as,  an  accusative  e.g. 
adlahU  succedere.  Some  verbs  compounded  with  prepositions 
which  govern  an  ablative  take  an  accusative,  e.g.  conveim'e, 
expiKjuarc,  etc. 

4  Insulam.  InsvJa  was  a  house  for  poor  people,  let  out  in 
rooms  or  Hats  to  several  families  ;  as  opposed  to  dormu^  the 
large  mansion  of  a  single  wealthy  family. 

multis  ...  editam,  built  to  a  great  height  with  many  floors. 
7.  magni,   nominative,    'the   profits   of   city  property  are 
great. ' 

8  si  quid  remedii.  For  the  gen.  cf.  /(/  (empon^  xviii.  /. 
note,  •  if  any  remedy  could  have  been  found  to  prevent  houses 
burning  so  constantly  at  Rome,  I  would  have  sold  .... 

10  venum  dedissem.  Vemim  (neuter)  is  only  found  in  the 
classical  period  in  the  ace.  sing.,  but  Tacitus  u.ses  7-e?<o,  and 
still  later  writers  vcuvi.  Vemim  do-oitcn  written  as  one 
word,  vemmdo,  contracted  into  rendo-h'l  give  for  sale  ; 
vnium  eo-often  written  remo-is  '  I  am  for  sale,  l^or  the 
ace.  cf.  peM.-<imi  dare,  *  I  give  to  destruction,  and  ;7€.s-.s«;»  we, 
•  I  go  to  destruction. ' 

12.  annalem  undevlcenslmum,  '  the  nineteenth  book  of  the 
history  (annals)  of  Q.  Claudius  ...  .' 

13.  Mitridati,  genitive ;  cf.  Oresti,  xxxi.  6.  note. 

14.  defenderes,  subj.  after  the  dependent  interrogative  ^wo. 
15    L   Cornelius  Sulla,  surnamed  Felix,  was  born  in  1.S8  and 

died*78  B  c.     He  first  distinguished  himself  in  Africa,  wlieji 
servinf^  under  Marius  in  tlie  campaign  against  Jugurtha  (10/- 
106)    °In  88  he  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  the  war 
against  Mitridates,  but  Marius,  eager  to  obtain  this  for  him- 
Belf   "ot  a  new  law  passed  transferring  the  command  to  him- 
self' °  Sulla  thereupon  marched  upon  Rome  with  his  troops, 
and  Marius  fled,  only  to  return  and  deluge  the  streets  of 
Rome  with  blood,   when  his  rival  had  sailed  for  the  East 
The  siege  of  Athens  here  referred  to  took  place  in  8b  :  in  »cJ 
Sulla  returned  to  Rome,  and  quickly  overthrew  the  i^mains 
of  the  Marian  party,  Marius  having  died  in  8G.     In  81  Sulla 
was  appointed  Dictator.     He  devoted  two  years  to  reforming 
tlie  State,  and  restoring  the  power  of  the  senate  and  aristo- 


70 


NOTES. 


cracy.    and   then   retired   into  private   life   m    79.     In    the 
following  year  he  died. 

Piraeum.      Piraeus,  Munychia,   and    Phalerum   were   the 
three  harbours  of  Athens. 

XXXV. 

1.  Arion.     This  story  about  Arion  comes  ^^l?  ^\he  Oroek 

historian  Herodotus.  Perlander  7^^'  f>:^"\.,;  ^^^'^"^e 
from  G2.-)  to  :^o  u.c.  Like  most  of  the  Greek  tyrants  ne 
was  a  patrcm  of  art  and  literature. 

nobilis  is  common  in  the  sense  of  '  fjxmous  '  as  well  as  m 
its  technical  use  of  one  whose  ancestors  had  held  curule  olhce. 

Methymnaeus.  Methymna  was  a  town  at  the  northern 
extremity  of  Lesbos. 

5  viseret,  the  imperf.  suhj.,  because  prqfici.sahir  is  the 
.  M;t^fcal  present '  standing  for  a  past  tense.  Cf .  xxi.  12.  note. 

8.  ut  notiores,  *  as  better  known  ...  .' 

10.  in  altum,  '  the  deep  sea.' 

11.  de  necando  Arione,  gerundial  attraction,     tf.  xni.   /. 

"""^l    carmen       orthium,   Greek  vdnos  6p^tos,  lit.   the  loud, 
high'song,  was  the  name  for  a  shrill,  stirring  air. 

XXXVI. 

2.  cursum  . . .  tenuenint,  '  held  on  their  course. » 

4.  fluitanti  sese  homini  subdidit,  '  placed  itself  under  the 

floatiiii?  man.'  .it- 

>;  incolumlque  corpore  et  omatu,  al.l.  ol.sol  ,  '  carric.l  lum 
t.,  l-u7(°  "va-^)  at  Taenarum,  in  the  country  of  Lacon.a  w  th 
hoa'y  anJ  clothes  unharn.ea.'     Ta^mrum  is  the  ace.  of    place 

whither.'  .    ,     ..i      i      i  ^e 

m  terram  Laconicam,  lit.   *  to  Taenarum  into  the  land  of 

Lacoma-^     8o  '  he  set  out  fur  Carthage  in  Africa    is  ^  proj.dus 

est  Carthct'/mem  in  Afriram:  ^     ,,     ^  w     f 

6.  Taenarum  was  a  promontory  and  town  in  the  b.W.  ot 
Laconia,  now  Cape  Matapan.  ^,     ^      ,  i 

7.  devexit,  'carried  down,^  i.e.  to  land.     The  Greeks  and 


yOTES. 


71 


not  expecting  him,  in  tne  same  b^"'^  v     ,      ' 
in  {qualis)  (when)  carried  on  the  dolphin. 

quasi  falleret.     CL  qna.i  de, si pcret,  xv.  C..  note. 

?2.  disslmulanter,  secretly,  hiding  ^^^-fl^^i:;:^ZZr 

6i7nido  is  expressed  in  the  pentameter-  ^^ 

«•  Quod  non  es  simnlas,  di.ssinuda.^'ine  quod  (^s        ^ 
.  you  pretend  w^hat  you  are  not,  and  hide  what  you  are         ^ 
13    audissent,  subj.  after  the  dept.  interrogative    ccqmd 
unde  venissent,  subj.   because    a    dept.    sentence  m  the 
interroqatio  obliqua,  after  intcrroqarK. 

1 1    L  infitias    '  to  deny  '     For  the  phrase,  cf.  ire  exeqma^, 
18.  ire  infitias,    to  aeny.  i         phrases  must  be 

Ho  attend  a  funeral.      ihe  acc^^^^^^^  ^^^^^  ^  ^^^ 

compared  with  the     ace.  oi  pi  ^  ^^^^ 

"^'''"''^  ^Tx^^^ss^n^pos  ':ftr^;  Tb  of  motion,  e.g. 
Sr;r!vL«,,:,sTmS,.«  ..0  (Horace),  '  Maecenas  goes  to 
play,  I  to  sleep.^  _  introduces  the  substantival 

.ir%:rt^'.  r .«;'  wJl^S,  U  the  subiect  of  e. 
21.  delphinus  and  homo  are  in  opposition  with  .imidaaa. 

XXXVII. 

1    ruris  colendl  insolens.    'ignorant  of  agriculture.'     For 
the  L^erundial  attraction,  cf.  xui.  1.  note. 

3  qui  .  sclret,  'since  he  knew  ,'  the  rclaUve  «hcn 
useh  ?n  a  causal  sense  governs  the  subjunctive. 

10.  faceret,  snbj.  after  the  .lept.  .nterrogat.ve  cur ,  he 
imked  why  he  was  making  ....  ,      -.i 

n  CTatlas  agens.  The  plural  </r«^««  is  always  used  w.Hr 
Jle  bJt'ltttr  refirre,  Uere  sentire,  etc.,  the  singular, 
i,ra(ia»i,  is  most  commonly  found. 

15.  imperltus  goes  closely  with  detnmcM.     In  English  we 


72 


NOTES. 


shoukl  use  the  adverb,  '  ignorantly  (or,  in  his  ignorance)  cuts 
the  tops  off — ' 

vites  suas  slbl  omnes  et  oleas,  'all  the  vines  and  ohvos 
that  he  possessed." 

IS  pomis  gignendis  felicia,  lit.  all  the  twigs /productive 
for  bearing  fniit."  i..  'all  the  fruit-beanng  twigs.  Povm 
r,v,uendh  is  the  dative  after ///c/a.  For  the  gerundiNC  at- 
traction cf.  xiii.  1.  note.  ^ 

feUcia      The  root  of  fVIix  is  the  same  as  the  root  oijcrnwlu^ 
(fruitful),  fcfv.  (offspring),  etc.     Hence  the  earliest  meaning 
of  fclix  is  fruit-bearing  :  in  this  sense  it  is  used  in  Lucretius 
Ovid,  Livy,  etc.,  and  the  adverb /.//Viu-s  in  \erg.  {htc  settles, 
illic  veniunt  felicius  urae.—Georg.  i.  54.) 

XXXVIIT. 

1.  Mitridates  VI.,  king  of  Pontus.  120-03  ^.c.,  was  the 
most  powerful  foe  whom  the  Romans  encountered  in  the  hast. 
The  first  xMitridatic  war  was  brought  to  a  successtul  con^ 
elusion  by  Sulla  in  84  r..r.  ;  the  second  83-82  k.(.,  was 
uneventful;  the  third,  74-03  bc,  in  which  l'-n!l-»"«  '[j^^ 
tinguished  himself,  ended  in  the  flight  and  suicide  of  the 
king,  as  described  in  line  8. 

2  quorum  ...  cavebat,  'by  the  continual  use  of  which  ho 
protected  himself  from  secret  attempts  at  banquets  ;  iimlartun 
is  a  descriptive  genitive  depending  on  iiis„(,i'<. 

3.  quin  ...  est.  Cf.  quia  quoqiw,  xxxii.  15.  note,  'nay,  he 
even  . . .  . ' 

ostentandi  gratia,  '  to  show  off.' 

0  in  ultima  regni, '  to  the  most  distant  parts  of  his  kingdom, 
q  Q  Ennius  ('230-109  r..('.),  though  a  Greek  by  birth,  spent 
hi; "life  at  Uome,  and  was  regarde.l  by  the  l^^'^'^^V?  ^«  ^^^^^^ 
father  of  their  poetry,  alt.r  Jlomervs  (Horace).  His  most 
important  work  was  the  Animh.,  an  epic  poem  upon  the 
history  of  Rome.     Only  a  few  fragments  of  his  writings  base 

reached  us.  ,        i     i-      i  • 

10.  Osce.     The  Osci  were  a  primitive  people  who  lived  in 

Campania. 

14.  lingua  locutus  est,  'he  spoke  in  the  tongue  and  Ian- 
guage  of  each  as  skilfully  as  if  he  ha.l  been  of  that  nation. 


i 


XXXIX. 

1    eloquentiae    discendae    causarumque    orandi    cupidus, 
lit    '  was  anxious  to  learn  eloquence  and  to  plead  causes. 

?iTn   or  tlTc  ordinary  ace.  after  tl,e  gerun,!)  is  very  rare  •  In  t 

'  we  hail'the  power  of  choosing  examples. 

.  ...  „..,n„am  sese  dedlt,  '  entered  himself  as  a  pupil  ot 
rrr  "S^rKavrhLtlf  io  the  teaching  of  Protagora. 

'\  Protaeoras  of  Abdcra,  in  Thrace,  was  born  about  480  b  c. 
»nd  di"1?rro.,.  He  came  to  Athens  |;ej-e  the  year  4U 

So::;;Herth'o' e!:nlnU^^a  ^^^,^^  -ght  for 
^^^^'  «     .fn        Tho    order    \s-promisU    sc.    dnfnnim 

''T'Z' vrimo  die    'on  the  first  day  on  which  he  pleaded 

Ji  Zl  ^^""c       ihe  antecedent  ;,W,»o  '{-.'l^^^^^'^^f^ 

?he  relative  clauses,  a  common  construct.on  ..  Latm.  Cf.  xxx  2^ 

8.  causas  ...  reclperet,  'did  not  underUke  cases,  ,...  tuke 

^to"  mem  contestatur  is  the  technical  phrase  for  setting 
a  iuit  m,  foot  by  call.ng  witnesses;  'he  brings  an  action 
against  Kuathlus.'  , 

17  ex  sententia,    in   accordance  with   the   votes  of    tie 
3,aies       '"/.a'    is   an   expressed    opinion,    hence    our 

'  sentence.'  ^ 

18  secundum  te,  '  in  your  favour. 

24'.  pro  causa  mea  senserint,  '  shall  have  pronounced  in 
my  favour.' 

XL. 

V   oifiTin      Pf  ix    1      Note  the  use  of 
1    proelium  Cannensfe,  210  b.c.     Ct.  ix.  i.    ly   l 

the  adjective,  where  we  use  a  subst.  and  prep.,     the  battle 
Cannae.' 


74 


NOTES. 


o  electos  misit,  '  sent  to  Rome  ten  men  chosen  out  of  our 
captivls!  r.-.-'Telec'tedtenof  our  captives  and  sent  them  to 
Rome.'     Cp.  xxi.  3.  note.  , 

3  videretur,  '  if  it  seemed  good  to  the  Roman  people. 

4  auGS  alteri  plures  acciperent,  'whom  the  ?ne  side 
receiN^^l  more  (than  the  other)'  ;  vlure.  ^s  ace.  quahfying  g.o.. 

5.  argenti,  etc.,  'a  pound  and  a  half  of  silver  by  weight.    ^ 

6    hoc  iusiurandum  eos  adegit,  '  bound  them  by  this  oath 

*  to  bind  a  man  by  an  oath,' was  more  common 

19    T^ostUminio  M.vtherightof/;o.s/;/m/»t«m.    Poxthmmxum 
is  ^'thrrt™of  ri',hts  b/a  person  returned   r.n  cap  mty 
L  fhP  rppovei-v  of  rights  over  a  person  or  thing  recovered 
?  ...  hostile  Jssession  ^'  (Poste's  Gaiw^,  §  129),  since  a  man 

poH  from  the  same  root  as  potv.ta.  and  pox>^es.io.    ^ 
liberates  religione,  '  freed  from  their  obligation 

""''04    censores       Two  censors  were  elected  every  five  years 

irEus  .:£,;  t  z  St  <^^ 

were  ^i;  tu   i.  ^vpivise  a  supervision  over  the 

and  f'-^  PJ^P-*j^  •„  -Ur;u  u^^^^  by   the  no>a 

^:r:ri.:an!r,i:^'arthe,n  i./vanous  way.  The  co„se<iuence 
of  the  nota  was  ijuominia. 


EXERCISES 


TO  BE  TRANSLATED  INTO  LATIN. 


[The  words  in  brackets  are  not  to  be  translated.] 


I. 

1.  Vergil  used  to  produce  his  verses  like  a  bear. 

2.  The  verses  of  Vergil  were  at  first  rough  and  un- 

finished. 

3.  He  used  to  polish  and  correct  his  rough  verses  like 

a  bear. 

4.  That  animal  by  licking  gives  features  to  its  shape- 

less offspring. 

5.  All  the  verses  of  Vergil  were  afterwards  polished 

and  corrected. 

6.  The  oftspring  of  that  animal  is  at  first  rough  and 

shapeless. 

7.  It  ])roduces  a  shapeless  offspring,  but  afterwards 

licks  and  forms  it. 
8    The  rough  verses  were  polished  and  corrected  by 
VergU,  as  (its)  offspring  is  licked  and  formed  by 
that  animal. 

75 


76 


EXEUCISES. 
II. 


1   Philvmon  was  an   author   by  no  means  equal  to 

,.I)o^::^Mush,  whenever  you  a^^^^ 

contests  *?  i»r         j,»^ 

3    Philemon  .lid  not  blush  when  ho  met  Menander 

4.  PhLon  often  defeated  Men.nder  .n  those  con- 

tests 

5.  Menander  will  meet  Philemon  by  ^l^'^'  ^^ 

6.  Menander,  a  writer  of  comed.es,  defeated  Phdemon 

bv  bribery.  i 

7    MenLder  and  Philemon  were  by  no  moans  equal. 
8.  How  do  you  defeat  me  in  these  contests] 

III. 

1.  A  wonderful  thing  is  told  by  Plutarch  about  the 

2   Grirt  weights  were  placed  by  the  ,.bilosophet.  on 

the  stem  of  that  palm  tree. 
3.  The  tree  will  not  Jield,  but  wUl  r.se  agamst  the 

crreat  weight.  . 

4  Th:y  have  made  the  palm  the  emblem  of  victory. 

5  Why  is  this  tree  an  emblem  of  victory  m  battle 

6  Til;  stem  of  the  tree  wa.  not  bent  by  the  we.gbts 

;.  PhlloireU  many  wonderful  tales  about  ibis 

8.  ThLTree  was  made  by  the  Greeks  the  emblem  of 
victory. 


EXERCISES.  ' ' 

IV. 

1    Tt  is  sai.l  that  Xanthippe  was  the  wife  of  Socrates 

.  .JZt^f^^^  -^-I-d  wife,  Xanthippe 

3    Held  not'drive  his  quarrelsome  wife  from  home. 
4:  r  can   bear  the  impertinence  of  the  others  more 

5   Thl'wifc  of  Socrates  was  very  quarrelsome  both 
C   Th^^ilVScrates  wondered  at  his  bad-tem- 

,    WhThaV;t  quarrelsome  and  bad-tempered  wife 
„ot  been  driven  from  home? 

sopher. 

V. 

1.  Voluntary  labours  used  to  strengthen  the  body  of 

Socrates, 
o    He  used  to  stand  day  and  night  motionless. 

3.  Socries   lived  in   perfect  health   for   almost  lus 

whole  life.  ,    .  ,  fV,n 

4.  A    plague  ravaged  Jhe  city  of  Athens    lu    the 

5    Soc^rlleskeirtT^  Wily  vigour  during  the  plague 

which  ravaged  Athens. 
C.  He   used  to  stand  with  his  eyes  duected  to  the 

same  place. 


78 


EXERCISES. 


7.  Socrates  bore  very  many  labours   to   strengthen 

his  body. 

8.  He  directed  his  eyes  to  the  same  place  from  one 

sunrise  to  the  next  sunrise. 


VI. 

1.  King   Alexander  had   a   wonderful    horse    called 

Bucephalas. 

2.  No  one,  except  King  Alexander,  could  mount  this 

horse. 

3.  The  king,  seated  on  this  horse,  performed  many 

brave  deeds  in  the  Indian  war. 

4.  Darts  were  thrown  from  all  sides  at  King  Alex- 

ander. 

5.  The  king  was  carried  back  at  full  speed  by  the 

dying  horse  from  the  middle  of  the  battle. 

6.  A  town,  called  Bucephalon,  was  built  by  Alexander 

in  that  place. 

7.  The  horse  was  pierced  by  many  wounds  and  fell 

down  almost  lifeless. 

8.  Alexander  built  a  town  in  India,  which  he  called 

Bucephalon    in  honour  of  his  wonderful  horse 
Bucephalas. 


VII. 

1.  Alcibiades  w^as  educated  by  his  uncle  Pericles. 

2.  A  flute-player  endeavoured  to  teach  Alcibiades  to 

play  the  flute. 

3.  The  flute  was  handed  to  Alcibiades  l)y  his  master. 


EXERCISES. 


79 


4.  The  flute  was  thrown  away  and  broken  by  the  boy 

Alcibiades. 

5.  The   Athenians  imanimously   ceased  to  play  the 

flute. 

6.  The  uncle  caused  the  boy  to  be  taught  to  play  the 

flute. 

7.  The  wise  uncle  caused  many  masters  to  be  sum 

moned. 
8    Flute-playing    was    formerly   considered    by   the 
Athenians  a  most  honourable  accomplishment. 

VIII. 

1.  The  Samnites  sent  ambassadors  to  C.  Fabricius, 

the  Roman  general. 

2.  They  off"ered  the  Roman  general  a  large  sum  ot 

money  as  a  gift. 

3.  Many  things  were  lacking  to  the  magnificence  ot 

his  home. 
4    Fabricius  could  control  his  eyes,  mouth  and  ears. 
5.  Fabricius  was  unwilling  to  receive  the  money  from 

the  Samnites. 
6    The  Samnites  know  (how)  to  use  the  money. 

7.  Fabricius  did  many  things  for  the  Samnites  after 

peace  had  been  made. 

8.  The   Roman   general   was   unwilling   to   use   the 

Samnite  money. 

IX. 

1    The  king  had  collected  his  forces  on  the  plain. 
2.  King  Antiochus  was  about  to  make  war   on   his 
enemies,  the  Roman  people. 


80 


EXERCISES. 


3.  The  army  of  the  king  was  glittering  with  gold  and 

silver  trappings. 

4.  He  manoeuvred  his  chariots,  cavalry  and  elephants. 

5.  These    things    will    be    enough    for    the   greedy 

Komans. 

6.  Many  elephants  had  been  collected  by  Antiochus.  ^ 

7.  Hannibal  jeered  at  the  cowardice  of  Antiochus' 

soldiers. 

8.  The  king  had  collected  chariots  with  sickles  and 

elephants  with  turrets. 

X. 

1.  The  death  of  Milo  was  wonderful  and  pitiable. 

2.  Athletics    were    abandoned    by  Milo  (when)  ad- 

vanced  in  age. 

3.  A  large  oak  was  standing  near  the  road. 

4.  He  thrust  his  fingers  into  the  hollows  of  the  tree. 

5.  Milo  endeavoured  with  his  fingers  to  tear  open  the 

oak. 

6.  The  tree  returned  to  its  natural  position  and  shut 

in  his  hands. 

7.  The  man  was  torn  to  pieces  by  wild  beasts. 

8.  The  oak  was  torn  open  by  the  hands  of  Milo. 


XI. 

1.  The  Koman  senators  used  to  enter  the  senate-house 

with  their  sons. 

2.  The  senators  were  consulting  about  a  very  impor- 

tant matter. 


EXERCISES. 


81 


3.  No  one  spoke  about  the  matter,  (which  had  been) 

adjourned  to  the  next  day. 

4.  The  mother  of  the  boy  Papirius  was  very  anxious 

to  hear  the  matter. 

5.  It  is  advantageous  to  the  state  for  one  man  to  have 

two  wives. 

6.  The  boy  was  unwilling  to  tell  his  mother  those 

Tnitters 

7.  In  that  city  one  woman  was  not  married  to  two 

men.  ,, 

8.  I  must  bo  silent,  for  I  am  not  allowed  to  tell  you 

this. 


XII. 

1.  On  hearing  this  she  betook  herself  in  alarm  to  the 

other  women. 

2.  Next  day  a  crowd  of  women  came  to  the  senate- 

house. 

3.  What  is  this  crowd  of  women,  and  what  do  these 

demands  meani 

4.  The  boy  advances  into  the  middle  of  the  senate- 

house  and  says  these  tlungs. 

5.  Afterwards  no  boy  entered  the  senate-house  except 

Papirius. 

6.  The  name  (of)  "Practextatus"  was  given  to  the 

7    TheTomen  were  frightened  and  surrounded  the 

senate-house  weeping  and  praying. 
8.  The  senators  wondered,  when  they  saw  the  crowd 

of  matrons. 

F 


82 


EXERCISES, 


EXERCISES 


83 


XIII. 

1.  Sertorius  was  an  energetic  general,  ski  Hod  in  com- 

manding an  army. 

2.  In  times  of  difficulty  he  used  to  pretend  dreams 

and  tell  lies  to  the  soldiers. 

3.  A  certain  man  gave  Sertorius  a  white  doe  of  re- 

markable beauty. 

4.  This  doe  has  been  presented  to  me  by  heaven. 

5.  The  doe  used  to  converse  with  Sertorius  and  ad- 

vise him. 
G.  He  announced  that  the  doe  had  given  him  this 
advice. 

7.  The  soldiers  willingly  obeyed  Sertorius  as  if  (he 

were)  a  god. 

8.  The  doe,  which  had  been  given  him  as  a  gift,  was 

of  remarkable  beauty  and  extraordinary  speed. 

XIV. 

1.  The  doe,  alarmed  by  an  inroad  of  the  enemy,  took 

to  flight. 

2.  The  doe  one  day  hid  in  a  neighbouring  marsh,  and 

was  searched  for  in  vain. 

3.  It  was  believed  that  Sertorius'  doe  had  perished. 

4.  Sertorius  ordered  the  man,  who  found  the  doe,  to 

be  silent. 

5.  The  doe  appeared  to  me  in  the  middle  of  the  night 

and  foretold  what  must  be  done. 

6.  The  doe  was  suddenly  let  loose  into  the  room,  in 

which  Sertorius  and  his  friends  were  sittiuiij. 


\ 


7.  The  credulity  of  these  barbarians  was  very  useful 

to  the  general. 

8.  No  one  deserted  Sertorius,  though  he  was  often 

conquered. 


XV. 


1.  An  old  woman  brought  nine  books  to  King  Tarquin. 

2.  She  said  that  she  wished  to  sell  the  books,  which 

she  had  brought. 

3.  The  woman  demanded  an  immense  (sum  of)  money, 

and  therefore  the  king  laughed. 

4.  Three  out  of  the  nine  books  were  burnt  before  the 

king's  face. 

5.  The  king  said  that  the  old  woman  was  certainly 

mad. 

6.  She  sold  these  books  for  the  same  price  that  she 

had  demanded  for  all. 

7.  Tarquin    at    first   despised   the   old   woman,   but 

afterwards  bought  the  three  remaining  books. 

8.  The  books,  which  this  old  woman  sold  to  Tarquin, 

are  called  the  Sibylline  (books). 


XVI. 

1.  Scipio  Africanus  did  not  receive  money  from  King 

Antiochus. 

2.  Scipio  made  peace  with  Antiochus  on  favourable 

terms. 

3.  Many   charges   were   made  against  Scipio  by  M. 

Naevius. 


I 


84  EXERCISES. 

4    This  is  the  day  on  which  Scipio  conquered  Hanni- 
bal in  a  very  great  l)attle  in  Africa. 

5.  This  victory  of  Scipio  in  the  land  of  Africa  was 

very  famous. 

6.  They  went  to  the  Capitol,  to  give  thanks  to  Ju- 

piter. .  . 

7    The  assembly  did  not  pass  sentence  on  bcipio.     ^ 
8.  They  all  followed  Scipio  to  his  house  with  rejoic- 
ing's and  congratulations. 

XVII. 

1.  Cato,  Scipio's  enemy,  won  over  a  certain  tribune, 

named  Petilius. 

2.  He  was  unwilling  to  give  an  account  of  the  money 

and  spoil  to  the  senate. 

3  Scipio  produced  a  book,  in  which  was  written  an 

account  of  the  money  and  the  spoil. 

4  He  tore  the  book  to  pieces  with  his  own  hands 

5.  The  safety  of  the  state  ought  to  be  ascribed  to 

Scipio. 

6.  He  rose  and  produced  a  book,  in  which  were  the 

accounts. 

7  I  will  not  read  the   accounts   to   you,  for   1  am 

unwilling  to  insult  myself 

8  Scipio  had  taken   much  money  and  spoil  in  the 

war    against    Antiochus,  and  had   written   an 
account  of  it  in  a  book. 

XVIII. 
1.  Old  writers  have  told  many  (tales)  about  the  life 
and  deeds  of  Africanus. 


EXERCISES. 


85 


2.  Before  dawn  Scipio  used  to  go  to  the  temple  of 

Jupiter. 

3.  The  dogs  did  not  attack  Scipio  as  he  went  to  the 

Capitol. 

4.  The  attendants  of  the  temple  wondered  that  the 

dogs  did  not  bark  at  Scipio. 

5.  Scipio  was  attacking  a  very  strong  town,  situated 

in  Spain. 

6.  There  was  small  hope  of  taking  this  strong  town. 

7.  He  ordered  bail  to  be  given  by  the  soldier  for 

(his  appearance  on)  the  third  day. 

8.  Scipio  stretched   out  his  hand  towards  the  town, 

which  he  was  attacking. 

XIX. 

1.  The  man  must  be  condemned  by  the  law. 

2.  I  consulted  about  the  life  of  my  friend  with  the 

judges. 

3.  I  persuaded  the  other  judges  to  acquit  my  friend. 

4.  He  silently  gave  his  vote  for  condemning  the  man. 

5.  The  duty  of  a  friend  and  of  a  judge  was  thus  safe. 

6.  He  consulted  with  himself  about  the  life  of  his 

friend. 

7.  Two  out  of  the  three  judges  acquitted  my  friend. 

8.  It  is  the  duty  of  a  judge  to  condemn  a  man,  who 

ou'dit  by  the  law  to  be  condemned. 

XX. 

1.  A  certain  young  man  was  very  fond  of  old  words. 

2.  In  his  daily  conversations  he  used  old-fashioned 

expressions. 


8G 


EXERCISES. 


3.  The  Pelasgi  were  the  first  wlio  inhabited  Italy. 

4.  He  used  old-fashioned  words,  as  though  he  were 

talking  with  the  mother  of  Evander. 

5.  He  did  not  wish  any  one  to  understand  what  he 

said. 

6.  You  ought  to  be  silent,  and  thus  you  would  gain 

what  you  wish  for. 

7.  You  ought  to  use  modern  expressions,  if  you  wish 

to  be  understood. 

8.  I  love  the  old  Aurimci,  for  they  were  honourable 

and  good. 


XXI. 

1.  Titus  Manlins  took  a  necklace  from  an   enemy, 

whom  he  had  killed. 

2.  He  was  named  Torquatus  in  honour  of  a  necklace, 

which  he  had  taken  from  an  enemy. 

3.  A  certain  Gaul  advanced  with  a  shield  and  two 

swords. 

4.  A   Gaul   advanced,    who   surpassed  the   other  in 

height  and  strength. 

5.  He  beckoned  with  his  hand,  and  cried  with  a  very 

loud  voice. 

6.  The  others  dared  not  fight  against  this  enemy,  on 

account  of  his  dreadful  aj)pearance. 

7.  The  barbarian  began  to  jeer  at  them,  because  no 

one  dared  to  advance. 

8.  T.  Manlius  was  grieved  that  the  others  dared  not 

fight  against  the  Gaul. 


EXERCISES. 
XXII. 


87 


I 


1  The  two  soldiers,  the  Roman  and  the  Gaul,  fought 

on  the  bridge  in  the  sight  of  both  armies. 

2  Manlius  trusted  in  his  courage,  the   Gaul  in  his 

skill. 

3.  The  enemy's  shield  was  struck  again  by  Manlms. 

4.  Manlius   wounded   the   Gaul's   shoulder   with  his 

Spanish  sword. 

5.  The  Koman  threw  his  enemy  down  and  cut  off  his 

head. 

6.  The  bloodstained  necklace  was  taken  from  the  neck 

of  the  Gaul  by  Manlius. 
7    The  son  of  Manlius   killed  an   enemy,  who  had 

challenged  him,  although  he  had  been  forbidden 

to  fight  by  his  father. 
8.  Harsh    commands  are   called    ''Manlian,''  because 

this  Manlius  beheaded  his  own  son. 

XXIII. 

1.  The  consul  drew   up  the  Roman  lines  facing  the 

vast  forces  of  the  Gauls. 

2.  The  arms  of  the  Gallic  leader  shone  with  gold. 

3.  The  Gaul,  a  man  of  enormous  height,  advanced 

shaking  his  spear. 

4.  lie  haughtily  ordered  any  Roman  to  come,  who 

dared  to  fight  against  him. 

5.  Whilst  the  others  were  wavering  between  shame 

and  fear,  Valerius  advanced  boldly  against  the 
enemy. 

6.  A  raven  suddenly  attacked  the  eyes  of  the  Gaul. 


88 


EXERCISES. 


7.  The  raven,  having  torn  the  hnnds^  and  face  of  the 

Gaul,  perched  on  the  head  of  Valenus. 

8.  Thus,  helped  bv  the  bird,  he  killed  his  enemy,  and 

in  honour  of  the  victory  was  named  Corvinus. 

XXIV. 

1.  Aesop,  who  lived   in   Phrygia,    was   a   very  wise 

writer  of  faV)les. 

2.  He  invented  amusing  stories,  and  thus  gave  useful 

advice. 

3.  Philosophers  give  useful  advice,  but  what  they  say 

is  not  amusing. 

4.  Aesop  invented  an  amusing  story  about  a  lark. 

5.  This  fable  about  the  lark  warned  men  that  their 

hopes  ought  to  be  placed  in  themselves. 

6.  Q.  f:nnius  composed  many  verses  about  this  story 

of  Aesop. 

7.  This  is  a  proof  that  our  confidence  ought  to  be 

placed  in  ourselves. 
8    It  is  the  custom  with  philosophers  to  give  useful 
advice,  with  writers  of  fables  amusing  advice. 

XXV. 

1.  It  is  said  that  a  lark  built  in  the  com. 

2.  The  corn  was  ripening  when  the  young  ones  were 

unfledged. 

3.  The  lark  went  to  search   for   food,    and  left  her 

young  ones  in  the  nest. 

4.  If  anything   unusual  happens,   said   she,   tell  me 

when  I  return  home. 


EXERCISES. 


89 


5.  The  young  ones  saw  the  owner  of  the  crops  calling 

his  son. 
G.  The  owner's  friends  were  unwilling  to  assist  him  in 

the  harvest. 

7.  Make  haste,  mother,  and  carry  us  to  another  nest. 

8.  The  lark  said  that  it  was  not  necessary  to  take  her 

young  ones  to  another  home. 

XXVI. 

1.  When   the   mother   had   flown  to  seek  food,  the 

owner  returned  to  the  field  with  his  son. 

2.  He  told  his  son  that  the  friends  were  loiterers,  for 

they  had  not  come. 

3.  Let  us  go,  said  he,  and  ask  our  relations  to  help  us 

to-morrow. 

4.  The  young  ones  told  their  mother  that  the  master 

had  sent  for  his  relations. 

5.  The  master  said  that  he  would  himself  reap  the 

corn  with  his  sickle. 

6.  The  relations  neglected  to  come,  and  so  the  master 

and  his  son  themselves  reaped  the  corn. 

7.  The  mother  said  that  it  was  time  to  go ;   for  what 

he  had  ordered  would  now  be  done. 

8.  The  matter  now  depends  on  the  master  himself, 

not  on  his  friends. 

XXVII. 

1.  Pyrrhus  fought  many  battles  with  success  in  the 

land  of  Italy. 

2.  Timochares,  a  friend  of  Pyrrhus,  wished  to  kill  the 

king  by  poison. 


90 


EXERCISES. 


3.  If  we  agree  about  tlie  reward,  I  promise  to  kill  the 

king  by  poison. 

4.  My  son  is  the  king's  cup-bearer,  and  so  he  will 

easily  be  able  to  giv^e  poison  to  the  king. 

5.  Fabricius  wrote  to  the  Koman  Senate,  that  Timo- 

chares  wished  to  kill  King  Pyrrhus  by  poison. 

6.  The  Senate  advised  the  king  to  act  more  cautiously. 

7.  Your  friends  wish  to  kill  you  by  poison  ;  therefore 

it  is  necessary  to  act  very  cautiously. 

8.  The  king  wrote   to  the  Roman  Senate,  thanking 

and  praising  them,  and  restored  all  the  prison- 
ers whom  he  had  taken. 


XXVIII. 

1.  A  lion  of  enormous  size  was  brought  into  the  circus. 

2.  Many  slaves  had  been  given  by  their  masters  to 

fight  wild  beasts. 

3.  An  enormous  and  terrible  lion  attracted  the  atten- 

tion of  all  by  its  roaring. 

4.  It  is  said  that  the  lion,  seeing  Androclus,  sud<lenly 

stood  still. 

5.  It  is  said  that  the  lion  wagged  its  tail  like  a  dog, 

and  licked  the  man's  hands. 

6.  The  slave  recovered  his  lost  courage  and  turned 

his  eyes  on  the  lion. 

7.  You  might  have  seen  the  lion  licking  the  legs  and 

hands  of  the  slave. 

8.  A  mimic  hunt  was  given  in  the  circus,  for  which 

many  wild-beasts  had  been  sent  from  Africa. 


EXERCISES. 
XXIX. 


91 


1.  Loud  shouts  were  aroused  by  this  wonderful  sight. 

2.  Caesar  asked  why  the  lion  spared  Androclus  alone. 

3.  A  wonderful  and  marvellous  story  was  told  Caesar 

by  the  slave. 

4.  The  slave,  driven  to  flight  by  his  master's  daily 

blows,  took  refuge  in  the  desert. 

5.  At  mid-day  the  slave  hid  in  a  cave,  to  which  a  lion 

came. 

6.  An  enormous  lion  was  coming  to  the  cave,  with  one 

foot  lame,  groaning  and  sighing. 

7.  He  was  at  first  terrified  by  the  sight  of  the  lion, 

but  soon  recovered  his  courage. 
8    The  slave  pulled  a  large  thorn  out  of  the  lion's  foot ; 
the  lion  then  placed  its  foot  in  his  hands  and 
slept. 

XXX. 

1.  He  said  that  for  three  years  he  had  lived  in  the 

same  cave  as  the  lion. 

2.  I  used   to   cook   my  food   by   the   mid-day   sun, 

because  I  had  no  fire. 

3.  I  am  weary  of  this  wild-beast's  life,  and  I  will  leave 

the  cave. 

4.  His  master  arrested  him  and  sent  him  from  Africa 

to  Rome. 

5.  My  master  had  me  condemned  to  death  and  given 

to  the  wild-beasts  in  the  Circus. 

6.  The  lion,  after  I  was  separated  from  it,  was  taken 

and  sent  to  Rome. 


92  EXERCISES, 

7.  Androclus,   after  telling  this  wonderful  tale,  was 
pardoned  and  presented  with  the  lion. 

8  They  gave  money  to  the  slave  and  flowers  to  the 

lion,  which  had  been  the  host  of  the  man. 

XXXI. 

1.  Polus,  a  fomous  actor  in  Greece,  had  a  well-loved 
son. 

9  Polus  lost  his  son,  and  mourned  for  him  many  days. 
3    Polus  was  about  to  act  the  -Electra"  of  Sophocles, 

and  to  carry  the  bones  of  Orestes  m  his  hands. 
4.  Electra  carried  the  remains  of  her  brother  in  an 

urn,  and  wept  for  his  death. 
5    Electra,    the   sister   of  Orestes,    was    dressed    in 

mourning    and    carried    the    remains    of    her 

brother.  •    i  •.  • 

6.  She  took  the  urn  from  the  tomb  and  earned  it  in 

her  hands. 

7.  The  urn,    which  Electra  was  carrying,  had  been 

placed  in  a  tomb. 
8    Polus  carried  in  his  hands  the  remains  of  his  own 
son,  and  wept  for  his,  not  Orestes ,  death. 

XXXII. 

1.  It  is  said  that  ambassadors  came  from  Athens  to 

Miletus  to  ask  for  hell). 
2    They   pleaded   for   the   Milesians,    but    Demades 
'        replied  that  help  ought  not  to  be  given  to  them. 
3.  Demades  maintained  that  the  Milesians  were  not 
worthy  of  hell). 


EXERCISES. 


93 


4.  He  said  that  it  would  not  be  advantageous  to  the 

state  to  give  help. 

5.  It  is  said  that  Demades  received  from  the  Milesian 

aml)assadors  as  much  money  as  he  asked  for. 
6    I  am  suffering  from  an  inflamed -throat  and  there- 
fore I  cannot  oppose  the  Milesian  demands. 

7.  He  did  not  conceal  what  he  had  done,  but  said  he 

had  received  much  money. 

8.  You  received  three  talents  for  acting,  I  received 

more  for  being  silent. 

XXXIII. 

1.  Cicero  wished  to  buy  a  house  on  the  Palatine,  but 

had  no  money  at  the  time. 

2.  P.  Sulla  lent  Cicero  5,000,000  sesterces  secretly. 

3.  You  have  received,  said  they,  money  from  Sulla 

for  buying  a  house. 

4.  Cicero  afterwards  l)OUght  the  house  with  the  money 

which  he  had  received  from  Sulla. 

5.  I  said  that  I  did  not  wish  to  buy  that  house, 

because  I  was  a  cautious  father  of  a  family. 

6.  Cicero's  friends  reproached  him  with  this  lie. 

7.  Cicero  told  that  lie,  because  he  had  received  money 

from  a  defendant. 

8.  Cicero  wished  to  buy  that  house,  but  he  said  that 

he  did  not  wish  to  buy  it. 

XXXIV. 

1.  Many  friends  accompanied  Julianus  home. 

2.  A  block,  many  stories  high,  was  blazing. 


94 


EXERCISES, 


3.  He  said  that  property  in  the  city  gave  great  returns. 

4.  There  is  no  remedy  to  prevent  houses  at  Rome 

burning. 

5.  He  sold  all  his  country  property  and  bought  city 

property. 

6.  The   philosopher  said   that   alum   was    the    best 

remedy  for  fire. 

7.  A  wooden  tower,  which  had  been  built  to  defend 

the  city,  was  smeared  with  alum  by  Archelaus. 

8.  Q.  Claudius  says  that  this  tower,  smeared  with  alum, 

could  not  burn. 

XXXV. 

1.  Arion  of  Lesbos  lived  at  Corinth,  and  was  loved  by 

Periander. 

2.  Arion  went  to  Italy  and  charmed  the  ears  of  all  in 

that  land. 

3.  He  gained  much  money  by  playing,  and  afterwards 

wished  to  return  to  King  Periander  at  Corinth. 

4.  He  chose  a  Corinthian  ship,  because  he  thought 

the  sailors  would  be  more  friendly  to  him. 

5.  Arion  gave  all  his  money  to  the  sailors,  but  prayed 

them  to  spare  his  life. 

6.  The  sailors  ordered  Arion  to  spring  down  into  the 

sea,  in  order  that  they  might  take  possession  of 
his  money. 

7.  In  a  loud  voice  he  sang  this  song,  and  then  threw 

himself  into  the  sea. 

8.  He  took  his  lyre  in  his  hand  and,  standing  on  the 

stern,  began  to  sing  a  song. 


EXERCISES. 
XXXVI. 


95 


1 .  The  sailors  thought  that  Arion  had  perished  in  the 

sea,  and  held  on  their  course  to  Corinth. 

2.  It  is  said  that  a  dolphin  carried  the  man  safe  to 

Taenarum. 

3.  Arion  went  from  Taenarum  to  Corinth  and  related 

what  had  hai)pened  to  himself. 

4.  The  king  believed  that  Arion  was  deceiving  him, 

and  ordered  him  to  be  guarded  for  two  days. 

5.  The  king  ordered  the  sailors  to  be  sent  for,  and 

asked  them  if  they  had  heard  anything  about 
Arion. 

6.  The  sailors  told  the  king  that  Arion  was  living  in 

Italy. 

7.  Arion  stood  forth  before  the  astounded  sailors,  who 

thought  that  he  had  perished  in  the  sea. 

8.  At  Taenarum  two  bronze  figures  stand  as  a  proof 

of  this  tale. 

XXXVII. 

1.  A  certain  barbarian  bought  a  large  farm  planted 

with  olives  and  vines. 

2.  The  Thracian  saw  his  neighbour  pruning  his  trees. 

3.  He  asked  his  neighbour  why  he  pulled  up  the  vine 

suckers. 

4.  The  trees  of  his  neighbour  w^ere  more  fruitful  than 

his  own. 

5.  He  thanked  his  neighbour  and  went  home  rejoicing. 

6.  The  ignorant  Thracian  took  a  sickle,  and  began  to 

cut  off  the  most  luxuriant  foliage  of  the  trees. 


96 


EXERCISES. 


7.  He  cut  off  all  the  fruitful  twigs  of  the  apple-trees. 

8.  The  ignorant  man  thought  that  he  was  pruning 

his°trees,  as  his  neighbour  had  done. 

XXXVIII. 

1.  The  King  of  Pontus  was  very  skilled  in  medicine. 

2.  It  is  said  that  these  medicines  are  good  for  dissipa- 

ting poisons. 

3.  The  King  of  Pontus  for  his  whole  life  was  on  his 

guard  against  secret  treachery. 

4.  Mitridates  often  drank  poison  to  show  that  it  was 

harmless  to  him. 

5.  He  slew  himself  with  his  own  sword,  (after)  having 

in  vain  tried  the  strongest  poisons. 

6.  Ennius  could  speak  Greek,  Latin  and  Oscan,  and 

so  he  used  to  say  that  he  had  three  hearts. 

7  The  King  of  Pontus  knew  the  languages  of  all  the 
nations  under  his  dominion,  twenty-two  in 
number. 

8.  Mitridates  used  to  talk  with  the  men  of  ^  each 
nation,  whom  he  had  under  his  donnnion,  in  the 
language  of  that  nation,  and  not  through  an  inter- 
preter, 

XXXIX. 

I  He  ^ave  Protagoras  half  of  the  money  which  he 
asked  for,  and  promised  to  give  the  remaining 
half  afterwards. 

2.  I  will  give  you,  said  he,  the  remaining  half  on  the 

first  day  on  which  I  win  a  case. 

3.  He  was  a  pupil  of  Protagoras  for  a  long  while,  but 

did  not  undertake  any  case. 


EXERCISES. 


97 


4.  He  did  not  undertake  any  case,  in  order  to  avoid 

paying  the  rest  of  the  money. 

5.  Protagoras  thought  that  his  plan  for  gaining  the 

money  was  very  clever. 

6.  If  the  verdict  is  given  in  your  favour,*  it  will  be 

necessary  for  you  to  pay  me  the  money. 

7.  The  judges  left  the  matter  unsettled,  because  they 

did  not  know  what  sentence  they  ought  to  give. 

8.  The  wise  judges  adjourned  the  law-suit  to  a  very 

distant  day. 

XL. 

1.  Hannibal  chose  ten  prisoners  and  sent  them  to 

Konie. 

2.  He  wished  after  the  battle  of  Cannae  to  make  an 

exchange  of  prisoners  with  his  enemies. 

3.  The  Roman  prisoners  promised  with  an  oath  to 

return  to  Hannibal. 

4.  They  told  the  senators  what  Hannibal   had   said 

about  an  exchange  of  prisoners. 

5.  Their  relations  embraced  them  and  prayed  them 

with  tears  not  to  return  to  Hannibal. 
G.  Of  the  ten  prisoners  eight  returned  to  Hannibal, 
and  two  only  remained  at  liome. 

7.  The  two  prisoners,  who  remained  at  Rome,  were 

despised  by  all. 

8.  The  censors  branded  with  every  mark  of  infamy 

the   prisoners,  who  had   refused  to  return  to 
Hannibal. 

•  The  verdict  is  given  in  my  favour:  pronuntiatum  est  pro  me. 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 

The  parts  of  regular  verbs  are  not  (jiven. 
A  dot  occurriny  in  a  word  separates  the  parts  of  a  compound. 


A.  for  Aulus,  -i. 

a,  ab,  yn )).  yor.  ahl.,  from,  by. 

abeo,  -Ivi  or  -ii,  -itum,  -Ire, 
4  V.  «.,  I  go  away. 

ab'hinc,  adv.,  henceforward, 
since. 

abiicio,  -ieci,  -iectum,  3  v.  a., 
I  throw  away,  throw  from. 
(iilcio.) 

ablego,  i\  a.  1,  I  send  away. 

absolvo,-solvi,  -solutuui,oy. a., 
I  set  loose,  I  acqnit. 

abunde,  adv.,  abundantly,  suf- 
ficiently.  (ab'undo,  1  over- 
flow ;  cf .  nnda,  a  w  ave. ) 

ac,  conj.,  and. 

ac'cedo,  -ccssi,  -cessum,  3  v.  n., 
I  go  to,  I  approach .  (ad ,  cCdo. ) 

ac'cido  (or  adcldo),  -cldi,  no 
sup.,  3  V.  11.,  I  fall  to,  fall 
out,  happen,      (ad,  cido.) 

acies,  -ei, /.,  line-of-battle  (lit. 
sharp  edge),      (acer,  acus.) 

accipio,  -cepi,  -ceptum,  3  v.  a., 
I  receive,  learn,  hear.  (ad, 
cftpio. ) 


ac'cuso,  1    V.  a.,   I   impeach, 

blame, 
acer,  acris,  acre,   adj.,  sharp, 

eager,  energetic. 
Hcerbus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  bitter, 

bad-tempered,     (acer.) 
acriter,  adv.,  sharply,  keenly. 

(acer.) 
actor,  -oris,  rw.,  actor,     (igo.) 
acturus,  fut.  part. ,  fr.  ftgo. 
ad,  prep.  yor.  ace. ,  to,  for. 
adcido.   Cf.  accido. 
ad  do,  -didi,   -ditum,  3  v.    a., 

I  bring  to,  add. 
&d'eo,  -ivi  or  -ii,  -Itum,  4  r.  n., 

I  go  to,  approach. 

ad'eo,  adv.,  thus  far;  usque 
adeo,  to  such  an  extent,  (ad, 
is  ;  cf .  quoad. ) 

ad'fero  (oratTr-ro),  -tilli,  -latum, 
3  V.  a.,  I  bring  to. 

adficio.    Cf.  afficio. 

adfiLis  (or  affinis),  -e,  adj., 
neighbouring  to,  related  to 
(by  marriage)  ;  as  a  iiul>.it., 
neighbour,  relation. 


93 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


99 


ad'Tgo,  -egi,  -actum,    3    v.  a., 

1  drive  to.  adigo  aliquem 
(ad)  iusiurandum,  I  drive 
a  man  to  an  oath,  make 
him  swear.     (Ago.) 

adhibeo,      -hibui,      -hlbltum, 

2  V.  a.,\  bring  to,  employ, 
(hilbeo. ) 

adipiscor,  -eptus,  3  v.  dep.,  I 

obtain,     (ilpiscor. ) 
adiiivo,  -iiivi,  -iutum,  1  v.  a., 

I  assist, 
admiratio,  -Onis, /.,  wonder, 
admiror,   1  v.  dtp.,  I  wonder 

at. 
ad  mitto,  -misi,  -missum,  3  v. 
a. ,  1  bring  to,  bring  in,  admit, 
admodum,  adv.,  lit.  to  a  mea- 
sure, in  a  high  degree,  very. 
(m6dus.) 
ad 'no,  \  V.  n.,\  swim  to. 
adprehendo   (or  apprehendo), 
-prehendi,    -prfhensum,  3  v. 
n.,  I  seize, 
adsiduus,   -a,    -um,   adj.,  con- 
stant, eaget,   diligent,     (ad- 
sideo  :  cf.  continuus,  fr.  con- 
tineo.) 
adsidue,  adv.,  constantly,  (ad- 
siduus.) 
ad'si^o,  1  V.  a.,\  attribute  to. 

(signum.) 
ad 'sum,  -fui,  -esse,  v.  n.,  I  am 

present. 

adHlescens      (or      addlescens), 

entis,  c,  young  man,  young 

woman.     ( ad  'ulesco. ) 

adiilescentia,     -ae,   /.,    youth, 

manly  strength,    (ad'oicsco. ) 

adiilor,   1  v.  dep.,  I  fawn  on, 

flatter. 
ad'venlo,  -veni,  -ventum,  4  v. 
n.j  1  come  to,  approach. 


ad'versarlus,    -a,    -um,    adj., 
turned      towards,      opposed 
to  ;  subst.,  antagonist,     (ad, 
versus. ) 
ad'verBum,  or  ad  versus,  adv., 
and  prep.  yov.  ace,  towards, 
against, 
adverto,  -verti,  -versum,  3  v. 
a.,  1  turn  towards,  observe 
(generally  in  phrase  'animum 
adverto '). 
ad 'voce,  1 1',  a.,  I  call  to  my  aid. 
ad  vole,  1  I'.  71,,  I  fly  towards, 
aedes    (or    aedis),    -is,    /.,    a 
building,    temple  ;   in  pi.,  a 
house, 
aeditumus,    i,    m.,   keeper   of 

temple,  sacristan,     (aedes.) 
aegre,    adv.,    with    difficulty, 
scarcely,     aegre  passus,  dis- 
pleased,    (aeger. ) 
aeneus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  brazen. 

(aes, ) 
aerarium, 

(aes.) 
aes,   aeris, 

money. 
Aesopus,  i,  771. ,  Aesop.  ( Aro-wTros. ) 
aetas,  -atis,/.,  age  (for  aevltas, 

fr.  aevum,  aidju). 
affero.     Cf.  adfero. 
afficio,  -feci,  -fectum,  3  v.  a., 
I  aftect  in  some  way  :  afficio 
contumeliil,    I   affect,   brand 
with  disgrace,  i.e.  I  disgrace, 
insult,     (filcio.) 
Africa,  -ae,  /.,  Africa,  i.e.  the 

laud  round  Carthage. 
Africanus,  -i,   m.,  agnomen  of 

Scipio. 
ager,  agri,  m.,  land,  territory. 
{dyp6s,      cf.     English     acre, 
Oernian  Acker.) 


-11, 


n. 


n 


treasury, 
copper,   brass, 


100        LATIN^ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


&go,  5gi,  actum,  3  r.  a.,  I 
drive,  do,  act ;  of  the 
Senate, I  transact,  I  discuss: 
ago  gratias,  I  give  thanks  ; 
bene  ago,  I  fare  well,  prosper. 

aio,    V.    n.,    defective,    I    say. 

&koivov<Jtitoi  (cf.  xxxiii.  10, 
note),  deficient  in  common 
sense. 

&la,  -ae,/,  wing. 

albus,  -a,  -um,  a'//.,  white. 

Alcibiades,  -is  or-i,  ni.,  Alcibi- 
ades.     ('AXAci/SidSrjs.) 

ales,  -Itis,  adj.,  winged  ;  as 
mbsL,  c,  a  bird,     (ala.) 

Alexander,  -dri,  m.,  Alexander. 

aiiquis,  aliquid,  suhnt.  pron., 
some  one,  any  one.     (calius, 

quis.) 

aiiter,  acZt'. ,  otherwise,  (alius.) 

aUus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  other,  an- 
other.    (Cf.  &\\os.) 

alte,  adv.,  deeply,     (altus.) 

alter,  -Cra,  -6rum,  adj.,  the  one 
(or  other)  of  two.     (Cf .  alius. ) 

altus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  deep;  as 
,sM6.sf.,  altum,  i,  n.,  the  deep 
sea.     (alo,  I  nourish.) 

&lumen,  -mis,  n.,  alum. 

amtoiguus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  waver- 
ing, hesitating,  (amblgo,  fr. 
ambi,  Gr.  dn<t>i,  ago.) 

ambitus,  -us,  7n.,  lit.  a  going 
round,  bribery,  (ambio,  fr. 
ambi,  Gr.  diJL<pi,  eo.) 

Ambraciensis,  -e,  adj.,  Am- 
braeian,  belonging  to  Am- 
bracia,  town  in  S.  of  Epirus. 

&micio,  -Icui  or  -ixi,  -ictum, 
4  V.  a. ,  1  wrap  around,  clothe, 
(am  or  amb,  Gr.  dfi(pi,  and 
iacio.     Cf.  dfx(f>t^(i\\u).) 


EmlctuB,  -a,  -um,  part.  fr. 
amlcio.  As  subst.,  amictus, 
us,  m.,  clothing, 
amicus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  friendly ; 
8ubtit.,Sim\c\is,  i,  m.,  a  friend, 
(amo.) 
a*mitto,  -mlsi,  -missum,  3  v.  a., 

I  send  away,  let  go,  lose, 
amo,  1  V.  a. ,  I  love, 
amplector,  -exus,  3  v.  dep.,  I 
embrace,      (am,  cf.  amicio, 
plecto,  I  plait.) 
amplitudo,    -mis,  /.,   dignity. 

(am  plus.) 
amputo,  1  r.  a.,  I  lop  off. 
am  conj.,  or,  whether  (in  dis- 
junctive interrogations), 
anceps,      clpltis,    adj.,     two- 
headed,  doubtful,  dangerous, 
(an,  cf.  amlcio,  caput.) 
AndroclUB,  -i,  vi.,  Androclus. 
anima,  -ae, /.,soul.     (animus, 
AvfAtoj,  that  which  breathes.) 
animadverto,  -ti,  -sum,  3  v. a., 
I    direct   my    attention    to, 
notice,     (animus,  ad,  verto.) 
inimus,    -i,    m.,    mind.     (Cf. 

anima.) 
annaUs,  -e,  adj.,  belonging  to  a 
year.     As  nnhst.,  annalis,  -is, 
m.     (sc.     liber),     chronicle, 
annal.     (annus.) 
annus,  -i,  m.,  year, 
ante,  adv.,  and  prep.  gov.  ace., 

before, 
antea,  adv.,  before. 
ante*quam,  conj.,  before  thf\t. 
Antiochinus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  be- 
longing to  Antiochus. 
Antiocbus,    -i,    m.,    Antiochus 

('Aj'Ttoxoj). 
antiquitas,  -atis,/.,  antiquity, 
old  times,     (antiquus. ) 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY,        101 


ant!quTtU8,  adv. ,  from  of  old,  in 

former  times,     (antiquus.) 
antiquus  (or  anticus),  -a,  -um, 

adj.,  anqient.     (ante.) 
Antonlus,  -ii,  m.,  Antonius. 
&nu8,  -us,/.,  old  woman, 
aperio,  -6rui,  -6rtum,  4  v.  a., 

I  open, 
apologus,  -i,  m.,  fable.   (d7r6Xo- 

70s. ) 
appello  (oradpello),  1  v.  a.,  1 

drive  to,  go  to,  I  accost,  ap- 
peal to. 
ap  peto  (or  ad  peto),  -ivi  and 

-ii,    -Itum,    3    V.  a.   and  n., 

I  seek  for,  long  for,  approach. 
ap'pono  (or  adpono),  -pOsui, 

-posltum,    3    v.    a.,    I   place 

near, 
ap  probe  (or  ad*  probe),  I  v.  a., 

I  approve,  I  confirm. 
aptus,  -a,  -um,  jiart.   fr.   apo, 

apere,  I  fit  to  ;    fit,  suited. 

(Cf.  apiscor,  fiirrw.) 
&pud,  prep.  gov.  ace,  near  to, 

at  the  house  of. 
arbor,  -6ris,  /. ,  a  tree. 
arcesBO,  -ivi,  -itum,  3  r.  a.,  I 

send  for. 
Archllaus,  -i,  m.,  Archelaus. 
ardeo,  arsi,  arsum,  2  v.  11.,  I 

am  on  fire,  burn, 
arduus,  -a,    -um,    adj.,   steep, 

lofty, 
argentum,  -i,  n.,  silver, 
argumentum,  -i,  n.,  proof,  ar- 
gument, plot,   (arguo.) 
argyrancbe    {dpyvpdyxv)-     Cf. 

xxxii.  14,  note. 

Arion,  6nis,  m.,  Arion. 
Arlstodemus,    -i,    m.,    Aristo- 
demus. 


Arlstoteles,  -is  or  -i,  m.,  Aris- 
totle. 

arma,  -orum,  n.,  plur.  only, 
arms. 

armllla,-ae,/., bracelet,  (arma.) 

armo,  1  v.  a.,  I  arm,  equip, 
(arma.) 

ars,  artis,  /.,  art,  skill.  (Cf. 
arma. ) 

arx,  arcis, /.,  citadel,    (arceo.) 

a'scendo,  -ndi,  -sum,  3  v.  n.,  I 
mount  up.    (scando,  I  climb. ) 

Asiaticus,    -a,    -um,    adj.,   be- 
longing to  Asia. 
aspectus,-us, 7«.,look.  (aspicio.) 
asper,  -era,  -^rum,  adj.,  harsh, 

rough. 
a*  spernor,  1  v.  dep.,  I  despise. 

(ab,  sperno. ) 
aspicio,  -exi,  -ectum,  3  r?   a., 

I  behold,  look  at. 
as-  porto,  1  V.  a. ,  I  carry  away. 

(abs,  porto.) 
assideo,  -sedi,  -sessum,  2v.n., 

I   sit   by ;    I    besiege,     (ad, 

sedeo.) 
assum.  Cf.  adsum. 
astutus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  skilled, 

clever,     (astus.) 
at,  conj.,  but. 
Athenae,  -arum,  /.  plur.  only, 

Athens. 

Atheniensis,  -e,adj.,  Athenian. 

atbleta,  -ae,  m.,  wrestler, 
athlete.     {ddXrjTTj^.) 

athlfcticus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  ath- 
letic, ars  athletica,  ath- 
letics. 

atque,  conj.,  and. 

itrox,    -ocis,    a^j.,    frightful, 
fierce,   (ater,  black,  gloomy.) 
Attica,  -ae,/.,  Attica. 


102        LATIX-ENGLISH  VOCABULAPiY. 


attente,  adv.,  comp.,  attentius, 

attentively,     (attendo. ) 
attingo,  -tlgi,  -tactum,  3  r.  o., 

I  touch,     (ad 'tango.) 
auctor,      -oris,      m.,     author. 

(augeo. ) 
audeo,  ausus,  2  v.  a.  and  n.,  I 

dare. 
audio,  4  V.  a.y   I  hear.      (Cf. 

auris,  ear.) 
auditor,     -oris,     w.,      hearer. 

(audio. ) 
au'fero,      abs'tftli,     ab -latum, 

auferre,    3    v.    a.,    I    carry 

away,  take,  (ab,  fero.) 
aureus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  golden. 

(aurum.) 
auris,  -is,/.,  ear. 
aurum,  -i,  n.,  gold. 
Aurunci,    -orum,    m.,   the  Au- 

runci. 
aut,  cotij.f  or.    aut...aut,  either 

...  or. 
autem,    conj.^    but,    however, 

moreover, 
auxilium, -ii,  n.,  help,  (augeo.) 
avarus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  covetous, 

greedy,     (ftveo,  I  long  for. ) 
aversus,    -a,    -um,    part,  from 

averto,  turned  away, 
a-verto,  -ti,  -sum,  3v.  a.,1  turn 

away. 
&vis,  -is,/.,  bird. 
&vunciilU8,    -i,    m.,     maternal 

uncle.     (Diminutive  of  avus, 

grandfather. ) 

barbaria,  -ae, /,  foreign  coun- 
try,    (barbarus.) 

barbarus,  -a,-um,  adj.,  foreign. 
(/3dpj9apo$  :  cf.  balbus,  stam- 
mering.) 

bellum,   i,  ?i.,  war. 


bellator,  oris,  m.,  warrior, 
(bellum.) 

bene,  o<^/r.,  well,  bene  facio, 
I  benefit. 

beneflcium,  -ii,  n.,  kindness, 
(bene,  facio.) 

bestia,  -ae,  /. ,  wild  beast. 

blande,  adi\,  gently,  (blandus). 

blandimentum,  -i,  n.,  blandish- 
ment,    (blandior,  I  caress.) 

b5nus,  -a  -um,  adj.,  good. 

Bucephalas,  -ae  (Boi'ice^dXaj), 
7/1. ,  Bucephalas.  Cf.  vi.  1. 
note. 

C.  for  Calfts  or  Gattts. 

caedes,  -is,  /.,  lopping  oflF,  de- 
struction,    (caedo.) 

Caesar,  -aris,  m.,  Caesar. 

Caiiis,  -i,  m.,  Caius. 

calliditas,  -atis,  /.,  skill,  cun- 
ning,    (callidus.) 

campus,  -i,  m.,  plain. 

canis,  -is,  c,  dog.    {kiuiv.) 

Cannensis,  -e,  adj.,  of  Cannae. 

cano,  cCclni,  cantum,  3  v.  a.,  I 
sing,  I  play,  cano  tibiis  =  I 
play  the  Hute. 

canto,  1  V.  n.  and  a.,  I  sing,  I 
play  (frequentative  form  of 
cano. ) 

cantor,  -Oris,  m.,  singer,  musi- 
cian,    (cano.) 

cantus,  -us,  r?i.,  song,  melody, 
(cano. ) 

capesso,  -ivi  or  -ii,  -Hum,  ,S  v. 
a.,  I  strive  for,  undertake, 
(desiderative  form  fr.  capio. ) 

capio,  cepi,  captuui,  3  v.  a.,  I 
take,  capio  consilium,  I  form 
or  adopt  a  plan. 

C&pitolium,  -ii,  n.,  the  Capitol. 
(caput.) 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY.         103 


capltalis,   -e,  adj.,  relating  to 

the   caput,   i.e.   life  or  civil 

rights,  capital,    res  capitalis, 

capital  offence,    (caput.) 

captivus, -i,?«., captive,  (capio.) 

caput,  -Itis,  n.,  head,  life,  civil 

rights.     (Cf.  K€<pa\7].) 

carmen,  -Inis,  ??.,  song,  (cano.) 

cassita,  -ae,/.,  the  crested  lark, 

ftlauda  cristata,  L.    (cassis,  a 

hohnet. ) 

castrum,  -i,  «.,  fort ;  in  plur., 

a  camp.     ((^f.  casa,  hut. ) 
casus,  -us,  m.,  accident,  case. 

(cado,  I  fall,  happen.) 
caterva,   -ae,  /.,  troop,  band, 

body  of  men. 
Cato,    onis,  ?w.,  Cato.     (catus, 

shrewd. ) 
Cauda,  -ae,/. ,  tail, 
causa,    -ae,  /.,  cause,  reason, 

case. 
causa,   ahl.   of  causa,   for  the 

sake  of,  with  cjenit'mi. 
caute,  adv.,  cautiously,     (cau- 

tus.) 
cautus,    -a,    -um,    part,   from 

caveo,  careful, 
caveo,  cavi,  cautum,  2  v.  w.,  I 

am  on  my  guard,  cautious, 
caverna,  -ae,  /.,  cave,  hollow. 

(cavus,  hollow.) 
cede,    cessi,    cessum,   3  ?'.   n. 
and  «.,    I  yield,   go  away, 
depart, 
celeber,  -bris,    -bre,   adj.,  nu- 
merous, famous, 
celeritas,     -atis,     /.,      speed. 

(cCler.) 
cella,   -ae,  /.,   shrine,    part  of 
temple  in  whicli  the  image  of 
the  god  stood, 
celo,  1  V.  a.,  I  conceal. 


censeo,  -ui,   censum,   2  v.   a., 

I   assess,    think,    vote    for, 

decree,   resolve. 

censor,  -oris,  m . ,  censor.  ( censeo. ) 

centum,  indecl.  num.  adj.,  one 

hundred, 
certamen,    -inis,    n.,    contest, 
competition,  (certo,  I  strive.) 
cerva,  -ae, /.,  doe. 
cervix,  -Icis, /.,  neck, 
cessator,    -oris,    w?.,    loiterer. 

(cesso.) 
[ceterus],   -a,    -um,   the  other, 
the   rest.      The   nom.    sing, 
masc.  is  not  in  use. 
Child, -onis,  m.,  Chilo.  (Xc^Xwj/.) 
cibarius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  belong- 
ing to  food  (clbus).     res  ci- 
baria,  provisions. 
Clbus,  -i,  7n.,  food, 
cicatrix,  -icis,  / ,  scar. 
Cicero,  -onis,  m.,  Cicero, 
cingo,  -nxi,  -nctum,  3  v.  a  ,  1 

surround,  gird  on,  clothe, 
circum, adv.,  and p7r2^.gov.acc., 

around, 
circum  fero,  -tilli,  -latum,  3  v. 

a.,  I  carry  round,  report, 
circum'fundo,  -ffidi,  -fusum,  3 
V.   a.,   I   pour   around,   sur- 
round, 
circum  plector,    -plexus,   3   v. 
dep.  a.,  I  embrace,  surround, 
circum "spicio,  -spexi,  -spectum, 
3  r.  n.  and  a.,  I  look  around, 
survey, 
circum  volvo,  no  perf.,   -v6lu- 

tum,  3  ?\  a.,  I  roll  round, 
circus,  -i,  m.  {dpKos),  circus. 
Cispius  (mons),  tlie  Cispian  hill. 
citatUB,  -a,   -um,  part.  fr.  cito, 
urged  on.     citato   cursu,  at 
full  speed. 


I 

I 


104         LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY,         105 


cito,  1  V.  a.,  I  urge  on.     (fre-  j 

(^iientative  form  of  cieo. ) 
civls,  -is,  c,  citizen, 
civitas,  -litis,/.,  state,  (civis.) 
clamor,  -oris,  m.,  shout,  noise. 

(clamo. ) 
clandestinus,    -a,    -um,    adj., 

secret,     (clam.) 
Claudius,  -ii,  m.,  Claudius, 
claudo,    -si,    -sum,    3   r.  a.,    I 
shut.  (Cf.  clavis,  key,  »c\e/w.) 
coepi,  coepisse,  3  r.  a.,  defec- 
tive  (the    pres.  coepio   only 
in     ante-classical     writers.) 
prrf.   with  ^''e-''.  signific,   I 
begin. 
cOgito,  1  v.a.yl  meditate  upon. 

(co,  agito.) 
cognatus,  -a,  -um,  ar//.,  related 
by  blood  ;  as  ,s?/W.,  a  kins- 
man,   (co,  gnatus  for  natus.) 
CO  gndmen,  -Inis,  n.,  surname. 

(co,  nomen.) 
cognomino,  1  v.  a.,  I  surname, 
cognosco,    -gnovi,   -gnltura,  3 
r.   a.,    I  become  acquainted 
with,     investigate     a     case, 
(nosco.) 
cogo,  c6cgi,  c<5actum,  3  i'.  cr.,  I 
drive  together,  compel,    (co, 
ago.) 
colloquor,  -Iftcutus,  3  v.  d^p., 

I  talk  with, 
colo,  c5lui,  cultum,  3  v.  a.,  T 

cultivate.   (Cf.  agrl-c6la.) 
collum,  -i,  n.,  neck, 
coma,    -ae,   /.,    hair,    foliage. 

comes,    -Itis,    c,     companion. 

(com,  eo. ) 
commentlclus,    -a,    -um,    «'//., 

pretended,  false,      (commin- 

iscor. ) 


c5m!tor,    1    v.  dep.,  I  accom- 
pany,   (cftmes. ) 
commentus,  -a,  -um,  part.  fr. 

commlniscor. 

com"m!niscor,    -mentus,    3    r. 

dep.y  1  devise,  invent.     (Cf. 

re'miniscor. ) 

comoedla,  -ae,/., comely,  (kuji- 

if)dia.)   certamina    comoedia- 

rum,  dramatic  competitions. 

comparo,  I  v.  a.,  prepare,  f  ro- 

cure. 
competitor,    -oris,    wi.,    rival, 

competitor,     (competo.) 
complOro,    1    v.  a.,    1   bewail 

violently, 
complures,  -a,  rarely  -ia,  adj., 

several, 
com  pono,  -posui,  -pOsltum,   3 
/•.   «.,   I   place  together,  ar- 
range,     compose.       litterae 
compositae,  forged  letters, 
concede,  -cessi,  -cessum,  3r.  a. 
and  ».,  I  yield,  grant,  retire, 
concido,  idi,  no  sup.,  3  r.  n.,  1 

fall  down.     (cado. ) 

concipio,    -copi,    -ceptum,     3 

V.  a.,  I  take  to  myself,    con- 

cepta   sanies,  matter   which 

has  gathered    in    a   wound. 

(cApio.) 

con  clamo,  1  ?'.  a.  and  w.,  I  cry 

out,  shout  togetheror  loudly. 

condemno,  1  r.  a.,  I  sentence, 

condemn,    (damno. ) 
condicio,  -onis,/,  agreement, 
conditions,  terms,  (con "dico. ) 
condo,  -dldi,  -ditum,  3  r.  a.,  I 
bring  together,  build,  lay  up, 
hide. 
confero,  -tflli,  -latum,  or  col- 
latum,    3  V.   a.,   I  bring  to- 
gether, employ,  attribute. 


conftcio,  -feci,  -fectum,  3  r.  a., 

I  execute,  finish,    (facio.) 
confidentla,  -ae,  /.,   boldness, 

confidence,     (confldo.) 
confido, -fisus,  3  r.  7?.,I  trust  in. 
conflrmo,  1  v.  a.,  I  establish, 

contirm. 
conflsuB,    -a,    -um,    part.    fr. 

confido,  confident, 
conformo,  1  v.  a.,  I  shape, 
confute,    1   r.  fi.,    I   restrain, 
silence,     (futo,    intent,   form 
of  f 6veo. ) 
con  gero,    -gessi,    -gestum.     3 
r.  a. ,  I  bring  together.     Ab- 
solutely (sc.  nidum),  I  build 
a  nest. 
congredior,  -gressus,  3 v.  dfp.y 
I  meet  as  friend,  or   foe,    I 
attack,    (gradior.) 
coDgressio,  -onis,  /.,  meeting, 

attack,    (congredior.) 
con'iicio,     -ieci,     -iectum,      3 
V.  a.,  I  throw  together,  hurl, 
(iilcio.) 
conliiratio,  -onis,/ ,  conspiracy. 

(con'iuro.) 
Conor,  1  V.  dep.,  I  attempt, 
conscisco,  -sclvi,  or  -scii,  -scT- 
tum,  3  V.  a.,   I  approve  of. 
conscisco    aliquid     mihi,     I 
adjudge   something  to    my- 
self ;   conscisco  necem,  mor- 
tem, mihi,  I  kill  myself, 
consensus,    -us,    m.,    consent, 

agreement,     (consentio.) 
consequor,  -sCcutus,  3  r.  dep., 

I  follow  after,  attain,  gain. 
consero,     -sevi,     -sltum,     or 
-satum,     3    V.    a.,    I     sow, 
plant, 
con'sldo,  -sedi,   sessum,  3  r.  w., 
I  sit  down,  encamp,   (sedeo.) 


consilium,  -ii,7i.,  plan, purpose. 

(con,  root  sul  ;  cf.  consul.) 
con  sisto,    stlti,  stltum,  3  v.  n. 

and  a.,  I  halt, 
consitus,    -a,    -um,    part.    fr. 

const'ro. 
conspectus,  -us,  ?/i. ,  sight,  view. 

(consplcio. ) 
conspicio,  -spexi,  -spectum,  3 
V.  a.  and  ».,  I  look  at  with 
attention,  see. 
con  Sterne,  1  v.  a.,  I  stretch  on 

ground,  terrify, 
constitue,  -ui,  -fitum,  3  r.  a  , 
I  place  (a  thing)  somewhere, 
station,   (statuo.) 
consiiesco,  -suevi,   -suetum,  3 

V.  7?.,  I  grow  accustomed, 
consul,  -t\lis,  w.,  consul.     (Cf. 

consilium.) 
consiilaris,  -e,  arlj.,  consular, 
consulo,  -lui,  -Itum,  S  v.  n.  and 
a.,  1  reflect,  I  consult  with. 
(Cf.  consilium.) 
consulto,   1  V.  a.,  I  deliberate 
upon,    I   debate,     (frequent- 
ative form  of  consftlo.) 
consultum,  -i,  n.,  decision,  de- 
cree,    (consillo. ) 
contemne,    -mpsi,   -mptum,  3 

17.  a.,  1  despise, 
contende,  -di,  -tum,  3  r.  a.  and 
71.,  I  strain  after,  strive  for, 
assert. 
contester,  1  v.  dep.,  I  call  to 
witness.     Contestor  litem,  I 
introduce  a  lawsuit  by  call- 
ing witnesses,     (testis.) 
con 'tinge,     -tigi,     -tactum,    3 
i\    71.,    I    touch,    reach    to, 
happen,     (tango.) 
continue,    adv. ,    immediately, 
(continuus,  fr.  con'tineo.) 


106 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY 


LATIK-ENGLISH  VOCABVLARY, 


107 


i  \\ 


contio,  onis,  /. ,  meeting,  as- 
sembly, (for  con'ventio,  a 
coming  together. ) 

contra,  adv.,  prep.  gov.  ace, 
against,  contra  dice,  I  ob- 
ject to,  appeal  against  sen- 
tence. 

con-tueor,  -tuitus,  2  v.  dep.j  I 
gaze  upon. 

contumelia,  -ae,  /.,  disgrace, 
ignominy.  (root  tem  :  cf. 
con'temno.) 

con  turbo,  1  v.  a.,  I  throw  into 
disorder,     (turba. ) 

convello,  -velli  (rarely  -vulsi), 
-vulsiim,  3  V.  a.,  I  tear  away, 
up. 

con'venio,  -veni,  -ventum,  4 
?'.  71.  and  a.,  I  come  together, 
agree  with,  meet. 

converto,  -ti,  -sum,  3  v.  «.,  I 
turn  round,  manoeuvre. 

con'vinco,  -vici,  -victum,  3 
V.  a.,  I  completely  conquer. 
I  convict  of  (a  crime). 

convivlum,  -ii,  n.,  banquet, 
(vivo.) 

c5pia,  -ae, /.,  plenty,  supply; 
in  pi  it)'.,  forces,     (co,  ops.) 

copiosus,  -a,  -um,  atlj.  with 
abL,  well  supplied  with. 

cor,  cordis,  n.,  heart.  (Cf. 
Kapdia. ) 

coram,  adv. ,  and  prtp.  gov.  ahl. , 
in  the  presence  of. 

Corinthius,  -a,  -um,  adj., 
Corinthian. 

Corlntbus,  -i,/,  Corinth. 

corona,  ae,  /.,  wreath,  garland. 
{Kopiburj. ) 

c5r6no,  1  v.  a.,  I  crown. 
(cOrona.) 

corpus,  -oris,  n.    body. 


cor-rigo,  -rexi,  -rectum,  3  v.  a., 
I  make  straight,  correct, 
(con,  rego.) 

Coruncanius,  -ii,  Coruncanius. 

Corvinus,  -i,  w.,  Corvinus. 
(corvus.) 

corvus,  -i,  m. ,  raven,     (^'6pa$. ) 

cotidianus  (or  quotldianus), 
-a,  -uni,  adj.,  daily.  (cOtldle.) 

eras,  adv.,  to-morrow. 

Crassus,  -i,  m.,  Crassus. 

credo,  -didi,  -dltum,  3  v.  a.,  I 
entrust,  I  trust  in,  I  believe. 
Used  absolutely,  I  sup- 
pose. 

credulitas,  -atis,  /. ,  easiness  of 
belief,  credulity,  (credillus, 
crC'do. ) 

crimen,  -Inis,  n.,  charge,  ac- 
cusation. 

Crotoniensis,  -e,  adj.,  of  Cro- 
tona. 

cruciatus,  -us,  m.,  torture, 
(cnlcio,  crux.) 

cruentus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  stained 
with  blood,     (cruor.) 

cruor,  -oris, w?,, gore, blood  which 
has  flowed  from  wounds. 

criia,  criiris,  n.,  leg. 

ciibiculum,  -i,  m.,  a  resting  or 
sleeping  room.     (cubo. ) 

cuius,  -a,  -um,  interrog.  and 
rdaf.  adj.  pron.,  whose?  or 
whose,     (qui.) 

cultus,  -a,  -um,  part.  fr.  colo, 
cultivated,  civilized. 

cum  (or  quum),  conj.,  when, 
since,  if,  although. 

cum,  jy)'e}K  gov.  ahl.,  with. 

cunctabundus,  -a,  -um,  linger- 
ing,    (cunctor. ) 

cunctor,  1  v.  dep.,  I  loiter, 
linger. 


cunctus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  all  in  a 

body,  all.     (for  con'iunctus.) 
ciineus,  -i,  m.,  wedge,  wedge- 

sliaped  body  of  troops, 
ciipidus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  eager, 

desirous,    proud     of     (with 

gen.)    (cilpio. ) 
clir,     adw     and     covj.,    why, 

wherefore, 
cura,  -ae, /.,  care,  anxiety, 
curia,    -ae,   /.,     senate-house. 

(Quiris,  Cures.) 
Curius,  -ii,  m.,  Curius. 
euro,  1  V.  a.,  I  take  care  of. 

With  gerundive,   cf.   vii.   3, 

note.      Curo  puerum  docen- 

dum,  I  get  the  boy  taught. 

(cura.) 
currus, -us, 772., chariot,  (curro. ) 
cursus,  -us,  777.,  running,  race, 

course.    Citato  cursu,  at  full 

speed,     (curro.) 
custodio,   4   I?,    a.,    I    guard. 

(custos.) 
custos,  -odib,  c,  guard. 

damno,    1   v.   a.,   I  condemn. 

(damnum,  hurt,  loss.) 
de,  prep.  gov.  ahl.,  concerning, 

from. 
debeo,  2y.  a.,Iowe.  (de,habeo.) 
debilis,  -e,  adj.,  lamed,  feeble. 

(de,  habilis. ) 
decern,  numer.,  ten. 
de  cemo,    -crevi,    -crCtum,     3 

V.   a.  and   n.,  I   determine, 

decide  ;  of  the  senate,  I  pass 

a  decree. 
decide,  -cldi,  -cisum.  3  i\  a., 

I  cut  off.     (caedo. ) 
de  clamo,    1    v.   n.   and  a.,   I 

exercise  myself  in  speaking, 

declaim. 


de'claro,   1  v.  a.,  I  show,  pro- 
claim, 
decoro,  I  V.  a.,1  adorn,  (dficus, 

ornament,  glory.) 
deditio,    -onis,   /.,    surrender. 

(dGdo.) 
de'diico,  -xi,  -ctum,  3  v.  a.,  I 

lead  away,  withdraw,  bring 

down. 
de'fendo,  -di,  -sum,  3  i\  a.,  I 

ward  off,  keep  off. 
defensor,   -Oris,  m.,   defender. 

(dC'fendo.) 
de'fero,  -tilli,  -latum,  3  v.  a.,  I 

bring  down,  hand  over, 
de'fio,  -fectus,  -fiCri,  v.  n.  (used 

as  pasnve  of  deflcio),  I  am 

wanting,  I  fail, 
deformitas,  -atis,  /.,  ugliness, 

deformity,    (de'formis,  ugly. 

Cf.  forma.) 
de'iicio,  -ieci,  -iectum,  3  v.  a., 

I  throw  down,     (ijlcio.) 
deinceps  (dissyl. ),  or  deinceps, 

adv.,        next,         following. 

(deinde. ) 
deinde  (dissyl. ),  or  deinde,  adv., 

then,  thereupon. 
delecto,    1    r.   a.,    I    delight. 

(intens.  of  delicio.) 
deligo,  -legi,  -Iectum,  3  v.  a., 

I  choose  out,  select,     (l^go. ) 
de'liro,   1  r.  ??.,  I  rave,     (de, 

lira,  out  of  the  furrow.) 
delitesco,   -tui,   3  v.  n.,  I  lie 

hid,  conceal  myself,  (latesco, 

inceptive  of  lateo. ) 
delphinus, 

(Of\</)lS.) 

Demades,    -is,    w.,    Demades. 

(A?7/xd57;s.) 
de'meto,  -messui,  -messum,  3 

V.  a.,  I  reap,  mow. 


-1,     771. ,     dolphin. 


i) 


108        LATIN-ENGLim  VOCABULARY. 


de  miror,  1  v.  dtp.  a. ,  I  wonder 

at. 
demSror,  1  v.  d^p.,  I  linger, 
Demosthenes,    -is  and   -i,   m., 
Demosthenes.     {Arjfioad^vr}^.) 
demulceo,    -mulsi,    -mulctum, 
2v.  a.,1  stroke  down,  caress, 
demum,  adr.,  at  last,     (de.) 
denique,  afZy.,  and  then,  finally. 

(de.) 
Dentatus,  -i,  w.,  Dentatus. 
denuo,    adt\y   again,     (For   de 

novo.) 
depopulor,    1    v.    dep.    a.,    I 

ravage. 
de'puto,  1  y.  a.,  I  cut  otf, prune. 
deTideo,  -si,  -sum,  2  r.  a.,  I 

laugh  at. 
de'sclsco,  -ivi  or  -ii,   -Itum,  3 
V.    n.y    I    withdraw,    revolt 
from,   abandon  ;  with  prep. 
ab  and  abl. 
de'sero,  -rui,  -rtum,  3  r.  a.,  I 
desert,    abandon.       (Lit.,    I 
undo,  sever  ;  sero,  I  join. ) 
desertus,    -a,    -um,   part.    fr. 

des^ro,  lonely,  desert. 
de-Bldero,  1  v.  a. ,  I  long  for. 
deaillo,  -llui,  -ultum,  4  v.  7i.,  I 

leap  down,     (siilio. ) 
de  sino,  -sii,  rarely  -si  vi,  -sltum, 
3  V.   11.   and  a.,   I  give  up, 
cease, 
desiplo,  no  perf.  or  sup.,  -ere, 
V.  n.,  I  act  foolishly,  I  am 
foolish,    (sftpio.) 
desitus,   -a,   -um,  part,  of  de- 

slno,  obsolete,  disused, 
despicio,  -exi,    ectum,  3  r.  a. 
and  n.y    I  look  down  upon, 
despise, 
de'sum,  -fui,  -esse,  v.  n.,  I  am 
wanting. 


detego,  -xi,  -ctum,  3  v.  a.,  I 

uncover,  discover, 
detergeo,  -si,  -sum,   2  t\   a., 

I  wipe  off. 
de  traho,  -xi,  -ctum,  3  v.  a.,  I 

take  away, 
detnmco,  1  v.  a.,  I  lop,   cut 

otf. 
de  uro,  -ussi,  -ustum,  3  v.  a.,  I 

burn  up. 
deus,  -i,  m.,  god 
de-veho,  -xi,  -ctum,  3  v.  a.,  1 

carry  away,  carry  down, 
devenio,  -veni, -ventum,4y.  n. , 
I  come  from,  I  go  to,  arrive 
at. 
dexter,  -tera,  -tCmm,  and  tra, 
trum,  adj.,  on  the  right  side, 
right.    (56^i6s.) 
Diana,  -ae, /.,  Diana, 
dicio,  -onis,  /„   rule,  jurisdic- 
tion.    (Cf.     dico,    condicio.) 
dico,  -xi,  -ctum,  3  i'.  a.,  I  say, 

tell,  call, 
dictum,    -i,    n.y   saying,    com- 
mand,    (dico.) 
di'duco,  -xi,  -ctum,  3  r.  a.,  I 

draw  apart,  separate, 
dies,   -ei,   m.    (in  «m.7-   com.), 

day. 
dif  fero,     distnli,    dllatum,     3 
r.  rt.,  I  carry  away,  put  off. 
difficilis,    -e,    adj.,    difficult, 

hard,     (ficllis.) 
drgero,  -gessi,  -gestum,  3  v.  a., 
I   separate,    disperse,    dissi- 
pate, 
digitus,  -i,  m.,  finger, 
dignitas,    -iitis,  /.,  rank,   dig- 
nity,   (dignus. ) 
dignus,    a,  -um,  adj.,  worthy, 
digredior,  -gressus,  3  v.  dcp.f 
I  go  away,     (gradior.) 


lATIX-ENGLISE  VOCABULARY,        109 


dil&cero,    1    v.    a.,   I   tear  to 

pieces, 
dilucesco,  luxi,  no  sup.,  3  i'.  w., 
1  begin  to  grow  light.     (In- 
ceptive form  of  diluceo. ) 
dilucide,  adv. , clearly,  (diluceo, 

lux,) 
dimidium,    -ii,    ?t ,   balf.     (di, 

medius. ) 
dimitto,  -inlsi,  -missum,  3  v.  a., 

I  send  away,  dismiss, 
dirigo,  -rexi,  -rectum,  3  i'.  a., 
I  arrange  iu  a  straight  line, 
I  direct  to. 
dis'cedo,  -cessi,  -cessum,  3y.  7i., 

I  depart,  go  away, 
dl-sclndo,    -scldi,    -scissum,    3 
V.   a.,    I    tear  asunder,    cut 
oy^en. 
disciplina,    -ae,  /.,    teaching, 
knowledge,  tactics,  custom, 
(disclptilus,  disco. ) 
discipiilUB,    -i,     m.y     disciple, 

follower,     (disco.) 
disco,  dldlci,  no  sup.,  3  v.  a., 
I  learn.  (Root da:  cf.  5t5d(rK«, 
doceo. ) 
dlssimulanter,   adv.,   secretly. 

(disslianlo. ) 
diu,a'/r.,foralongtime.  (dies.) 
divello,    -velli,    rarely    -vulsi, 
-vulsum,    3    r.    a.,    1     tear 
asunder. 
dives,  -Itis,  adj.,  rich, 
divinitus,   adv.,  from  heaven, 
by  divine  providence  or  in- 
fluence,    (divus,  deus.) 
divinus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  divine. 

(dlvus,  deus.) 
do,  di^di,  datum,  dclre,  r.  a.,  I 

give.    (Cf.  5t5(0M^  donum.) 
doceo,   -cui,    -ctum,    2  v.   a., 
I  teach.     (Cf.  disco.) 


doleo,  -ui,  -Itum,  2t\w.  and  a., 

I  grieve,  I  grieve  for. 
dolor,    -oris,   m.,    pain,    grief. 

(doleo.) 
domi,  adv.y  at  home.    Locative 

case  of  d(3mus. 
domus,    -us,  /.,   home,    house. 

(5oMos,  root  dem,  to  build.) 
donee,  conj.,  until, 
dono,  1  V.  a. ,  I  give,  I  present. 

(do. ) 
donum,  -i,  n.,  gift,     (do.) 
dorsum,  -i,  ».,  back, 
diibito,  1  V.  «.,  I  hesitate, 
diitoius,   -a,  -um,   adj.,  doubt- 
ful.    Dilbio  prOcul,  without 

doubt, 
dum,  conj.y  whilst,  until, 
duo,  -ae,  -6,  muner. y  two.  {5vo.) 
duo  de -viginti,  numtr.y   eight- 
een, 
durus,    -a,    -um,    adj.,    hard, 

harsh. 
dux,  ducis,  m.y  leader,    (duco.) 

e,  ex,  prep.  gov.  all.,  out  of, 
from.  Ex  republica,  to  the 
advantage  of  the  state. 

edo,  C'di,  esum,  3  v.  a.,  I  eat. 
(Cf.  edax,  ^Sw,  ea^tw.) 

ecquis,  ecqukl,  inUrrog.  suhst. 
prou.,  whether  any  ? 

e-do,  -didi,  -ditum,  3  v.  a.,  1 
give  forth,  bring  forth,  pro- 
duce, utter,  form,  raise. 

ediico,  I  v.  a.,  I  rear,  educate. 

effero,  ex 'tali,  e  latum,  3  v.  a., 
1  bring  out. 

efficio,  -feci,  -fectum,  3  «'.«., 
I  bring  to  pass,  accomplish, 
(ex,  facio.) 

eg5,  per,'^.  prov.,  T. 

ego  met,  I  myself. 


110        LATIN-ENGLISH  FOCABULAEY. 


LATINENGLISII  VOCABULARY. 


Ill 


egredlor,  -gressus,  3  v.  dcp.,  I 
go  out,  I  leave,     (gradior.) 

egregius,  -a,  -um,  adj.^  dis- 
tinguished, eminent.  (e, 
grex,  chosen  from  the  herd.) 

Electra,  -ae,  /.,  Electra. 
('HXe'/crpa.) 

elephantus,  -i,  m.,  elephant. 
{i\((pa^. ) 

eloquentia,  -ae,  /.,  eloquence. 
(oloquor.) 

eliido,  -si,  -sum,  3  v.  rt.,  I 
mock,  jeer  at. 

emitto,  -misi,  -missum,  3  i\  rt., 
I  send  out. 

emo,  emi,  emptum,  3  v.  a.,  I 
buy. 

emptio,  -onis,  /.,  purchase, 
l)uying.    (t5mo.) 

enim,  conj.,  for.  sed  enim, 
but  indeed. 

Ennius,  -ii,  yn.,  Ennius. 

enuntio,  1  v.  a.,  I  declare, 
mention. 

60,  Ivi  or  ii,  Uum,  Ire,  4  i'.  ?*.,  I 
go.    (Root  i  ;  cf.  el/xi.) 

60,  adt\,  thither,  for  that  rea- 
son, therefore,    (is.) 

ephippium,  -ii,  n.,  saddle,  horse 
caparison.       {e<plinnov,    from 

€7ri,    ITTTTOS.  ) 

epulae,  arum,  f.y  feast,  ban- 
quet. (In  slnrj.  fpfllum, 
i,  n.) 

equitatua,  -us,  ?«. ,  cavalry. 
(6quus. ) 

equus,  -i,  ?n.,  horse.    (iTTTroy.) 

ergo,  adr. ,  therefore. 

e  rubesco,  -bui,  no  sup.,  3  t'.  n. 
incep. ,  I  grow  red,  blush. 

et,  conj.^  and. 

etiam,  conj.^  also,  even. 

etiam'si,  conj.,  even  if. 


Euander,  -dri,  m.,  Evander. 

Euathlus,  -i,  w.,  Euathhis. 

everto,  -ti,  -sum,  3  v.  a.,1  over- 
throw. 

exanguis,  or  exsanguis,  -e, 
adj.,  bloodless,  lifeless,  (ex, 
sanguis. ) 

ex  animatus,  ])art.  from  ex- 
anlmo,  lifeless. 

exanimo,  1  v.  «.,  I  deprive  of 
life,     (anima.) 

ex'cido,  -cldi,  -clsum,  3  ?\  a.,  I 
cut  out,  off.     (caedo. ) 

excito,  1  y.  a.,  I  arouse.  (Freq. 
form  of  excio. ) 

exclamo,  1  v.  a.  and  n.,  I  cry 
out,  exclaim. 

ex  60,  -ivi  or  ii,  -Ttura,  -ire,  4  v. 
;/.,  I  go  out. 

ex  erceo,  -ui,  -Itum,  2  v.  a.,  I 
drive  on,  I  practise,    (arceo.) 

exercitus,  -us,  w.,  army,  (ex- 
erceo. ) 

exerto,  or  exserto,  no  perf.  and 
sup.,  1  r.  a.,  I  thrust  out. 
(ex,  serto,  freq.  of  s6ro.) 

exigo,  -rgi,  -actum,  3  r.  a.,  I 
drive  out.     (Ago.) 

exilium,  or  exsllium,  -ii,  n., 
exile,     (exul.) 

eximius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  extra- 
ordinary, uncommon,  (eximo, 
I  take  out  of  the  mass.) 

existimo,  1  v.  a.,  I  judge,  con- 
sider,    (aestimo. ) 

exitus,  -us,  m.,  going  out,  de- 
parture,    (exeo. ) 

exordior,  -orsus,  4  v.  dtp.  a.,  I 
begin. 

ex'pecto,  or  exspecto,  1  v.  o., 
I  look  for.     (ex,  specto. ) 

ex'perior,  -pertus,  4  v.  dep  ,  I 
try. 


I 


expiro,  or  exspiro,  1  v.  a.,  I 

breathe  out.     (ex,  spiro. ) 

expono,  -pOsui,  -pOsltum,  3  v. 
a.,  I  set  forth,  explain. 

exprimo,  -pressi,  -pressum, 
3  I*,  a.,  I  press  out. 
(pr^mo. ) 

expr5mo,  -nipsi,  -mptum,  3  v. 
a.,  I  bring  forth,  utter. 

extemplo,  adr.,  inmiediately. 

ex  to,  or  ex'sto,  no  perf.  and 
sup.,  -are,  r.  ??.,  I  stand 
forth,  appear,     (ex,  sto.) 

extra,  prep.  gov.  ace,  outside. 
l']xtra  tela,  out  of  range. 

extremus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  outer- 
most, furthest.  Extrema 
nocte,  at  the  very  end  of 
night.  Superl.  degree  from 
[exter  and  extt-rus,  post  clas- 
sical], exterior,  extremus,and 
extlmus.     (ex.) 

ex  urge,  or  ex  surge,  exurrexi, 
no  sup.,  3  V.  11. f  I  rise  up. 
(ex,  surgo. ) 

exiiro,  -ussi,  -ustum,  3  v.  o.,  I 
burn  up. 

Fabius,  -ii,  7n.,  Fabius. 

Fabricius,  -ii,  in.,  Fabricius 

fabiila,  -ae,  /.,  fable,  stoiy. 
(fari,  to  say.) 

facilis,  -e,  adj.,  ea.sy,  good- 
natured,    (facio.) 

faclnus,  -Oris,  /?.,  deed,  crime. 
(facio.) 

facio,  fc-ci,  factum,  fjlci^re,  3  v. 
a  ,  I  make,  do.  Facio  cum 
aliquo,  I  take  part  with  any- 
one. 

factum,  -i,  n.y  deed.     (fAcio. ) 

facundia,    -ae,   /.,    eloquence 
(fari,  to  say.) 


fallo,  fefelli,  falsum,  S  v.  a.,  I 
deceive.    {ff(pd\\oj,  d'a<pa\-/}s.) 

falsus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  false, 
(fallo.) 

falx,  falcis,  /.,  sickle. 

fama,  -ae, /.,  renown,    (fari,  to 

familia,  -ae  (old  gen.  -as),  /., 
the  slaves  in  a  household,  a 
household. 

familiaris,  -e,  adj.,  belonging 
to  a  houseliold  (filmllia),  inti- 
mate ;  as  subst.,  friend. 

Favorinus,  -i,  m.,  Favorinus. 

fecundus,  -a,  um,  adj.,  fruit- 
ful. 

feliciter,  happily  :  felicius,  fe- 
licissime.     (folix.) 

fellx,  fC'llcis,  adj.,  happy,  rich. 

fera,  -ae,/.,  wild  beast,  (ferus. ) 

fere,  adr.,  almost. 

ferinus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  of  wild 
beasts,     (ferus.) 

ferme,  adv.,  nearly,  about, 
usually.     (Cf.  fere.) 

fero,  tuli,  latum,  ferre,  3  v.  a., 
I  bear ;  I  tell,  say.  {<p€puj, 
tollo.) 

ferox,  ferocis,  adj.,  fierce.  (Cf. 
ferus. ) 

ferus, -a, -um,  a^/y.,  wild.  (Cf. 
ferox. ) 

fervo,  -vi,  no  sup.,  3,  v.  n.,  I 
grow  hot  ;  commoner  form, 
ferveo,  -bui,  no  sup. ,  2. 

festino,  1.  v.  n.  and  a.,  I  has- 
ten. 

fetus,  -us,  in.,  brood,  offspring. 

fides,  -ei,/.,  faith,  trustworthi- 
ness,    (fido.) 

fides,  -is,  /.,  string,  stringed 
instrument,  lyre  ;  usually  in 
plural  only. 


;i 


112        LATINEXGLISH  FOCABULjnV, 


fiducla, -ae,/.,  trust,  courage. 

(fido.) 
filius,  -ii,  7M.,  son. 
flngo,    -nxi,    -nctum,    3   v.   a., 

I  form,  fashion, 
fio,  f actus,  fieri,  v.  n.,  (used  as 
pass,  of  facio),  I  am  made, 
become, 
firmo,    1    V.  a.,   I   strengthen. 

(Hnnus. ) 
flagitium,  -ii,  n. ,  shameful  act, 

^disgrace,     (flaglto. ) 
fligro,  1  y.  n.,  I  burn,  blaze, 
flavesco,    no    perf.    and   sup., 
3   V.    w.,    I    become    yellow. 
(Inceptive  form  of  fliiveo.) 
flectQ,    -xi,    -xum,   3    v.  a.,   I 

bend. 
fl68,  -oris,  m.,  flower, 
fluctus,  -us,  m.,  wave,    (fluo.) 
fliiito,    I   V.   n  ,  I   float.      (In- 

tensitive  form  of  fluo.) 
foculua,   -i,   m.,    little   hearth, 
brazier.         (diminutive      of 
focus), 
foris,  adv.,  out  of  doors.  (fOris, 

a  iloor. ) 
formido,  -Inis, /.,  fear, 
fors,  fortis,/.,  chance, 
forte.  a'liK,  by  chance,  (abl.  of 

fors. ) 
fortis,  -e,  adj.,  brave, 
fortlter.arf'".,  bravely,  (fortis.) 
fortitudo,    -luis,   /.,    bravery. 

(fortis. ) 
fortuitU3,  -a,  -um,   adj.,   acci- 
dental,    (fors.) 
£rater,      -tris,     w.,      brother. 

((ppdTT]p,  clansman.) 
fraudulentus,  -a,  -um,  a</;.,  de- 
ceitful,    (fraus. ) 
fraus,  fraudis, /.,  deceit, 
fraxinus,  -i,  /".,  ash  tree. 


fremitus,     -us,     m.,    roaring 

(fremo. ) 
frenum,  -i,  n.,  bridle,  bit. 
frons,  frondis,/.,  leafy  branch, 

foliage, 
friigea,  -um.     Cf.  fiux. 
friimentum,  -i,  n.,  corn.     (For 

frfiulmentum,  cf.  frux,  fruor. ) 
frustra,    adc,    in    vain.       (Cf. 

fraus. ) 
fnix,   frfigis,  J.,  fruit.     Nora. 

sing,  rare  ;  more  common  in 

plural.     (Cf.  fruor.) 
fuga,    -ae,  /.,    flight,     (filgio, 

0ci>ya). ) 
fiigitivua,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  fugi- 
tive,    (fngio.) 
fulgeo,  fulsl,  no  sup.,  2  v.  n.,  I 

glitter.  (Cf.  fulgur,lightning. ) 
fondo,  ffidi,  fusum,  3  v.  a.,  I 

pour  out,  scatter, 
fundua,  -i,  m,  farm, 
furtlm,   adv.,   secretly,      (fur, 

thief.) 
fiisua.     Cf.  fundo. 

galea,  -ae, /.,  helmet. 

GallicuB,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  belong- 
ing to  (iaul,  Gallic. 

Gallua,  -i,  m.,  a  Caul. 

Gellius,  -ii,  m.,  Gellius. 

gemitua,  us,  m.,  groan.  (g6mo.) 

gens,  gent  is,  /.,  clan,  race, 
nation.    (Cf.  gigno,  genus.) 

genus,  -eris,  ».,  race,  kind. 
iyevo^,  gens,  gigno.) 

gero,  gessi,  gestuu),  3  v.  a.,  I 
bear,  I  carry  on. 

geato,  1  V.  a.,'l  carry.  (Intens. 
of  gC'ro.) 

gigno,  gfnui,  gCnltum,  3  r.  a., 
I  produce.   (Cf.  gens,  genus.) 

gladius,  -ii,  m.,  sword. 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY, 


113 


gloria,  -ae,  /.,  renown,  glory. 
Graece,  adv.,  in  Greek. 
Graecla,  -ue,/.,  Greece, 
gramen,  -Inis,  n.,  grass, 
gramineus,  -a,  -um,  adj,y  made 

of  grass,     (gramen.) 
grandls,  -e,  adj.,  great,  large, 
abundant.  Grandis  natu,  ad- 
vanced in  age. 
gratia,     -ae,    /.,    favour,    in- 
fluence,   gratitude,    thanks: 
with   agere   in   plural   only. 
In  abl.  gratia,  for  the  sake 
of,  with  gen.     (gratus.) 
CTatulatio,  -onis,  /.,  rejoicing, 
conL'ratulation.     (gratillor.) 
gratulor,  1  v.  d.p-,  1  congratu- 
*         late,  give  thanks,      (gratus.) 
giila,  -ae,/.,  throat. 


habeo,  2v.a.,l  have, 
habito,   1    r.   o.  and  n.,   1  in- 
habit,'dwell  in.     (Inteusitive 

of  habeo.) 
haereo,  haesi,  haesum,  2  v.  n., 

I  stick  to. 
Hannibal,  -Mis,  m.,  Hannil.al. 
naud,  adv.,  not. 
haurlo,  hausi,  haustum,  4  v.  a., 
I  draw  up,  drink,  tear  open, 
wound, 
haut  (or  hand),  adv.,  not. 
hautqua  quam,  or  baud  qua- - 

quam,  adv.,  by  no  means. 
Herclea  (or  Hercftles),  -is  and  -i. 
m.,    Hercules.       For    form 
Hercle,  cf.  iii.  1.  note, 
hichaec,  hoc,  danomtr.  pron., 

this, 
hic,  adv.,  here, 
nilarla,  -e,  adj.,  merry,  amus- 

Mnc,  adv.y  hence,     (hic.) 


hlo,  1  V.  n.,l  open  my  mouth, 

gape.  Kiniis   hiantem,   with 

wide  open  clefts,  lit.,  gaping 

open  with  clefts^ 

Hlapanla,  -ae,/.,  Spain. 

HlspanicuB,      -a,     -um,     adj., 

Spanish. 
Ulstrio,  -onis,  7n.,  actor.  (Etrus- 
can word  hister,  an  actor. ) 
Hodie,  adv.,  to-day.    (^oc  die.) 
nodiernus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  ot  tnia 

day.     (hodie.) 
homo,    -Tnis,    m.,   man.     ^i^i- 

hum  anus.) 
honestus,  -a,  -um,  a((;-,  nonour- 
able,      proper,     respectable, 
(hftiior.)  _  . 

honor,    or    honoa,    -oris,    ?«., 

honour. 
Horatlua,  -ii,  m.,  Horatius. 
hortor,  1  r.  dep.,  I  encourage, 

urge.     (Cf.  6pvvfu,  op/x^-) 
hospea,  -Itis,  m.,  host,  guest, 
stranger.     (Cf.  hostis,  stran- 
ger, enemy.)     ,      .   .      - 
hospita,  -ae,/,  (feminine  form 
of  hospes, )  female  host,  guest, 
stranger, 
hostis,  -is,  c,  enemy, 
huluscemodl,  and  huius  modi, 

of  this  kind.     (Cf.  modus.) 
hiimerua,  -i,  m.,  shoulder. 
hiimiUs,  -e,  adj. ,  low,  humble 
insignificant.  (hCimus,  ground.) 


laclo,  led,  lactum,  3  r.   a.,  I 

throw, 
iara,  adv.,  already,  now. 
ihi,  adv.,  there,  thereupon,  (is.) 
ibidem,  adv.,  in  the  same  place, 

immediately,     (ibi,  dem.  cf. 

idem. ) 


II 


114        LATIN-EXGLISH  VOCABULARY 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABVLARY.        1 1 5 


Ictus,    -us,    m.,   blow,    stroke.-  ^ 
(Obsolete  present  y\QO  2l\\^  icio, 
I  strike.) 

Idclrco,    adv.,   therefore,     (id- 

circo. ) 
idem,    eadem,     idem,    pron., 

same,    (is,  and  suffix  dem.) 
idoneus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  fit. 
igitur,   conj.,  then,  therefore. 

(is,  and  suffix  tur.) 
ignavla,    -ae,   ./:,     cowardice. 

(in-snavus,  lazy,   cowardly  ; 

from     navus,      or     guavus, 

busy.) 
ignis,  -is,  771.,  fire, 
igndminia,    -ae,   /.,    disgrace. 

(in-nomeu,    or  gnumeu,  loss 

of  good  name. ) 
ignore,   I   V.    a.  and  h.,   I  am 

ignorant   of.      (ignarus,   for 


in-gnarus  or  -narus. 


I'gnosco,  -nOvi,  nOtum,  3  v.  a., 
1  pardon,  overlook.  (in- 
gnosco  or  -nosco.) 

i-gnotus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  un- 
known,  (in  -gnotus  or  notus. ) 

ilex,  -Icis,  /".,  holm-oak,  or 
great  scarlet  oak.     Quercus 

ilex  L. 
ilico    (or   illico),   adv.,   oq  the 
spot,       immediately.        (in, 

loco. ) 
ille,  ilia,  illild,  deinonstr.  pron., 

that,  he. 

iUic,  adv.,  in  that  place,  there, 
(ille,  ce.) 

immdbills,  -e,  adj.,  motion- 
less,    (in,  m5veo.)  ^ 

impedio,  -ivi  or  -ii,  -Itum, 
4     V.    a.,    I     hinder.       (in, 

pes. ) 
Imperator,   -oris,  m.,  general. 
(impOro. ) 


imperlum,    -ii,  n.,   command, 

empire,     (impi'ro.) 
impero,  1  v.  a.,  I  command,  1 

rule  over  (dat. ). 
impetro,  1  v.  a.,  I  accomplish, 

obtain. 
Impetus,  -us,  ??j.,  attack,  force. 

(inpeto,  I  rush  upon.) 
im  mitis,  -e,  adj.,  stern. 
in,  ftrep.  gov.  ace.  and  all.,  in, 

into,  on,  against, 
in  cede,  -cessi,  -cessum,  3  o.  n., 

I  approach. 
Incendium,  -ii,   n.,   fire,     (in- 

cendo,  fr.  in,  candeo.) 
incido,  -cidi,  -cisum,  3  v.  a.,  I 
cut  into,  cut  through,  open, 
(in,  caedo.) 
Incipio,  -cC'pi,  -ceptum,  3  v.  a., 
I  begin,     (in,  cftpio,  I  seize 
upon.) 
include,   -si,   -sum,  3  v.  a.,  i 

shut  in.     (claudo.) 
incognitus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  un- 
known,  (in -cognosce. ) 
incoliimis,  -e,  adj.,  uninjured, 

safe. 
incruentus,     -a,     -um,     adj.^ 

bloodless,      (cruer.) 
incurro,     -curri    or    -cdcurri, 
cursum,  3  v.  n.,  I  rush  into, 
rush  against,  attack, 
incursie,  -Onis,  /.,  inroad,  at- 
tack,   (in'curro.) 
Inde,  adv.,  thence,   thencefor- 
ward,     (is.) 
indice,  -xi,  -ctum,  3  v.  a.,  I 

proclaim. 
Indicus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Indian, 
indignus,   -a,    -um,   adj.,   un- 
worthy. 
induce,  -xi,  -ctum,  3  v.  a.,  I 
bring  in,  exhibit. 


Indue,  -ui,  -utum,  3  v,  a.,  I 
put  on.     (eVSi'W.) 

ineptus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  unsuit- 
able, foolish,     (in,  aptus.) 

inexplicabilis,  -e,  adj.,  hard 
to  unfold,  understand,  intri- 
cate,    (in,  ex,  plico,  I  fold.) 

infitiae,  -arum,/.,  denial.  Only 
used  in  ace.  plnr.  in  i^hjase 
infitias  ire,  to  deny.  (in- 
fateor.) 

a.,  I  blow  into  or 


-e,   adj.,   shapeless. 


in -fie,  1  V 

upon. 
Infermis, 

(forma. ) 
infra,  adv. ,  and  prep.  gov.  ace, 
below.  (Forinfenl,  sc.  parte.) 
in-fringe,    -frOgi,    -fractum,    3 
v.    a.,     I     break    in    upon, 
break,      (frango.) 
ingenium,       ii,     n.,      nature, 
talout,  genius.      (in,  gigno.) 
ingens,  -entis,  adj.,  immense, 
in  gratus,    -a,    -um,    adj.,    un- 
grateful, 
ingredior,  -gressus,  3  t- .  drp.,  I 
St c])  into,  advance,  (grildior.) 
in-imicus,  -a,   -um,  adj.,  hos- 
tile ;    as  snhsf.,    an    enemy, 
(in,  Amicus.) 
in-iquus,  -a,  -um,  unccjual,  un- 
fair, dangerous,  (in,  ae^uus.) 
in-iuratus,   -a,   -um,   adj.,  un- 
sworn,  relieved   from   oath, 
(in,  iuro.)  . 

iniurla,  -ae, /,  wrong,  insult. 

(in,  ius.) 
inlecebra,  or  illecehra,  -ae,  J., 
attraction,    allurement,     (il- 

licio.) 
inlustris,  or  iUustris,  -e,  adj., 
famous,     (inlubtio,    I   make 
light. ) 


inmanis,  or  immanls,  -e,  adj., 
fierce,    (in,  manus,  old  Latin 
word  ==  bonus:      cf.    manes, 
good  spirits. ) 
inmensus,    -a,    -um,    adj.,  im 

nK-a-urable.    (metior.) 
inmerite,   adv.,   undeservedly. 

(in,  mereo.) 
in-mitto,  -misi,  -niissum,  3 
v.  a.,  I  send  in,  thrust  in, 
carry  in,  incite  or  suborn 
against.  Used  absolutely, 
sc.  equum,  urge  horse  for- 
ward, vi.  9. 
inmortalis,  or  immertalis,  -e, 

adj.,  immortal. 
in-6pinatus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  un- 
expected,   (in,  opinor.) 
in-peritus,  -a,   -um,  unskilled, 
inperfectus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  not 
thoroughly      finished,      un- 
finished,    (fricio) 
inplumis,  -e,  adj. ,  unfcathered, 

unfledged,     (pluma.) 
in  pone,    -p6sui,    -pOsitum,    3 

V.  «.,  I  place  on. 

inquam,  r.  n.,  defective,  I  say. 

in- quire,  -sivi,  -situm,  3  v.  a.,  I 

search    into,   examine,     (in, 

quaero.) 

inridee,  -rlsi,  -risum,  2  v.  a. 

and  n.,l  laugh  at. 

insania,  -ae,/. ,  madness,  (sanus. ) 

inscende,  -endi,  -ensum,  3  v.a., 

1  climb  up,  mount,  (scando.) 

insidee,  -sOdi,  -sessum,  2v.n., 

I  sit  on,  occupy.  (sGdeo.) 
in-sidiae,  -arum,  f,  J>lur.  only. 
ambush,  treachery.  (in- 
sldco.) 
insigne,  -is,  n.,  badge,  orna- 
ment, (in-signis,  disting- 
uished by  a  mark,  signum.) 


11 G        LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY.         11 


Inslsto,  -stiti,  no  sup.,  3  v.  w., 
I  stand  on,  rest  on,  per- 
sist. 

Insolens,  -entis,  adj.y  unac- 
customed to,  with  gen.  (in, 
s6leo. ) 

Insolenter,  adv. ,  haughtily. 
(iu'solens. ) 

Inspecto,  1  v.  a.,  I  look  upon. 
(Frequentative  of  in'spicio, 
from  specio.) 

instinctus,  -a,  -um,  part.  fr.  in- 
stinguo. 

instinguo,  -nxi,  -nctum,  3  v.  a., 
I  incite.  (Only  in  perf.  part, 
pass,  in  classical  writers. ) 

instituo,  -ui,  -utum,  3  v.  a.y 
I  determine.     (stAtuo.) 

insto,  -stiti,  no  sup.,  1  v.  n. ,  I 
stand  upon,  press  upon,  in- 
sist. 

in'struo,  -xi,  -ctum,  3  v.  a.,  I 
build  upon,  I  draw  up,  ar- 
range. 

Insuesco,  -evi,  -etum,  3  v.  n., 
I  am  accustomed. 

insula,  -ae,  /. ,  island,  lodging- 
house. 

integer,  -gra,  -gruni,  ac//.,  un- 
touched, sound,     (tango.) 

intellego,  -exi,  -ectuni,  3  v.  a., 
I  perceive,  understand, 
(inter,  l<?go.) 

inter,  prep.  (jov.  ace,  between. 


among. 


inter  ea,  adi\,  meanwhile, 
(inter 'ea,  from  is.) 

inter  dico,  -xi,  -ctum,  3  v.  a.,  I 
forbid. 

intereo,  -ii,  -Itum,  4  v.  n.,  I 
die.  (Lit.,  I  go  among 
several  things,  and  so,  dis- 
appear. ) 


inter'flcio,  -feci,  -fectum,  3  v. 

a.,  I  kill,     (facio,  lit.,  I  put 

between. ) 
interim,      adv.,       meanwhile. 

(iuter,  im  old  ace.  of  is.) 
interitus,  -us,  w.,  ruin,  death. 

(intereo.) 
interprea,    -fitis,    com.^    inter- 
preter, 
inter  rogo,  1  v.  a.,  I  question, 

ask. 
intimus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  inmost, 

superlative  from  [intCrus,  not 

found  ;   cf.  inter  and  intra], 

interior, 
intra,  adv.,  Q.nd prep.  gov.  ace, 

within, 
in'trepidus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  fear- 
less. 
intrSdiico,  -xi,  -ctum,  3  v.  a., 

I  bring  in,  introduce. 
intro'eo,    -Ivi   or   -ii,   -Itum,  4 

V.  n.,  I  go  in,  enter, 
introgredior,  -gressus,3?'.  rfe/)., 

I  step  in,  enter,     (gridior. ) 
introrumpo,  -rfipi,  -ruptum,  3 

V.  ti. ,  I  burst  into, 
in  venlo,  - vOni,  -ventum,  4  v.  a. , 

I  come  upon,  tind. 
in'visus,  -a,   -um,  adj.,  hated. 

(in-video,  I  look  at  with  evil 

eye,  hate.) 
ipse,  -a,  -um,  demotiHtr.  pron.y 

himself,  herself,  itself. 
ira,  -ae,/.,  an^er. 
is,  ea,  id,  demon^tr.  pron.,i\\di,t, 

he,  she,  it. 
i  iste,  -a,  -tid,  demoiintr.  pron.y 

that     of     yours,    that    near 

you. 
istic,  -aec,   oc  or  -uc,  demonstr. 

pron.,    that   of    yours,   that 

near  you.    (For  iste'ce.) 


Ita,  adv.,  thus,  so. 
Italia,  -ae,/.,  Italy, 
item,  adv.,  likewise,  also,    (is.) 
iter,  itlneris,  n.,  journey,    (eo.) 
iterum,  adv.,   a   second   time, 
again.      (Ace.  sing,  of  com- 
parative form  from  is.) 
itidem,  adv.,  in  like  manner. 

(ita,  dem.) 
iubeo,  iussi,  iussum,  2  r.  a.,  I 

order, 
iucunde,      adv.,      pleasantly. 

(iucundus. ) 
iucundus,  -a,   -um,  adj.,  plea- 
sant, delightful.     (i6cus. ) 
iudex,  -Icis,  m.,  judge,     (ms, 

dico.) 
iudico,  1  V.  a.,  1  judge,  decide. 

(ius,  dico.) 
lulianus,  -i,  m.,  Julian, 
mpiter  (or  lupplter),  lOvis,  m., 
Jupiter,  Jove.    (lovis' pater  : 
cf.    Zei'S   irar-hp.     lovis   from 
root  div,  bright.) 
iiiro  and  \\\toy  [dep.),  1  u.  a. ,  I 

swear,     (ius.) 
ius,  iuris,  n.,  right,  law,  jus- 
tice.     (Root   iu,    join  :     cf. 

fci'ryi/i'Mt-)       ...  ,. 

lusiurandum,  lurisiurancli,  n., 

oath,     (ius,  iuro.) 
lustuB,   -a,   -um,    adj.,    right, 
fair,     (ius.) 


L. ,  for  Lucius. 

labor,  -oris,  m.,  toil,  labour. 

Lacedaemonius,  -a,    um,  adj., 

Lacedavmonian,  Spartan. 
LaconicuB,   -a,   -um,  adj.,   La- 

conian,  Lacedaemonian, 
lacrimo,     1     r.     n.,    I    weep. 

(lacrlma  :  cf.  hiKpv,  tear.) 
laetltia,  -ae,/.,  joy.    (laetus.) 


laetus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  glad,  rich, 
lambo,  -bi,  -bltum,  3  v.  a.,  I 

lick, 
lamenta,  orum,  n.,  phir.  only, 

wailing,  lamentation, 
lana,  -ae,/.,  wool. 
lanio,  \  V.  a.,  1  tear,  mangle. 

(Cf.  lAcer,  torn  to  pieces. ) 
lat^  adv.,  widely,  (latus.) 
latibra,   -ae,  /.,   hiding  place. 

(l.lteo,  I  lie  hid.) 

latibrosus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  full 
of  hiding  places  ;  hidden,  re- 
tired.    (latObra.) 
Latine,  adv.,  in  Latin. 
Latlnus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Latin, 
latro,  1  v.n.,  I  bark,  bark  at. 
latus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  broad, 
latus,  -a,  -um,  part,  of  f^ra 
latus,  ^ris,  n.,  side, 
laudo,  1  r.  a.,  I  praise,    (laus.) 
laurus,  -us,/.,  bay  tree,  laurel 

tree, 
laus,  laudis,/,  praise. 
laxo,   \  V.  a.,  1  loosen,  relax. 

(laxus  ;  cf.  languidus.) 
legatus,    -i,    m.,    ambassador, 
lieutenant,   (lego,  -are,  I  send 
with  a  charge,  depute.) 
lego,  lexi,  -ctum,  3  v.  a.,  I  col- 
lect, choose  out,  read.   (X^7'^> 
X670S,  dilegens.) 
leniter,  arfr.,  gently.       (leiiis  : 

cf.  lentus.) 
leo,  -Onis,  m.,  lion,     {\ioiv.) 
lepide,   adv.,  charmingly,  hu- 
morously.    (Icpldus. ) 
lepidus,    a,  -um,  adj.,  charm - 
ing,humorous.  (lepos,charm. ) 
Lesbius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Lesbian, 

of  Lesbos. 
l8vo,  1  V.  a.,  1  raise  up,  relieve. 
(Cf.  levis,  light.) 


118        LATIN-ENGLISU  VOCABULAnY. 


lex,  legls, /.,  laT7. 

libenter,  adv. ,  gladly, willingly. 

(libet.) 
liber,    -bri,   on.,    book.     (Lit,, 

inner  bark  of  tree.) 
liberalis,   -e,  adj.,  befitting   a 
freeman,     decorous,     noble. 
(liber.) 
libero,    1    v.    a.,    I    set    free. 

(liber. ) 
libra,    -ae,   /.,    pound.      (Cf. 

Xirpa. ) 
Kcet,  licuit  and  llcitum  est,  2 
r.  n.,  defective,  it  is  allow- 
able, 
ligneus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  wooden. 

(lignum.) 
lignum,  -i,  n.,  what  is  gathered 

(If^go)  as  firewood,  wood, 
lineamentum,   -i,  «.,   feature. 

(llnea,  a  line.) 
Ungua,  -ae,  /. ,  tongue, 
lis,  litis,/.,  lawsuit, 
litiglosus,    -a,    -um,    quarrel- 
some,    (lis.) 
littera  (or  litera),  -ae,  /.,  letter. 

(lino.) 
locus,  -i,  nom.  plur.   -i  and  -a, 

m.,  place,  position,  rank, 
longe,  adv.,  far  off,  by  far. 
longus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  ,long,farofT. 
loquor,    -cutus,    3    v.    dep.,    I 

speak,  say. 
lorum,  -i,  n. ,  thong,  leash. 
Lucius,  -ii,  m.j  Lucius, 
luctus,     -us,     m.,     mourning. 

(Ifigeo.) 
lugeo,  -xi,  [-ctum],  2  v.  n.  and 

a. ,  I  mourn,  mourn  for. 
lugdbrls,    -e,   adj.,    mournful. 

(lugeo.) 
Lusitanus,   -a,   -um,    adj.^    of 
Lusitania. 


lux,  lucis,/.,  light,  day.  Lucis 
ortu,  at  sunrise  ;  prima  luce, 
at  dawn,     (luceo. ) 

M.,  for  Marcus. 

magis,  adv. ,  more  :  compara- 
tive degree  from  magn6pt?re, 
magis,  maxime.  (Kootmagh: 
cf.  iJtfyas.) 
magister,  -tri,  m.,  master. 
(mAgis  and  comparative 
suffix  ter. ) 
magnitudo,     -Inis,    /.,     size. 

(magnus.) 
magnus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,    great. 

(Root  magh  :  cf.  ^1^705.) 
maior,   maius,  adj.,  compara- 
tive degree  of  magnus,  maior, 
maxinnis. 

mandatum,  -i,  «.,  command, 
(mando.) 

mando,  1  v.  a.,  I  entrust,  com- 
mand, enjoin  upon.  Mando 
litteris,  I  commit  to  writing, 
(manus,  do.) 

maneo,  -nsi,  -nsum,  2  v.  n.,  I 
remain. 

Manlius,  -ii,  m.,  Manlius. 

mansuetus,  -a,  -um,  part,  from 
mansuesco,  tamed,  gentle. 

mansuesco,  -silC-vi,  saotum,  3  v. 
a.  and  ».,  I  tame,  grow  tame. 
( Manus,  suesco,  1  accustom  to 
the  hand.) 

manus,  -as,/.,  hand,  band. 

Marcus,  -i,  ?«.,  Marcus, 

mare,  -is,  ?/.,  sea.  (Root  mar, 
to  shine:  cf.  marmor.) 

maritimus,  -a,  -um,  belonging 
to  the  sea,  maritime,  (mare.) 

maritus,       i,     m.,     husband. 

(mas.) 
mater,-tris.y.,  mother.  (fxriTrjp.) 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULABY. 


119 


mater  •famiUas,matris-fiimilias, 
/:,  mother  of  a  family,  matron. 

m'atrimonium,  -ii,  n.,  marriage, 
(mater. ) 

matrona,      -ae,     /,     matron. 

(mater.) 
maturesco,  -rui,  no  sup.,  .^  i- 

n.  nicpptivr,  I  become  ripe, 
maximus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  great- 
est ;  superlative  degree,  from 

mai^Mius,  maior. 
medeor,  no  perf.,  2  v.  dep.,  1 

cure, 
medicina,    -ae,   /,    medicine, 

remedy.      (From  adj.  mf^dl- 

cinus,  HC.  ars.) 
medicinus,  -a,  -um,  m^.,  metli- 

cal.     (Cf.  medeor.) 
medlcus,  -i,  m.,  doctor.     (Lt. 


n.,  I 


medeor.) 
medlus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  miaaie. 

(Macros.)       _ 
membrum,  -1,  n.,  11m o. 
memoria,  -ae, /.,  memory,  re 
collection,  story.     (mOmor.) 
memoro,  1  r.  a.,  I  call  to  re- 
membrance,   I    relate.     (Ct. 
memoria.) 
Menander,  -dri,  m.,  Menander. 

(MeVavSpos.) 
mendacium,  -ii,  n.,  lie.    (men- 

dax,  mentior.) 
mens,  mentis,/.,  mind.    (Root 

mem  ;  cf.  memini.) 
mentior,  4  r.  dep.,  I  tell  lies. 
(Lit.,    I   invent,    root  men: 
cf.  mens.) 
merces,  -Cdis,/, price.  (m6reor, 

1  earn.^ 
mercor,   1  v.   dep.  a.,  I   buy. 

(merx,  merchandise,  mCreor.) 
mereor,  2  v.  dep.,   I  deserve, 

earn,     (^^pos,  share.) 


meridianus,   -a,  -um,  adj.,  oi 

mid  -  day.       (merldies      for 

medi-     dies,    from    m6dius, 

dies.)  . 

messis,  -is,  ace.  -em  and  -im, 

/;,  harvest,    (m^to.) 
Metbymnaeus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  of 

Methymna.     {"Slrjdvfxva.) 
meto,  messui,  messum,  3  v.  a., 

I  reap.    (Cf.  messis.) 
metus,  -us,  on.,  fear. 
1  mens,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  my. 
'  mice,   -ui,  no  sup.,  1  v. 
glitter. 
migro,  1  V.  w.,  I  depart  from, 

quit.     (Cf.  meo,  I  go.) 
miles,  -Itis,  c,  soldier. 
Milesius,     -a,     -um,    adj.,    ot 

Miletus. 
Miletus,  ■{,/.,  Miletus,  a  town 

in  Asia  Minor.     ( MiXtjtos. ) 
militaris,    -e,    adj.,    military. 

(miles.) 
Milo,  -onis,  m.,  Milo. 
ministro,  1  v.  a.,  I  wait  upon, 
serve  up,   hand,     (minister, 
servant. ) 
minor,  -us,  adj.,  less,  compara- 
tive of  parvus.     (Root  min  : 
cf .  minuo,  I  lessen. ) 
minor,   1  v.  dep.,   I  threaten. 

(minae,  threats.) 
mirandus,  -a,  -um,  wonderful : 

gpr.  of  mlror. 
mirificus,    a,  -um,  adj.,  caus- 
ing     wonder,      marvellous, 
(mirus,  filcio.) 
miror,  1  v.  dep. ,  I  wonder  at. 

(Cf.  mlrus.) 
mirus,   -a,  -um,  adj.,  wonder- 
ful. , 
miser,  -era,  -erumja^/j., wretch- 
ed.    (Root  mi:  cf.  mlnuo.) 


120 


LA  TIN-ENGLISH  VOCA  B  ULA  H  K. 


miserandus,  -a,  -um,  pitiable: 

nn-undivt  of  mlseror. 
mi8eror,li;.dep.,Ipity.  (miser.) 
mitis,  -e,  adj.,  gentle. 
Mitridates,  -is  and  -i,  w-,  J>ii^- 

ridates  or  Mithridates. 
mitto,  misi,  missum,  3  y.  a.,  1 

send.  -  ,  , 

mobilis,  -e,  adj. ,  movable,  fickle. 
(For  movil)ilis,  from  mOveo  ) 
modestus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  mod- 
erate,     virtuous,     discreet. 
(iTi6dus.) 
modo,    adv.,   only,      (l^it.,    Dy 

measure,  m5dus.) 
modus,  -i,  w.,  measure,  man- 
ner,   huiusmodi,  of  this  sort, 
moenia,   -ium,   ?».,  plur.   only, 
defensive    walls,     ramparts. 
(Cf.  mrinio.) 
mollis,    -e,    orfj.,    easy,    soft. 

(moveo.)  . 

moneo,  2  v.  a.,  I  warn,  advise, 

remind, 
monile,  -is,  n.,  coU^,  necklace, 
monimentum,    -i,    n.,     monu- 
ment,    (m^neo,  I  remind.) 
mens,  montis,  w.,  mountain       , 
moribundus,     -a,     -um,    adj., 

dying.     (m5rior.) 
morior,  mortuus,  3  r.  n.,  i  clie. 
mordsus,    -a,   -um,   adj.,    bad- 
tempered, 
mors,      mortis,      /.,       cleatli. 

(Cf.  mOrior.) 
mos,      moris,      m.,       manner, 
custom.     More  ursino  like  a 
bear.    De  more,  according  to 
custom,  as  usual, 
mox,  adr.,  soon. 
muUibris,  -e,  adj.,   womanly. 

(malier.) 
miUler,  -eris,/.,  woman. 


multo  (or  mulctD),   1  «.  a.,  I 

punish,  fine, 
multus,   -a,   -um,  adj.,  many, 

much.     Comp.,  plus;   sup., 

plurlmus. 
mundus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  clean, 

tidy.  .  , 

munimentum,  -i,  n.,  fortitica 

tion.     (munio) 
munio,  4  v.  n.,  1  fortify.      (t.t. 

inocnia,  mfirus.) 
murmur,  -ilris,  «.,  complaint, 
murus, -i,  w.,  wall.   (Rootmu: 

cf.  munio,  moenia.) 
mutuus,    -a,    -um,    adj.,    bor- 
rowed, lent,  (muto,  I  change.) 


nam,  co)\j.,  for. 

nanciscor,  nactua,  and  nanctus, 

3  r.  dip.,  I  obtain,  reach, 
narls,   -is,   /.,    nostril,    nose; 

usually  in  plural, 
narro,   1  v.  a.,   I  tell,  relate 
(Cf.    i-gnarus,    nosco  ;    root 
;^'na,  know.) 
nascor,  nfitus,  3  r.  (/e;?.,  1  am 

born,  spring  up. 
natio,   -onis,  /.,  race,   nation. 

(nascor.) 
natura,  -ae,/.,  nature.    Kediit 
in  naturam,  it  returned  to  its 
natural  position,    (nascor.) 
natus,    -us,    m.,     birth,    age. 
Natu   grandis,   advanced   m 
age.     (nascor.) 
naula.     Cf.  navita.    ,    ^  .  .    . 
navalis,  -e,  af/j.,  naval,  (navis.) 
navls,  -is,/.,  ship.     (»'ai'S.) 
navita    (or    nauta),    -ae,    m., 

sailor,     (navis.) 
ne,  a(/y.  and  conj.,  not,  m  order 

that  not,  lest. 
-ii8,  enf^tVtc  interrog.  particle. 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


121 


nebulo,  -onis,  vi.,  worthless 
fellow,  (nebtlla,  mist:  ct. 
nul)es,  cloud.) 

nee,  neither,  nor,  and  not. 

necesse,   adj.,    nom.    and    ace.  , 
water  only,  necessary. 

neco,  Ir.  a.,lkill.     [Ci.yiKvs, 

corpse.) 
negligo,     and    neglego,     -exi, 

-ectum,   3   r.   a.,   i   neglect. 

(ncc,  li^go,  I  do  not  pick  up.) 
nego,  1  V.  n.  and  a.,  1  deny, 

refuse, 
nemo,  -Inis,  pron.,  no  one.  (ne, 

homo. ) 
nequaquam,      ml  v.,    by     no 

means, 
neque,  neither,  nor,  and  not. 
nex.    n(^cis,  /.,  violent  death. 
(nOco.)  ,,  ^,  . 

nidulus,    -i,   m.,  a  little  nest. 

(demin.  of  iiTdus.) 
nihil,  ml,  n.,  iiidecl.,  nothing, 
nihilo,  by  nothing;   cf.   n\hl- 
lum.      Used   with  compara-  , 
tives,  nihilo  minus,  none  the 
less, 
nihilom,  -i,  n.,  nothing, 
nimis,  adv.,  too  much, 
nimium,  adv.  and  s^ihst.,  too 

much. 
niBi,  conj.,  unless, 
nitor,  nlsus    and    nixus,    3   v. 
de/K  ,  I  strive.  ,  ,      ,    , 

nobilis,    -e,    adj.,    celebrated, 
noble.     (For   gnobilis,    from 
nosco  or  gnosco.) 
nomen,   -Inis,  n.,  name.     (Ct. 

nosco. ) 
non,  adv. ,  not.  , 

nonne,  interrog.  adv.,\B  not! 
nonnuUuB,  -a,  -um,  adj.y  some, 
several. 


nos,  plnr.  of  ego,  we.   (Cf.  vw.) 
nos  metipsl,  we  ourselves, 
nosco,  novi,  notum,  3  v.  a.,  I 

know.    (Or  gnosco,  root  gno  : 

cf.  nomen,  nobilis.) 
noster,  -tra,  -trum,  adj.,  our. 

(nos.) 
nota,    -ae,   /.,    mark,    brand. 

(nosco.) 
notus,   -a,   -um,   known,  part. 

from  nosco. 
I  novem,  numer.,  nine, 
novus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  new. 
nox,  noctis,/.,  night,     {vv^.) 
noxa,    -ae,   /.,    injury,    harm. 

(n6ceo.) 
nubo,  -psi,  -ptum,  3  v.  n.,  lam 
married  (of  the  woman),  with 
dative.     (Lit.,  I  veil  myself: 
cf.  nubes.) 
nudus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  bare,  un- 
armed, 
nullus,    -a,   -um,    adj.,    none. 
(ne-ullus.)  . 

numen,  -inis,  n.,  nod,  will,  divi- 
nity,   (nuo.) 
numerus,  -i,  in.,  number.    ((A. 
v^fxu,  I  distribute,  nummus.) 
nunc,   adv.,   now.      (num'ce  : 

cf.   PVV.) 

nunquam,   adv.,   never,      (ne- 

unquam. ) 
nuntio,    1    v.  a.,   I  announce, 

report.     (Cf.  n6vus.) 
nusquam,  «(? I'.,  nowhere,    (ne- 

usquam. ) 


6b,  prep.  gov.  ace,  on  account 

obiicio,  and  obicio,  obieci, 
obiectum,  3  v.  a.,  I  throw 
before,  I  reproach  with, 
(jacio. ) 


I  i       ! 


122         LATIKENGLISn  VOCABVLABY. 


Ob -lino,  -levi,  -lltum,  3  v.  a.,  1 

smear  over, 
oboedlo,  4  v.  n.,  I  obey,  with 

dative,     (ob,  audio.) 
oborior,    -ortus,   4  v.   dep.,   I 

prow,  spring  up. 
ob-pito   (or   oppeto),    -ivi    or 
-ii,    -itum,    3    i'.    a.,    I    en- 
counter. 
Ob  pugno  (or  oppugno),  1  v.  a., 

1  fight  against,  attack, 
obsecro,    1  v.    a.,    I   beseech, 
entreat,     (sacro,   lit.,   I  ask 
on     religious     grounds,     ob 
sacrum. ) 
obsideo,  -sedi,  -sessum,  2  i\  n., 

I  besiege.     (s6deo.) 
obsidio,  -ouis, /.,  siege.      (ob- 
sideo.) 
ob  servo,    1    v.  a.,    I    notice, 

attend  to. 
obtineo,  -ui,  -tentum,  2  v.  a., 

I  hold,     (teneo.) 
ob  venio,    -vCni,    -ventum,     4 
V.  n.,  I  come  in  way  of,  fall 
to  lot  of. 
ob-viam,  adt\,  with  dative,  in 
the  way.     Obviam  ire,  pro- 
gredi,   etc.,  alicui,    to   meet 
anyone,     (via.) 
obvlus,   -a,   -um,  adj.,  in  the 

way.     (via.) 
occido,  -cldi,  clsum,  3  v.  a.,  I 

kill,     (caedo.) 
occupD,   1  V.  a.,   I  seize,  take 

hold  of.    (ob,  cnpio.) 
octo,  num.,  eight.  ^   {6ktu}.) 
octoginta,  nnm.,  eighty, 
oculus,  -i,  w.,  eye.     (Cf.  6(T(re, 
the     two     eyes  ;      6<T<xofiaL, 
I  see.) 
ol'fero,     obtfili,     oblatum,     3 
V.  a.jl  otter,  present. 


oflficlum,  -ii,  v.,  service,  work, 

duty.     (For  opificium,  opus, 

f  iicio. ) 
olea,  -ae,/.,  olive  tree.    (Aa/a.) 
oleagineus,   -a,    -um,    adj.,   of 

the  olive.    (Olea.) 
oleum,  -i,  n  ,  olive  oil.  (HXaiov.) 
omitto,  -mlsi,  -missum,  3  r.  a., 

I  neglect,     (ob,  mitto,  I  let 

go) 
omnis,  -e,  adj.,  all. 

opera,  -ae,/.,  work.  (Cf.  /'»pus  ) 
opimus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  rich,  fat, 

choice. 
opinio,  -onis,  /.,  opinion,  sup- 
position,    (oplnor.) 
opperior,  -perltus  and  -pertus, 
4  r.  dcp.,  I  wait  for.      (Cf. 
experior   and   peritus,   from 
obsolete  perior.) 
oppidum,  -i,  n.,  town, 
op  pleo,  -evi,  -etum,  2  v.  a.,  I 

fill  up. 
opprimo,  -essi,  -essum,  3r.  a., 
I     press     against,     oppress, 
crush,     (pro  mo.) 
[ops],  6pis,  / ,  nom.   sing,  not 
used,    power,    wealth,  help. 
(Cf.  6pulentus.) 
optimus,   -a,  -um,    superlative 

of  b6nus.     (Cf.  ops.) 
opto,    1    V.    a.,    I    wish   for. 
(Root     op,    pick     out :     cf. 
b^'OfJiai.) 
optulit  (or  obtiilit),  fr.  oflf^ro. 
oraciilum,  -i,  ».,  oracle,    (oro.) 
oratio,  -onis,/.,  speech,    (oro.) 
Orestes,     -is    or    -i,    Orestes. 

COp^crrr/s.)  . 

orlor,  ortus,  4  v.  dfp. ,  1  arise. 
Sol  oriens, sunrise.  (Cf.«pvv/u. ) 

omatus,  -us,  ??i.,  attire,  (orno.) 
orno,  1  V.  a. ,  1  adorn. 


LATIK-ESGLISn  VOCABULARY.        123 


1    i 


oro,  1  V.  a.,  I  pray  for,  beg.  (os.) 

orthius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  high. 
Carmen  orthium,  vbixo^  6pdios: 
cf.  note  XXXV.  21. 

ortus,  -us,  m.,  rising.  (6rior.) 
solis  ortu,  at  sunrise. 

08,  oris,  n.,  mouth,  face. 

6s,  ossis,  n.,  bone.     {d(TTiov.) 

Osce,  adv.,  in  Oscan. 

ostendo,  -di,  -sum  and  -turn,  3 
V.  a.,  I  show,     (obs-tendo.) 

ostento,  1  V.  a.,  I  show  ;  fre(i. 
form  fr.  ostendo. 

etiosus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  unoccu- 
pied, free,  quiet,     (otium. ) 


p.  for  Publius,  -ii,  7n.,  Publius. 
pabiilum,  -i,  n.,  food,  (pasco.) 
paciscor,  -i,  pactus,  3  v.  dep., 

a.  and  ».,   I  agree,  bargain. 

(Cf.  pax,  pactum.) 
pactum,     -i,     n.,     agreement, 

manner,     (piciscor.) 
palam,  adv.,  openly. 
Palatium,   -ii,  ??.,  the  Palatine 

hill. 
palma,  -ae,/,  palm, 
palmes,   -Itis,   m.,   vine-shoot. 

(palma.) 
palus,  -udis,/.,  marsh.   {irrjXds, 

mud.)  ,  /  1 

pango,    ]}(^v^iih    pactum    (also 

panxi    and   pegi,    panctum), 

3  V.  a.,  I  settle.     (Cf.  pax.) 
Papirius,  -ii,  m.,  Papirius. 
par,  pAris,  adj.,  eciual. 
parco,    pOperci,    rarely    parsi, 

parcltum     and     parsum,     3 

r.  n.,  with  dat.,  1  spare, 
parens,     -entis,     c,      parent. 

(pario.) 
pareo,   2  r.   n.,   with   dative, 

I  obey. 


p&rio,  pOperi,  pantum  and  par- 
tum,  3  V.  a.,  I  beget,  pro- 
duce. 

pars,  partis,/,  part,  side. 

partus,  -us,  m.,  birth,  off'sprmg. 

(pario.) 
parum,,.ar/r.,    too   little.    (Cf. 

parvu's.) 
parvus,    -a,    -um,  adj.,  small. 

(rf.  paucus.) 
pastus,  -us,  m.,  food,  pasture. 

(pasco.  )^ 
pater,      patris,      7n.,      father. 
(Trarrip,        root        pa  :         cf. 
pasco. ) 
patior,    passus,    3    v.    dep.,    i 
suflfer,  allow.     Aegre  passus, 
displeased, 
paucus,    -a,    -um,    adj.,    few. 
(Root     pau  :       cf.      iraOpos, 
paulus.) 
paulatlm,    adv.,    by    degrees, 

gradually,     (paulus,  little. ) 
pave-facio,    -feci,    -factum,    3 

V.  a.,l  terrify.     (piWeo.) 
pax,    pacis,  /,   peace.     (Root 
pac,  make  firm  :  cf .  paciscor, 
pango,  irriyvvfxi.) 
pectus,      -oris,      n.,      breast  : 

mind, 
pecunia,  -ae,  f.,  money.  (pScus, 
cattle     being     the     original 
standard  of  value.) 
pedester,    -tris,   -tre,   adj.,  on 
foot  ;  in  plur.  assubst.,  foot- 
soldiers,    (pes.) 
Pelasgus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Pelas- 


gian. 
Peloponnensiacus,  -a,  -um,  adj.t 

Peloponnesian. 

penitus,    adv.,    deeply,    thor- 
oughly. 

per,  prep.  gov.  ace,  througn. 


124        LATIX-ENGLISII  VOCABULARY. 


percallesco,  -lui,  no  sup.,  3  v. 
a,,  I  am  well  versed  in,  know 
well.     (Inceptive  form  from 
per-calleo  :  cf.  calUdus.) 
percontor,  1  v.  <^/f^/).,  I  enquire, 
percrebesco  (orpercrebresco), 
bui  (or  brui),  no  sup.,  3  v.  n., 
I  spread  abroa*!.    (creber.) 
per-cutio,  cussi,  cussum,  3r. «., 
I  strike,     securi  percutio,  I 
behead,     (quatio.) 
per  do,  -didi,  -ditum,  3  v.  a.,  I 

lose, 
peren-die,    adv.,    on  the   day 
after     to-morrow.        {ir^pav, 
dies. ) 
pereo,  -ii  or  -Ivi,  -itum,  4  i'.  n. , 

I  pass  away,  die. 
per  fodio,  -fodi,  -fossum,  3  r.  a. , 
I  dig  through,  pierce  through. 
Perlander,  -dri.  m.,  Periander. 
Pericles,  -is  or  -i,  m.,  Pericles, 
periculum,  -i,  n.,  danger, 
peritus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  skilled. 
(Tart.    fr.    obsolete    perior : 
cf.  op'perior.) 
per-metior,  -ensus,  4  v.  dep.  a., 
I    measure    through,    travel 
over, 
per  mitto,  mlsi,  missum,  3  t'.a., 

I  suffer,  allow. 
per'mSveo,  -movi,  -motum,  2  v. 
a.,  I  move  thoroughly,  rouse, 
disturb, 
permutatlo,  -onis,/.,  exchange. 

(per'muto. ) 

per-muto,  1  v.  a.,  I  exchange. 

perpetior,  pessus,  3  v.  dep.  n. 
and  a.,  I  suffer,  endure, 
(p&tior.) 

per'suadeo,  -suasi,  suiisum,  2 
V.  a.,  I  convince,  per- 
suade. 


per  taedet,  -taesum  est,  2  r.  n., 
impersonal  ;  it  thoroughly 
wearies.  (Ace.  of  person 
affected,  and  gen.  of  thing  or 
person  causing  the  weari- 
ness.) 

per'venio,  -veni,  -veutum,  4  v. 
n. ,  I  arrive  at. 

pes,  pedis,  ni.,  foot.  (Cf.  ttoDs, 
Tro56?. ) 

pestilentia,      ae,   /.,     plague. 

(pestis. ) 

Petillus,  -ii,  m.,  Pctilius. 

peto,  -ivi  or  -ii,  -Itum,  3  r. 
a.,  I  seek,  ask  for.  (Lit.,  to 
fall  upon  :  cf.  tt^tttw.  ) 

petulantia,  -ae,  /.,  impudence. 
(Obsolete  p6talo  :  of.  pt^to.) 

phalerae,  -arum,/.,  plur.  only, 
ornaments  for  chests  and 
foreheads  of  horses.  ((pdXapa. ) 

Philemon  (or  Philemo),  -onis, 
;h.,  Philemon.     ("InX-qixuv.) 

philosophuB,  -i,  m.,  philo- 
sopher.     {<f>l\6(T04>Oi.  ) 

Phrygla,  -ae,/.,  Phrygia. 

piget,  piguit  and  plgltum  est, 
2  v.  IK  (rarely  used  person- 
ally), it  troubles,  displeases. 

pinna,  or  penna,  -ae,  /., 
feather.  (Koot  pet:  cf.  ri- 
To/xai,  I  fly.) 

Piraeus,  -i,  the  Piraeus,  port  of 
Athens. 

pius,  -a,-um,  a'//., dutiful,  kind. 

placeo,  2  V.  n.,  I  am  pleasing; 
often  used  impersonally, 
placet  mihi,  it  pleases  me, 
seems  good  to  me,  is  my 
opinion  ;  of  the  senate,  it  is 
resolved,  detennined. 

pl&clde,  adv.,  gently,  quietly, 
(placldus,  placeo.) 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY.         125 


plane,   adv.,   clearly,   plamly. 

(planus,  level.) 
plebs,    plebis    (or    plebes,    -ei 

and    -is),   /.,    the    common 

peoi)le. 
plerusque,      -aque,      -unique, 

adj.,     very      many,      most. 

(plerus  :  cf.  plenus,  root  pie, 

fill.) 
plumo,  1  V.  a.  and  ».,  I  cover, 
or  am  covered  with,  feathers, 
am  fledged,     (pluma.) 
plus,  pluns,  adj.,  more  :    com- 
parative of  multus. 
Plutarchus,  -i,  m.,  Plutarch, 
pociilum,    -i,   n.,   cup,   goblet. 

(Cf.  potus,  a  draught.) 
Poenicus,    -a,   -um,    adj.      Cf. 

i'oeiiua. 
Poenus,   -a,    -um,  Punic,    Car- 
thaginian.    Cf.  ix.  8  note, 
poena,    -ae,   /.,     punishment, 
penalty.  {TroLvq,       puuio, 

poeniteo. ) 
Polus,  -i,  in.,  Polus. 
Pomptinus,     -a,      -um,      adj., 
Pomptinu,  i.e.  near  Pometia, 
in  Latium, 
p5mum,  -i,  n.,  fruit  or  apple, 
pondo,  adv.,  in  or  by  weight. 

(pondus. ) 
pondus,      -Cris,      n.,     weight. 

(pendo,  I  hangup.) 
pono,  posui,  jx>sltum,  3  v.  a., 

I  place. 
pons,  pontis,  m. ,  bridge,  (prop, 
a  path,  Trdros,  German  Pfad, 
esp.  across  a  river  :    cf.  Pon- 
tifex.) 
Pontus,  -i,  m.,  district  in  Asia 

Minor. 
populuB,  -i,  7W.,  people, 
porgere.     Cf.  porrigo. 


porrigo,  -rexi,  -rectum,  3  v.  a., 
I  stretch  out.  (Several  con- 
tracted forms,  porgere, 
porge,  porgite,  etc.)  (pro, 
rego.) 
posco,  poposci,  no  sup.,  o  V.  a., 

I  demand, 
possies,  old  pres.  suhj.  of  pos- 

suiu,  for  possis. 
possum,      potui,      posse,      y. 
n.,     I     am     able.       (pOtis, 
sum.) 
post,  adv.,  and  prep.  gov.  acc.^ 

afterwards,  after, 
postea,  at/<'.,  afterwards,  (post, 

ea,  from  is.) 
posterior,  -us,   comparative  fr. 

posterus. 
posterns,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  coming 
after  ;  as  subst.,  descendant, 
(post,  conip.   posterior,   sup. 
postremus. ) 
post  hac,  adv. ,  after  this,  hence- 
forth, 
postliminium,    -ii,    n.,    return 
to      rank     and     privileges. 
Cf.     note     xl.     13.       (post, 
limen,  usual  derivation.) 
postquam,  conj.,  after  that, 
postremus,  -a,  -um,  last;  super- 
lative   from     posterus.      ad 
postremum,  at  last. 
postridie,    adv.,   on   the   next 

day.     (posterus,  dies.) 
postiilatio,   -onis,  /.,  demand. 

(postillo. ) 
postiilatum,    -i,    n.,    demand. 

(postulo.) 
postulo,    1    V.    a.,    I    demand. 

(posco.) 
potior,  4  V.  dtp. ,  I  obtain  pos- 
session  of  ;  with  gen.  and  abl. 
(potis,  able.) 


■'l 


126 


LATLV-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


LATIK-EXGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


127 


potius,  adv.,  rather  ;  only  used  ' 

in   comparative   pOtius,    and 

superl.  pOtissime.    (fr.  p6tis, 

-8,  «(/;.,  potior,  putissimus.) 

praebeo,  2  r.  a.,  I  otier.  give. 

praeceps,    -Ipltis,    adj.,    head- 

tirst,  headlong.    {prae,ci\piit. ) 

praecido,  -cldi,  -clsum,  3  y.  a., 

Icutotf.     (caedo.) 
praecipio,  -cepi,  -ceptum,  ,5  v. 
a.,  1  take  beforehand,  1  in- 
struct.    (ci\pio.) 
praeclanis,     -a,     -uni,     a'^., 

famous. 
praeda,  -ae,/.,  booty,  spoil, 
praedico,   1  r.  a.,  1  proclaim, 

declare  publicly, 
praedium,  -ii,  n.,  farm,  estate 
praefectus,  -1,  m.,  a  man  placed 

over,  overseer,  prefect,  (prae, 

facio.)  , 

praefor,   1   v-  dep.,  I  say  be- 
forehand. 

prae-iulgeo,  -si,  no  sup.,  I  v. 
71.,  I  glitter. 

praemium,  -ii,  ».,  reward. 

praemoneo,  2  r.  a.,  I  forewarn, 
admonish  beforehand. 

praesens,  -entis,  adj.,  present, 
(praesum.) 

praeses,    -ulis,    adj.,   protect- 
ing  ;  as  subd.,  ruler,     (prae, 

sedeo.)  ,         ... 

prae  •8to,-lti, -Hum  (rarely -avi, 

-atum),  1  I'.  II-  a"^^  ^*'  ^  ''™ 

superior,  I  surpass, 
praeter,  prep.    iiov.   «^^-.    be- 

sides,    except.       (prae,    and 

suffix  ter.) 
praeteritus,  -a,  -um,  2>f^^  tr. 

praetereo,  past, 
praetereo,  -ii  or  -ivi    Itum,  4 

r.  71.  and  a.,  I  pass  by. 


praetextatua,    -a,    -urn,    adj., 
wearing  the  toga  praetexta. 
pretiose.     adv.,     expensively, 
splendidly.     (pretiOsus  :    ct. 
prctium.) 
pretium,  -ii,  n.,  price, 
primum,  arfi\,  at  first.  Ubi,  or 

cnm,  primum,  as  soon  as. 
primus,     -a    -um,    adj.,   first, 
siiptrl.  ;  no  positive  ;   comp. 
prior.     (Cp.  priscus.) 
principium.    -ii,  n.,  beginning. 

(princeps.) 
prior,  -us,  adj.,  former,  comp.; 

(Cf.  primus.)  . 

priUB,  a</t'.,  before,     (pnoj-) 
priusquam,  conj.,  before  that. 
pro,  prep.  ijov.  all.,  before,  tor, 

in  ]>roportion  to. 
pr5  cedo,  -cessi,  -cessum,  3  v. 
n.,  I  advance.  .    •  ,  i. 

proceritas,    -atis,   /.,    height. 

procerus.) 
procerus,    -a,    -um,  adj.,  tail. 

(procello.) 
proconsularis,  -e,  adj.,  procon- 
sular,   acting    instead    of    a 

consul. 

procul,    adv.,     absolutely,    or 

1      with   ahl.,  with  or  without 

'       ♦  ab ' ;  at  a  distance,  far  from. 

"Dubio  procul,  without  doubt. 

procure,  1  v.  a.  and  n.,  I  take 

care  of. 
prod-eo,   ii,  -Uum,  -ire,  4  v.  «., 
1  come  forward,     (pro,  eo.) 
pro -do,  -duli,  -dltum,  3  v.  a., 
I  give  forth,  report,  relate  ; 
I  betray. 
proeUum,  -ii,  »-,  battle. 
pr5fero,  -tub,  -latum,  '^  v.  a., 
1  bring  forth,  1  prolong. 


w 


proficiscor,  -fectus,  3  v.  dep. 
n.,  1  set  out.  (pro, 
fftcio.) 
profundus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  deep; 
as  suhxt.,  profundum,  -1  («c. 
mare),  deep  sea. 
progredlor,  -essus,    3   v.   dep. 

».,  I  advance,      (gnldior.) 
prolnde,  adv.,  just  so,  just  as. 
proiicio,     or    proicio,     -leci, 
-iectum,  3  v.  a.,  I  throw  for- 
ward ,  thrust  forward.  (lAcio. ) 
prSmltto,  -misi,  -missum,  3  r. 
a.,  I  send  forth  ;  I  say  be- 
forehand, promise. 
promSveo,    -mOvi,   -mOtum,  2 
V.  a.,  1  move  forward,  cause 
to  a(lvance. 
promptus,   -us,   ?».,  readiness, 
in  promptu   esse^  to   be    at 
liand,  ready,    (promo,  I  take 
forth.)  ^  ,  . 

prdnuntlo,  1  v.  a.,  I  proclaim, 

announce, 
prope,  adv.,  and  jn-rp.  gov.  ace, 
near, almost:  pr5pe, prupius, 
proxime.  i 

propero,    1    v.    a.    and   n.,    1 

hasten.    (propOrus,  (juick.) 
propinquus,     -a,     -um,     near, 
neighbouring;    as    .s«/m7.,    a 
neiuhbour.     (pr6pe.) 
propter,  pren.  (/or.  ace,  on  ac- 
count of.  '  (for  propiter,  fr. 

pr('»pe. )  . 

propter  ea,  adv.,  on  account  oi 

those  things,  therefore, 
pro  pugro,  1  r.  n.,  I  fight  in 

front  of,  fight  for,  defend, 
proriplo,  -ripui,  -reptum,  3  v. 

n.,    1    drag   forth;    se    pro- 

ri]  ere,  to   rush   forth,    take 


refuge  in. 


(iflpio.) 


prorsuB,  adv. ,  forward,  directly. 

(pro,  versus.) 
prdsequor,  -cutus,  3  v.  dep.  a., 

I  follow, 
prospectus, -us,  w.,  view,  (pro- 

spicio.) 
prospere,     adv.,    successtully. 
(prospCrus,  from  prospe,  an- 
swering to  hope. ) 
pro -sum,  -fui,  prodesse,  v.  ??.,  1 

am  of  use  to. 
Protagoras,     -ae,    m.,    Prota- 
goras. 
pro-tendo,  -di,  -sum  and  -turn, 

3  r.  a.,  I  stretch  forth, 
prdtinus,      adv.,      forthwith. 

(t^nus,  prep.,  as  far  as.) 
proveho,  -xi,  -ctum,  3  v.  a.,  1 
carry   forward  ;    in  pa.ss. ,  I 
po  forward,  1  sail,  etc. 
providens,  -entis,  part,  of  pro- 
video,  careful, 
pro -video,  -vidi,  -visum,  2  v.  n. 
and  a.,  I  foresee,  lam  care- 
ful. ,  . 
provincia,   -ae,  /.,   sphere    ot 

duty,  province.  ,,   .    ,, 

provoco,  1   V.  a.,  I  call  forth, 

challenge. 
proxime,  ct/r.,  and  prep,  with 
,      ace,  very  near:    super,   fr. 

prope.  . 

proximus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  very 

near  :  [propis      obsolete], 

pr5pior,  proximus.         (Cf. 

prOpe. )  , .      , 

prudens,  -entis,  adj.,  foresee- 
ing,   discreet.      (For  pro'vi- 

dens.)  , 

publico,  adv.,  in  behalf  of  the 

stiite. 
pudor,      -oris,      m.,      shame, 
modesty.     (pCldeo. ) 


128 


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LATI^-ENGLISH  VOCABULAUY.         129 


puer,  -6ri,  w.,  boy.  t 

pugna,  -ae,  / ,  battle,  contest. 
(Root  pug,  strike :  cf.  pugil,  | 
pucno.)  ,  . 

publO,l^^.«..^fio'^^*•  (P"g^f  ^ 
piilchritudo,   -Inis,  /.,  beauty. 

(pulcher.)  . 

pullus,  -i,  ?«.,  young  animal  or 

bird, 
punio,  -Ivi  or  ii,  Itum,  4  r.  a., 

I  punish,     (poena.) 
puppis,   -is,  /.,  stern,  poop  of 

ship.  ,        , 

purgo,  \v.  a.,l  make  clean, 

clear,     (purus,  Ago.) 
puto,  1  r.  a.,  Ithmk.     (Lit.,l 

trim,  arrange,  and  so  reckon 

think  ;  root,  pu,  cleanse  :  ct. 

purus. ) 
pyrrhus,  -i,  m.,  Pyrrhus. 


quadraginta,  num.,  forty. 

auaero,    -slvi  or  sii,  sltum,  ^ 
V.  a.,  I  seek,  inquire  for,  ask 

quaeso,  -ivi  or  -ii,  no  sup,  6 

^  ,.    a.,    I    seek,    beg.     Used 
parenthetically,  '  pray.         . 

quaestus,   -us,  m.,  gam,  busi- 
ness,   (quaero.) 

quaUs,  -e,  wij.  pron     of  what 
kind;  talis  ...  qiialis,  such... 
as.     (quis. ) 
quam,  conj.  and  adv.,  than,  as. 

(qui.)  ,     .  1 

quamobrem,  m/r. ,  reZa/t«'^and 

Interroif.,  wherefore, 
quamquam,  co>y. ,  although, 
quantus,    -a,    -um,    adj.,    how 

great,  as  great,    (quam.) 
quasi,   adv.,    as    if,    3^^*    as. 

(quamsi.) 
quattuordecim     (or     quatuor- 

dccim),  numer.,  fourteen. 


-quS,  enrlltic  conj.,  and. 

queo,  -ivi  and  -ii.  -itum,  -ire, 

4  V.  n.,  I  am  able, 
quercus,  -us,  / ,  oak. 
qui,    quae,    quod,    rd.    pron., 
iudef.   adj.   pron.  and  inter, 
adj.  pron.,  who,  what, 
quia,  co«j.,  because.    (For  qui- 
am,  qui-iam,  whereby  now.) 
quidam,     quaedam,    quoddam 
(and  quiddam,  mhsL ),  iniOJ. 
pron.,  a  certain  one. 
quidem,  adv.,  indeed, 
quies,  -Ctis, /.,  rest, 
quiesco,  -evi,  -etum,  3  v.  n.,  l 
rest,    (quies.)  ,    ^  ^,     . 

quin,  conj.,  that  not,  but  that, 
but  indeed,  rather;  inttrroy., 
why  not?     (qui,  ne.)         ^ 
quin-decimvlr,  .i,aquindecim- 
vir,  one  of  the  college  of  lo 
men  who  had  charge  of  the 
Sibylline  books. 
quinque,  nuiner.,  five, 
qulnquies,  adv.,  tive  times, 
quis,  quid,  inter,  pron.,  who? 

which  ? 
quis,  tiua,  quid,  mdef.  pron., 

any. 
qui8nam,(iui<lnam,  inter,  pron. , 

who,     wliich,     what    pray? 
whoever  ? 
quispiam,     iiuaepiam,    .q»o(l- 
piam  (and   subst.,  quidpiam 
or   quippiam),    ind<'/.   pron., 

any,  some, 
quia  que,     quaeque,     quod'|ue 
(and  snlst.,  (luidciue  or  (luic- 
que),      indef.     pron.,     each, 

every, 
quis  quam,    quaequam,     qmc- 
([uam    or    (^uidciuam,    indrf. 
pron.,  anyone. 


quo,  adv.  and  coy.,  for  which 
reason,  in  order  that,  so 
that.    (qui. ) 

quod, CO »y., because, that,  (qui.) 

quoniam,  adv. ,  since,  because, 
(quom  for  cum,  iam.) 

quoque,  conj.,  also. 

radix,    -Icis,   /.,     root.       (Cf. 
lumus,  branch  ;  pt^ct,  root.) 
rapidus,   -a,  -um,   adj.,  swift. 

( nlpio. ) 
ratio,  -onis,/.,  reason,  account. 

(reor. ) 
recede,  -cessi-  -cessum,  3  i'.  n., 

I  fall  back,  withdraw, 
recipio,  -cepi,  -ceptum,  3j".  a., 
I  take  back,  receive.   (c;\pio.) 
recito,    1    V.   a.,    I   read   out, 

repeat, 
recondo,  -dldi,  -dltunj,  3  v.  a., 

I  put  back,  hide, 
recordatio,    -onis,  /.,   recollec- 
tion,    (recordor  :  cf.  cor.) 
re'cumbo,  -cfibui,  3  v.  n.,  I  lie 

down  again, 
recupero,   1   v.  a.,  I  recover. 

(capio.) 
recurve,    no  perf.,    -atum,     1 

V.  a. ,  I  bend  back, 
red  do,  -dldi,  -ditum,  3  r.  a.,  I 
give   back,    render,    imi)art, 
restore,     (re,  do.) 
redeo,  -Ivi  or  -ii,   -Itum,  -ire, 

4  V.  n.,  I  go  back, 
reditus,  -us,  m., return,  (redeo.) 
refero,     rOtuli    (and    rettilli), 
relatum,    3    v.    a.,    I    bring 
back,     return,     turn     back, 
attribute, 
refugio,  -fugi,  no  sup.,  3  v.  n. 
and  a. ,  I  flee  back,  flee  away, 
escape. 


regnum,  -i,  n.,  kingdom,  (rex.) 
rego,  -xi,  -ctum,  3  v.  a.,  I  rule, 

direct,     (rex.) 
regredior,   -gressus,  3  v.  dep. 

It.,  I  return,     (grildior.) 
reicit,  for  reiicit. 
reiicio,  or  re  icio,  -i€ci,    -iec- 
tum,  3  V.  a.,   I  throw  back, 
postpone,    (iilcio. ) 
reiicus.     Cf.  reliquus. 
rlligio,     -onis,     /.,      religious 

scruple,  obligation, 
relinquo,  -llqui,  -lictum,  3r.  a., 

^  I  leave  behind, 
reliquiae,     -arum,     pi.     only, 

remains.     (r6liquus. ) 
reliquus  (or  reiicus),   -a,  -um, 
adj.,  remaining,    (relinquo.) 
remedium,  -ii, «., remedy,  cure. 

(re,  mc'deor.) 
remotus,    -a,  -um,  part,  from 

removeo,  retired,  distant, 
removeo,    -movi,    motum,     2 
V.  a.,    I    move   back,   with- 
draw, 
reor,    ratus,   2  v.   dep.   a.,    I 

believe,  think, 
repente,        adv.,       suddenly. 

(ripens,  sudden.) 
repeto,   -ivi   or  -ii,    -itum,   3 
V.  a. ,  I  seek  again.   Memoria 
repeto,  I  call  to  mind, 
re-quiro,   -sivi  or  -sii,   -situm, 
3  V.  a.,  I  seek  again,  seek  for. 
(quaero.) 
res,  rei,/.,  thing,  deed, 
rescindo,     -scldi,    -scissum,    3 

r.  a.,  1  tear  open, 
rescriho,  -psi,  -ptum,  3  v.  a., 

I  write  back, 
re  spondee,  -di,  -sum,  2  r.  ??., 
I  reply.     (Lit.,  I  promise  in 
return.) 
I 


130         LATIX-EXGLISII  VOCABULAHY. 


"1 


1 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY.        131 


respuWica,     reipublicae,     /., 

state. 
resurgo,  -surrexi,  -surrectum, 

3  V.  n. ,  I  rise  again, 
re-tmeo,   -ui,  -tentum,  2  v.  a., 
I  hold  back,  keep.      (tt^neo.) 
reiis,   -i,    w.,  defendant  in  an 

action,  culprit,     (res.) 
revello,    -velli,    -vulsum    and 
-volsum,  3  I'.a.,  I  pull  away, 
pull  out. 
re-verto,  -ti,  -sum,  3  v.  n.,  1 

turn  back,  return, 
reverter,  -versus,  3  v.  dep.  w., 

I  turn  back,  return, 
revlncio,  -nxi,  -nctura,  4  v.  a., 

I  bind  back,  fasten, 
re-volo,  no  perf.  or  sup.,  are, 

1  V.  71.,  I  fly  back. 
rex,  regis,  m.,  king.     (rCgo.) 
rhetor,    -6ris,    m.,    teacher  of 
oratory,  rhetorician,  {prrruip- ) 
rideo,  -si,  -sum,  2  v.  n.  and  a., 

I  laugh,  laugh  at,  mock, 
rima,  -ae,/.,  crack,  cleft, 
rite,  adv.,  duly,  fitly,      (ntus, 

religious  observance.) 
rogo,  I  V.  a.,  I  ask  for,  ask. 
Roma,  -ae,/.,  Rome. 
Romanus,  -a,  -um,  a(//.,rvomau. 
rostrum,    -i,    «.,   beak,    prow. 

(rOdo,  I  gnaw.) 
rtibus,  -i,  rn.y  bramble,   (rilber, 

red.) 
rudis,  -e,  adj.,  rough, 
nirsum     and     rursus,      adr., 
again.     (For  revorsum,  from 
re-verto.) 
nisticus,   -a,   -um,  adj.,  of  the 
country,  rural,  rustic,   (rus.) 


/., 


sEcrarium,  -ii,  n.,  shrine,  sac- 
risty.    (Sclcer,  sacred.) 


aaepe,  adv.,  often.     (Obsolete 

adj.  saepis,  frequent.) 
saepe  numero,  adv.,  often, 
saevio,    -ii,    -itum,  4  v.  w.,    I 

rage,  am  fierce,     (saevus. ) 
salum,    -i,   «.,   the  open  sea. 

((TdXoS.) 

ealus,    -litis,  /.,   safety.     {U, 

salvus.) 
salvus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  safe. 
Samnis,  -Itis,  adj.,  Samnite. 
sanguinolentus,   a,  -um,  blood- 
stained,    (sanguis. ) 
sanies  (-em,  -e,  no  genitive  nor 
plural),  /.,  corrupted  blood, 
matter,     (sanguis.) 
sapiens,     -entis,     adj.y     wise. 

(s.\pio.) 
satira,   or  satura,    -ae, 

satire, 
satis,  adv.,  sufficiently, 
scateo,  no  perf.  or  sup., 
2  r.  n.,  I  bubble,  flow  forth  ; 
bubble  over  with :  w  ith  abl. 
Bdo,  -ivi,  -Itum,  4  v.  a.,  I  know. 
Sclpio,  -onis,  m.,  Scipio. 
scite,  adr.,  cleverly,  skdfully. 

(scio.) 
scopulus,  -i,Tn.,rock.  {(rKdireXos.) 
scriho,  -psi,  -ptum,  3  v.  a.,  I 

write,     (ypdcpuj,  schreibcn.) 
scrlptor,     -oris,     ?«.,     writer, 

author,     (scrlbo.) 

scutum,  -i,  n.,  shield.    ((TkOtos.) 

se,   and   sese,  f/eii.  sui,   rejlex. 

pron.,  himself,  herself,  itself. 

secessus,  -us,  m.,  withdrawal. 

(se-cC'do.) 
secum,  for  cum  se,  with  him- 
self, etc. 
secundum,  prep.  gov.  ace,  fol- 
lowing after,   according  to. 
(s^quor. ) 


-ere, 


secundus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  fol- 
lowing, second,  favourable, 
(sequor.) 

securis,  -is,  /.,  axe.  securi 
percutio,  I  behead,     (seco. ) 

securus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  free  from 
care,     (se,  =sine,  cura.) 

sed,  conj.,  but.  sed  eniin,  but 
indeed. 

sedeo,  sedi,  sessum,  2  v.  n.,  I 
sit.     (sedes,  insldiae.) 

seges,  -etis,/.,  cornfield. 

seUbra,  -ae,  /.,  half  pound, 
(semi,  libra.) 

sementls,  -is,  /.,  seed,  crop, 
(semen.) 

se  met,  strengthened  form  of  se. 

semper,  adv.,  always.  (C'f. 
sOmel.) 

senator,     -oris,    m.,    Senator. 

(senex.) 

senatus,  -us,  m.,  Senate. 

senatus  consultum,  -i,  n.,  de- 
cree of  Senate. 

sensim,  adv.,  slowly,  (sentio, 
lit.,  perceptil)ly.) 

sententia,  -ae,/.,  way  of  think- 
ing, opinion,  decision,  (sen- 
tio.) 

sentio,  -si-  -sum,  4  v.  a.,  I  per- 
ceive, judge,  decide. 

sentis,  -is,  in.,  rarely/'.,  thorn. 

seorsum,  a^y. ,  separately,  (se, 
verto. ) 

separo,  1  r.  a.,  I  separate. 
(jKlro.) 

septem,    numer.,    seven.     (Cf. 

eTTTtt.  ) 

sepulcrum,      -i,      n.,      tomb. 

(srpC-lio. ) 

sermo,  -onis,  ?»., speech.  (sCro.) 
Sertorius,  -ii,  r??.,  Sertorius. 
servo,  1  V,  a.,  I  preserve. 


servus,  -i,  m.,  slave, 
sestertium,  -ii,  ».,  a  thousand 

sestertii.     Cf.  note  vi.  4. 
severe,a(Zr.  ,austerely,severely. 
sex,  humcr.,  six. 
sexaginta,  niuner.,  sixty, 
si,  ronj.,  if. 

Sibyllinus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  of  the 
Sibyl,  Sibylline.     (Sibylla.) 
sic,   adv..   so,   thus.     ut...sic, 

correfatives,  as  ...  so. 
Sicanl,  -orum,  vi.,  the  Sicani. 
sicco,   1  V.  a.,  I  dry.     (siccus, 

dry.) 
Sicilia,  -ae, /.,  Sicily, 
sic'iit,  adv.,  just  as,  so  as. 
significo,  1  v.  a.,  I  show,  make 

known,      signify,      beckon. 

(signum,  filcio.) 
signum,  -i,  n.,  sign,  emblem, 
silentium,  -ii,  n. ,  silence,  (sileo. ) 
sUvestris,-e, at//.,  woody,  (silva.) 
simiil,  adv.,  at  once,  at  same 

time, 
simiilacrum,  -i,  n.,  image,  re- 
presentation,       appearance. 

(slmllis,  simulo. ) 
simulo,    1    V.    a.,    I    pretend. 

(similis.) 
sin,  roiij.,  but  if.     (si,  ne.) 
sine,  prep.  tjov.  all,  without, 
sino,  sivi,  situm,  3  v.  a.,  I  set 

down  ;  I  allow, 
sinus,  -us,  ?n., folds  of  garment, 

bosom, 
slsto,  stlti,  statum,  3  v.  a.  and 

«.,  I  cause  to  stand,  I  stand. 

Se  sistere,  to  present  oneself, 

appear,     (sto,  itrrTj/xt.) 
situs,  -a,  -um,  jiaj-t.  from  sluo, 

situated, 
sive  (or  seu),  conj.,  or  if.    Sive 

...  sive,  whether  ...  or. 


132 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULAUY. 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULAHY. 


135 


sobrius,     -a,     -"n^'    ^    ''    ''""^ 

drunk,  sober,  ."^"^^^^^^^'.^^g 
Socrates,  -is  or -i,w.,  Socrates. 

BOl,  solis,  w.,  sun.  „^iip«. 

saiemnis  (or  solennis  or  80  en 

nis),  -e.«<0.,ammal,.UtM^^ 
customary,  solemn.     (soUus, 
whole,  cf.  6\os.) 
soleo,  -itus,  2  r.  7,.,  I  am  ac 
customed.  „v;iip,l  • 

soUers,    -ertis,    fl^//-,    skiUe  I . 
Mithgen.     (sollus,  whole  )      , 

sollus,  whole.)  ! 

80lvo,-lvi,  -lutum,3r  fl.,Ire 

lease,  set  loose,     (se  luo.) 

somnium,  -ii,  h-,  ^^"-e^^"^-  ^'^'" 
mis,  Ott.o..)  ^^^^^ 

Bonorus,   -a,    -um,    ""7-» 

(sonus. )  i    •     ^      'iio. 

SopHocles,    is  and  -1,   r>...  ^^ 

Sp'  for  Spurius,  -i,  m    Spunus 
Bpargo,    -si,    -sum,  3  i.   «-, 

sprinkle,  strew. 
B^pculor    -atus,  1  v.  «''/'•  »•!  ^ 
'"^spy  out,  reconnoitre,  (sp^cio, 

spJcula,  watch  tower  ) 
specto,  1  r.  a.    1  gaze  at.     (In 

tens,  formof  spt;cio.) 
Bpecus    -us,»^,cave^     ^^^^^ 
spes,  -ei,^.,  nope,     v         f;    •.• 

splendor,   -^V«' /^''x  "^^ 
cence.     (splendeo,  I  sh  ne.) 

Bp6lium,-ii,'^,sp«il,  booty, 

8?atlm,af/r.,inunediately.    sto. 

status,  -us,  ...,  PO-^-  i^t: 
stlrps,   stirpis,  y.,   rareiy 

stem,  root. 
8to,stoti,st\tum,  stare,  n.»^. 

1  stand.     (iVTTjAti.) 
Bt6lo,-ouis,m..  sucker  of  tiet. 


BtrenuuB,  -a,  -um,  adj..  active 
energetic.  (Cf.  arepe6s,  hard.) 

Btruo.    xi,    -ctum,   3   v.  a.,   I 
build  up.  J 

studeo,  -111,  no  sup.,  2  ».«•,! 

less -,  I  amaze,    (stapco.) 
,„^deo,  .si,  -sum.  ^  ..  -  -d 

«     1  persuade.    (Cf.  suavis.; 
BUb;'prei>.  i/or.  ace.   and  aW., 

under.  o  „   « 

Bub-do,  -dldi,  -ditum.  Sua., 
I       I  place  under. 
BublatisBimuB,  .v«/..r/.  of  sub- 

latus,  from  toUo,  very  h  gh 
Buboles,    -is,  /.,    «boot.     (sub, 
6lesco,  grow.)  , 

Bubverto, -ti,  -sum,  3  t.  a.,  i 

overthrow.  „ 

Buccedo,  -cessi,   -cessum,  ^  v. 
n    I  go  under,  go  from  under 

ascend,  advance,  (sub,  cede.) 

Buffraglum,  -ii,  «-  ^'O^^* 

Sulla,  -ae,  7».,  ^"^^'^- .r"  „, 
8um,fui,esse,  y.  n..Iam 
summus,-a,-um,a(0.,b^gl;est, 

.,tp.W.  fr.  supt^rus,sin>eUoi, 

sfipremus  or  summus. 

and   all.,    above,   over,    on, 

about.  uride 

superbia,      -ae,      /,       P^^^^^' 

su^;C^^a!-um,«^.,  proud, 

,^^;:^:^ur^:I;l,  higher, 

TrVne;  ;   .omp.  fr.  snperus, 
^;"r^;,sni)r'nusorsummus 


Bupero,    1  V.  a.,   I   overcome. 

supeStes!  -itis,  a>lj.,  surviving. 
8upplicluin,-ii,H.,  punishment. 

^"^^''''alh'       from    below, 
sursum,     o'c.-,     ii""» 

(sub-versum.) 
8UU8,-a,-um,n'/'X'.«f.;.P>'on., 

his  own,  her  osvn   its  own 
synanche,   -es,  J.,  {<Tvyayxv\  a 
sore  throat. 


T.,  for  Titus,  -b  »^»"  J^*"^\pf    i 
tabema,    -ae,  J-,   s^op.      (Cf. 

tAbula,  plank.) 
tabulatum,      -b      ^'^      "°"'^- 

(tAbnla,  plank.)  1 

taceo,  2   t'.    »•    and   a.     I   am 

silent,  pass  over  m  ^^  ^nce 
tacitus,    -a,    -um,    Z'^'-./ ^Z" 

tacco,  not  spoken  of,  sdent^ 
taedium,     -ii,    «m     wearmess. 

Taen"i^!-b"..a-^'l^''^^-^^"^ 
1,  ,..  and/.,Taenarum  and 

Taenarus.  ,     ^  ,  ^r 

talentum,  ■i,^'.,tak"t[sumo 

money,£24315s.).(TaXa.ro.) 

talis, -e,m(/.,  of  such  a  kind, 

such. 

tarn,  rt^'''-»  so-  I 

tamen,  adr.,  hoNvever. 

tarn  quam  adv.,  ]x\&t  as,  as  it, 

as  it  were, 
tandem,  a</''.,  at  last. 

tantus, -a,  -um,  a^O;>s«J;'^^^^^ 
TarquiniuB, -ii, 'w..  lanimn. 
telum,  i.,  W-.  ^^art. 
temperantla,   -ae,  /-^  "'«*^^^^- 
tion,  temperance.    (tempOro, 

tempus.)  ,. 

tempestivuB,     -a,    -um,    adj., 
seasonable,  ripe,     (tempus.) 


templum,  -i,  ».,  temple, 
tempus,  -oris,  n.,  time, 
teneo,  tonui,  tentum,  Z  v.  «., 
I  hold,  keep.   Cursum  teneo, 
1  hold  on  a  course, 
tenuis,    -e,    adj.,    drawn    out, 

thin,  slender,   (teneo.) 
terra,    ae,  land,  country, 
terreo.  2  r.  rr.,1  alarm,   {rp^^-) 
terrificus,    -a,   -um,  alarnung, 

terrible,     (terreo,  facio  ) 
tertius,   -a,    -um,   adj.,  thmi. 

testis',' -is,  c,  witness,  (testor.) 

TliracuB,-a,  -um,ofO.,  ihracian. 

Tib.,  for  TlbC'iius,  -u,  »i.,  Ti- 
berius. 

tibia,  -ae,./:,  pipe,  flute. 

tibicen,  -mis,  >«.,  flute-playei. 
(For      tibnccn,      ir.      tibia, 

ci^no. ) 
Timocbares,    -is    and    -i,    »"•. 

Timochares. 
toga, -ae,/.,  a  garment,  a  toga. 

(tego.)  .- 

tollo,  sustnli,  sublatum,  .?  '".  «-. 

I  raise.      (Cf.  tuli,  tolcro.) 
TorquatuB,  -i,  w.,  Torquatus. 
torques  (and  torquis)    -is,  ni. 
and  / ,  twisted  necklace  or 
'      collar,     (tonpico.) 
terreo,  torrui,  tostum,  I  «'•  a., 
1  roast.  ,, 

totus,      -a,      -um,     adj.,     an, 

whole.  .       -.1      i.       4. 

tracto,  1  r.n.,  I  handle   treat, 

polish.     (Intens.  of  tr^ho.) 
trido,  -dldi,  -dltum,  3  v.  a.,  1 
hand   over,    give   up,    hand 
'       down,  relate,     (trans,  do.) 
trans  curro,    -curri    and    -cu- 
I      cuni,  -cursum,  3  i'.  n.,  I  run 
past,  I  pass. 


13  i 


j^ATlN-ENGimi  VOCABULAUr. 


lATIN-ENGLISll  VOCABULARY. 


135 


-^n     r.ffi   -acUnn,  3v.«-» 
transigo,  -\h''       i^     x  pierce. 
1    drive    through,    i    f 

transillo,  -ly  ;    ^  ^^j^p  across, 
4  r.  a.  ami  ».,  »^       L\\q  \ 
7    «nvpr      (trans,  siMio. ) 
leap  over,     v  _^^^^^    „j,^., 

tremitoundus,    -a,  ,^^^^  ^ 

full  of  tremblmg.     )  ^^,^. 

trepidans,  -a"*^^' ^'"' 

pido,  trembling.  ^^^^te 

«»;:;«:■  or  aUn«.     (C. 

tres,tria,  »»'nn-.,tluec.  VP 
'^^^'^■^  •       ra        tribnne, 

trtbua.)  .  snaccof  three 

tnduum,  ■>,  «^.  Xs,  «r.  sp»- 

days.      Vtres, 

^^""^•^       •;   «    soace  of  three 
years,     (tres,  o. 

^''3"':\,„    a  -um,arf/.,thre« 
n'oTnT^'bUth.   \tres,gern. 

""''^'Vn     I   r.   7K   and  a.,   I 

^1^^"- i^rf — b, 

turn,  nr/r.,  them     ^.^^^^.^.^nce 
tumultus, -us,w.,u 

^^^"^^T)  then      (tum-ce.) 
rSk'a''    uF-^'^^^'^'- 
^^^PJ^'  -^  7    turret,  tower 
turris,  -^^^J-\y^,      (tutus.) 
tute,a./r,saf«y-/'\  watch, 
tutor,  1  V.  dep.  a., 
defend,    (tueor.) 


-.a      .a      -urn,     cidj..  safe, 
tutua,     -a, 

(tucor.)              .     .1  (tu.) 

tuus,  -a,  -urn,  adj..  thy.  V 


;•     ^;ch,  fertile. 
^''J^here-hen.     Ubi  primum, 

^.here,  »"y*»';,f  •  „„      (For 
(,„«U,B,  aenun   of  >m«s^j^^^^_ 

ultimuB.-a,  -»";"/• 'obsolete  ; 
T:;UrM  «  tttV,  ultimus. 

"^^^ront-own^--^-      ^^'- 
ultimus.) 

unde  vlcesimus,  -a, 

,,,ueteentAi.  ^^  ^^  ^^ 

undique,  "'''•'  "„_n 

,,^es.    .(-»^;  -'^S  or  talon, 
unguis,  -IB,  m.,  "^^^ 

^^"-'^'^  ;,     solely,  especially. 

(unions,  unus.  ^^    ^    ^^ 

^^tgS.     '(--       -^•^'" 

any  time,  ever, 
unus,  -a, -urn,  »Hm.n^^^ 
urhanus,  -a.  -wni^  "  ./ 

city,     (urbs.)  ^  ^^.^ 

urbicuB,  -a    -um,  adj.. 

city.    («^-^«:) 
urbs, -is,/. »  city.         ^,,,j.,I 

urgeo,  ursi    »«  ;^^^i^;ra  upon, 
press  on,  press 

urge. 


urna,-ae,  /.,urn.  (Properly 
a  vessel  of  burnt  clay  ;  uro, 
I  bum.)  ,., 

ursinus,  -a,  -urn,  adj.,  like  a 
bear,     (ursus.)  ,      „     •„ 

usquam,  ada.,  J^nywhere,  m 
anything.  (For  ubs'quam, 
fromflbi.)  , 

usque,  m/r.,  all  the  way,  al- 
ways.  Us(iue  adeo,  to  such 
an    extent.      (For    ubs'que, 

from  ubi.) 
usus,  -us,  m.,  use,  advantage. 

ut^'utt'lith  mfZic,  as,  when; 
iit  ..sic,  corre/a^nvs as... so; 
with  siihj.,  in  order  that,  so 

that.        ^  «. 

uterque,    utr^que,   iltrumque, 

adj.  7>ro7i.,  both,  each. 
utilis,-e.aJj.,useul.      u  or  ) 
utor,   iisus,   3  v.   dep.,  1  use, 

with  abl.  ,         -    ,,  ^,. 

^trum,  interroij.  adr.,  whethci. 

(liter.) 
uxor,  -Oris,/.,  wife. 


vadimonium, -ii,  «-,l>ail-  (v^^^, 
a  surety.)  . 

vador,  lv.(/ep.  «»I^>"^^^^'^' 
by  bail.     (vAs.) 

valeo,  2  v.  ".,  I  am  strong,  1 
am  of  value.  In  leave 
taking,  viilo,  etc.,  farewell. 

Valerius,  -ii,  w.,  Valerius. 

validus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  strong. 

(vi\leo.)  ,    X   ■     f 

valitudo  (orvaletiido),  -inis,/., 

health.     (v;\leo.) 
vallum,  -i,  n.,  a  rampart  witli 

palisades,     (vallus,  a  stake.) 
varius,  -a,   -um,  adj.,  diverse, 

ditVerent. 


vastus,  -a,  um,  adj.,   empty, 

immense. 
_ve,  (uditlc,  or.  ,.  ,     „ 

vecto,  1  V.  a.,  I  carry,    {mtens. 

of  vtiho.)  ^ 

veho,    -xi,   -ctum,   3  v-   a.,   i 

veloxI^-Ocis,  adj.,  swift.     (Cf. 

v6lo,  -are,  I  tly.),  . 

velut,veruti,a(ir.,]ustas,asir. 

venatio,    -onis,    /,     bunting. 

(veiior.)  -r 

vendo,  -dldi.  -dltum,  3  r.  «-,  1 

sell,     (venum,  do.) 
venenum,  -i,  v.,  poison, 
venia,   -ae,  /,  pardon      Bona 

venia,  by  your  kind  leave, 
venio,  vCni,  ventum,  4  r.  ii.,  i 

come. 

venor,  Ir.  rf''2>- «..  I"""*-.    . 
venum,  -i,»'.,  sale.  In  classical 

writers  only  in  ace.  smg. 
ventito,    1   V.  n.,  I  e«me  fre- 
uuently.    (Intens.  ofvtMuo.) 
verher,  -fris,  n.,  scourge,  blow, 
verhum,  -i,  n.,  word. 
Vergilius,  -ii,  ?«.,  Vergil, 
vero,   adv.,   in  truth,  but  in- 
deed,    (verus.) 
versus,  -us,  m.,  a  line,  verse, 
(verto.)  ,  .  ,       , 

vertex,    -Icis,    m.,    whirlpool, 

top,  head,     (verto.) 
verto,-ti, -sum,3r.fi.,Iturn; 

in  paf<s.    also    with   abl.,    i 

turn  upon,  depend  upon, 
verus,  -a,  -um.,  adj.,  true, 
vester,  -tra,  -irmu,  i^ss.  proiUy 

your,   (vos.)  . 

vestigium,  -ii, »., footprmt,  so  e 

of  foot,     (vestlgo,  i  track  ) 
vestio,4r.a.,Iclothe.  (vestis, 

garment.) 


13G         LATlX-ENGLmil  VoCABULAIlW 


vetus,  -6ns,  adj.,  old. 

via,  -ae,  /. ,  roa«l,  way. 

vibro,  1  V.  a.  and  /;.,  I  brandish, 
I  shake. 

vicies,  ndr.,  twenty  times. 

vicinus,  -a,  -nm,  wlj.,  neigh- 
bouring; as  .s«W.,  a  neigh- 
bour,    (vicus,  hamlet.) 

Victoria,  -ae,  /.,  victory, 
(victor,  vinco.) 

victus,  -us,  m.,  food,  way  of  i 
life,     (vivo.)  I 

video,  vuli,  visum,  2  v.  a.,  I 
see  ;  in  />«>>!.,  1  setin.  Imper- 
sonally, videtur  mihi,  it 
seems  good  to  me. 

viginti,  nnmrr.y  twenty. 

vigor,  oris,  r/i.,  force,  strength, 
(vigeo,  I  nourish.) 

vincio,  -nxi,  -nctum,  4  v.  a.,  I 

bind, 
vinco,  vici,  victum,  3  v.  «.,  I 

vindico,    1     ''.    n.,    I    avenge. 

(vim-dico,  lassertauthority. ) 
vinum,  -i,  n.,  vine,  wine,  {olvos. ) 
violens,  -entis,  adj.,  impetuous. 

(vis.) 
vir,  viri,  m.,  man,  husband, 
virgultum,  -i,  ».,twig.  (For  vir- 

guletum,  fr.  virgula,  dcmin. 

of  viri;a,  branch,  twig.) 


virtils,      -utis,      /.,      valour. 

(vir.) 
vis  (vim,  vi,  woijeu.  stug.,  pnir. 
vires,    etc.),     /.,     strength, 
force,     (is.) 
vise,  -si  ,-sum,  3  r.  o.,  I  behold. 

(Intens.  of  video.) 
vita,  -ae,/.,  life,     (vivo.) 
vitlB,  -is,/.,  vine, 
vivo,    -xi,    -ctum,    3    v.    n.,    I 

live, 
voce,  1  r.  f^,  I  call,     (vox.) 
volgus    (or    vulgus),     -i,     it., 
rarely  wj.,   common  people; 
in  a/>/.,  volgo,  as  odr.,  com- 
monly. 
vole,  -ui,  no  sup.,  velle,  3    r. 
rt.,  I  wish  for.  (,>uid  hoc  sibi 
vult,  what  does  this  mean, 
vole,  1  r.  ?).,  I  fly. 
voluntarius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  vo- 
luntary,   (volo,  I  wish.) 
vos,  j'lnr.  of  tu,  you. 
vox,    vocis,  /.,   voice,    expres- 
sion.     (vi'K'O. ) 
vulgus  and  vulgo.     Cf.  yolgus. 
vulnus,    or   volnus,    -Oris,    n., 
wound.       (Cf.  vello,  I  tear.) 
vultus,  -us,  wi.,  countenance. 

Xanthippe,  -cs, /.,  Xanthippe. 

I        [ZauUiTnrr}.) 


ENGLISH-LATIN    VOCABULARY. 


For  dctaif.<<  about  Lafiii  vords  turn  to  the  Lathi- Eiujlish 

Vocabulary, 


abandon,  dcsino. 

able,  I  am,  possum. 

about,  de. 

accompany  (home),  proscquor. 

accomplishment,  disciplina. 

account,  ratio. 

account,  on  account  of,  propter. 

acquit,  absolvo. 

act,  ago. 

actor,  histrio,  actor. 

adjourn,  profero,  ditrero. 

administer  (justice),  dico  (jus). 

advance,  incedo,  procedo.  jirod- 

eo,  progredior. 
advanced     (in    age),     grandis 

(iiatu). 
advantageous  to,  e,  ex. 
advise,  monco. 
after,  post. 

afterwards,  postea,  posthac. 
again,  deiiuo,  itetum. 
against,    adversus,    adversum, 

in. 
age,  natus. 
agree,  oonvenio. 
alarm,  in,  trcpidans. 
all,  omnis. 

1 


allowed,  it  is,  licet. 

almost,  fere,  proi)e. 

alone,  solus. 

alum,  alumen. 

ambassador,  legatus. 

amusing,  hilaris,  iucundus. 

and,  et,  atque,  -que. 

animal,  bestia,  feia. 

announce,  ])raedico. 

another,  alius. 

anxious,  cupidus. 

appear,  videor. 

appearance,  aspcctus. 

apple-tree,  pommn. 

approve,  itrobo. 

arms,  arma. 

army,  exercitus. 

arouse,  excito. 

arrest,  adprehendo. 

as,  ut,  velut. 

as  if,  as  though,  quasi. 

ask,  interrogo,  rogo  ;  peto,  oro. 

ask  for,  peto,  oro. 

ascribe,  acceptum  refero. 

assembly,  contio. 

assist,  adiuvo. 

astound,  stupefacio. 


37 


138        ENGLWI-LATIN  VOCABULARY. 


ENGLISH-LATIN  VOCABULARY,         139 


at,  in. 

athletics,  ars  atliletica. 

attack,     oppugno,    pngno    in, 

incurro. 
attendant,  aeditumus. 
attract      attention,     converto 

oculos,  aniniiuii. 
author,  scriptor. 

back,  in  the,  aversus. 
bad-tempered,  morosus. 
bail,  viuiiiaonium 
barbarian,  l)arl)ariis. 
bark,  latro. 

bxttle,  piigna,  proeliura. 
bear  (>•.),  fero. 
bear-like,  ursiniis. 
beauty,  pulchritude, 
because,  quod, 
beckon,  signitico. 
before,  ante,  coram, 
begin,  coepi. 
behead,  securi  percutio. 
believe,  credo, 
bend,  tiecto. 
besiege,  obsideo. 
betake,  adfero. 
bird,  avis, 
blaze,  tlagro. 
block,  insula, 
blood-stained,  crucntus. 
blow,  verber. 
blush,  erubesco. 
bodily,  (jniifire  o/cor[»u3. 
body,  corpus, 
boldly,  intrepidus. 
bone,  OS. 
book,  liber, 
both,  uterque. 
both  ...  and,  et  ...  et. 
boy,  puer. 

brand    (with  mark  of  infamy), 
adticio. 


brave,  fortis,  strcnuus. 
brazen,  aencus. 
break,  infringo. 
bribery,  ambitus, 
bridge,  pons, 
bring,  fero. 
bring  in,  introduce, 
brother,  fratcr. 
build,  struo,  condo,  congero. 
burn,  ardeo,  deuro. 
but,  sed,  at. 
buy,  emo,  mercor. 
by  no  means,  nequaquam,  haud- 
quafpiam. 

call,  appello,  voco. 

called,  nomine. 

camp,  castra. 

can,  possum. 

carry,  fero,  vecto. 

carry  back,  re  fero. 

carry  to,  asporto. 

case,  causa,  res. 

cause,  (v.),  cmo  iri/hyerunilhw 

cautious,  cautus. 

cavalry,  equitatus. 

cave,  specus. 

cease,  omitto. 

censor,  censor. 

centre,  media  pars. 

certain,  a  {imlr/.),  (luidam. 

certainly,  procul  dubio. 

challenge,  provoco. 

chance,  by,  forte. 

chariot,  eurrus. 

charm,  demulceo. 

choose,  deligo,  cligo. 

citizen,  civis. 

city,  urbs. 

city,   in    the    {adj),    urbanus, 

urbicus. 
clever,  astutus. 
collect,  compare. 


come,  venio. 
come  to,  pcrvenio. 
comedy,  comoedia. 
command,  impcrium. 
command  (army),  rego. 
conceal,  celo. 

condemn,  condemn©,  danmo. 
confidence,  conlidentia. 
congratulation,  grain latio. 
conquer,  viiico,  supero. 
consider,    habee ;    I    am   con- 
sidered, videor,  liabeor. 
conspiracy,  coniuratio. 
consult,  consulo,  consulto. 
contest,  certamen. 
control,  impero. 
conversation,  senno. 
converse  with,  coUoquor. 
cook,  torreo. 
corn,  sementes. 
correct,  corrigo. 
country  {adj.),  rustieus. 
courage,  animus, 
course,  cnrsus. 
cowardice,  ignavia. 
credulity,  credulitas. 
crop,  seges. 
crowd,  turba,  cater va. 
crown  (.s.),  corona, 
crown  (?'.),  corone. 
cry,  eonclame. 
custom,  mos. 
cut  off,  decide,  praecido. 

daily,  (piotidianus. 

dare,  audee. 

dart,  telum. 

daughter,  filia. 

dawn,  prima  lux. 

day,  dies. 

death,  mors,  exitus  e  vita;  (con- 
demn to)  death,  capitis 
(damno.) 


deceive,  fallo. 

deed,  facinus,  factum. 

defeat,  vinco,  supero. 

defend,  defendo. 

defendant,  reus. 

demand  (.s. ),  postulatum,  postu- 

latio. 
demand  {v.),  posco. 
depart.  <ligredior. 
depend  on,  vertor  in. 
desert  (>.),  locus  descrtus. 
desert  (r.),  descisco  ab. 
desire,  opto. 
despise,  contemno. 
difficulty,  of  (rtf/y'.),  diificilis. 
direct,  dirigo. 
discover,  detego. 
dissipate,  digero. 
distance,  at  a,  procul. 
distant,  longus. 
divine,  divinus. 
do,  facie. 
doe,  cerva. 
dog,  canis. 
dolphin,  delphin. 
dominion,  dicio. 
draw  up,  instruo. 
dreadful,  inmanis. 
dream,  somnium. 
dress,  indue, 
drink,  haurio. 

drive,  cogo;  (from home), exigo. 
duty,  ollicium. 
dying,  moribundus. 

each,  quisque. 
ear,  auri.«. 
easily,  faciliter. 
educate,  educe, 
eight,  octo. 
eighty,  octoginta. 
elephant,  elephantus. 
emblem,  signum. 


no 


ENGLlsn-LA  TIN  VOCA  B  ULA  li  Y. 


embrace,  amplector. 
endeavour,  conor. 
enemy,  hostis,  inimious. 
energetic,  acer. 
enormous,  ingcns,  vastus, 
enough,  satis, 
enter,  introeo,  ascendo  in. 
equal,  par. 
except,  nisi,  praeter. 
exchange,  permutatio. 
exile,  exilium. 
expression,  vox. 
extraordinary,  egiegius. 
eye,  oculus. 

fable,  fabula. 

facing,  adversum,  a«l  versus. 

fall  down,  concido. 

famous,    praeclarus,    funi\    ce- 

lebri. 
farm,  fundus. 

father,  ]viter,  paterfamilias, 
favourable,  mollis. 
fear,  metus. 
feature,  lineamentum. 
field,  ager. 
fight,  pugno. 
figure,  simulacrum, 
find,  invonio. 
fine,  pecunia. 
finger,  digitus, 
fire,  ignis,  incendium. 
first,  primus, 
first  at,  pnmum. 
fit,  aptus. 
five,  ciuinque. 
five  times,  (luiiuiuies. 
fiight,  fuga. 
flower,  Hos. 
flute,  tibiae. 
flute-player,  tibicen. 

fly,  volo. 


foliage,  comae. 

follow,  prostquor. 

fond,  cupidus. 

food,  cibus,  victus,  pabulum. 

foot,  pes. 

for,  enim,  nam. 

forbid,  interdico. 

forces,  copiae. 

foretell,  praedico. 

form,  coid'ormo,  tingo. 

formerly,  an  tea. 

fortify,  munio. 

free,  libero.  . 

friend,  amicus,  familians. 

frighten,  consterno. 

from,  e,  ex  :  a,  ab. 

from  all  sides,  undKiuc. 

front.  In,  atlversus. 

fruitful,  ftlix,  fccundns,  uber. 

full  speed,  at,  citato  cursu. 

gain,  adipiscor,  mihi  obvenit. 
gain  possession  of,  potior, 
general,  imperator. 
gift,  praemium,  donum. 
give,  do,  re«ldo. 
give  account  of,  rationem  reddo. 
give  advice,  praecipio,  moneo. 
give    bail,    vadimonium   dare, 

i)r<>niittere. 
give  tlianks,  gratias  ago. 

give  vote,  sententiam  fero. 

glitter,  mice. 

go,  CO,  cedo. 

god,  dens. 

gold  («'(/.),  aureus. 

good,  bonus. 

good  for,  I  am,  valeo. 

grass,  gramen. 

great,  magnus. 

greedy,  avarus. 

grieve,  doleo. 

groan,  gemitus  edo. 


ENGLISH- LA  TIN  VOCA  B  ULA  11 Y.         1  -1 1 


ground,  locus. 

grow,  nascor. 

guard,  custodio. 

guard,  I  am  on  my,  caveo. 

half,  dimidium. 

hand,  manus. 

hand  to,  trado, 

happen,  tio,  accido. 

harmless,  sine  noxA. 

harsh,  asper. 

harvest,  messis. 

haste,  make,  propero. 

haughtily,  per  superbiam. 

have,  habeo. 

head,  cai)ut. 

hear,  audio. 

health,  valetudo. 

heart,  cor. 

heaven,  by,  divinitus. 

height,  proceries,  magnitudo. 

help  (v.),  auxilium. 

help  (r.),  adjuvo. 

herself,  ii)sa,  se. 

hide,  reccmdo,  delitesco. 

high,    many     stories,     niultis 

tabulatis  editus. 
his,  suus,  ejus, 
hold  on,  teneo. 
hollow,  caverna. 
home,  domus. 
honour,   honor ;  in  honour  of, 

ob  honorem. 
honourable,  honestus. 
hope,  spes. 
horse,  equus. 
host,  hospes. 
house,  aedes. 
how,  (juomodo. 
hundred,  centum, 
hunt,  venatio. 

Ignorant,  imperitus. 


Immediately,  statim. 
immense,  inmensus. 
impertinence,  petulantia. 
important,  ma  gnus. 
In,  in. 

In  honour  of,  ob  honorem. 
infamy,  ignominia. 
inflamed-throat,  synanche. 
inhabit,  incolo,  colo. 
inroad,  incursio. 
insult,  contumelia  afHcio. 
interpreter,  interpres. 
invent,  comminiscor. 

Jeer  at,  eludo,  iurideo. 
judge,  index, 
justice,  ius. 

keep,  retineo. 

kill,  occido,  interficio. 

king,  rex. 

know,  scio,  percallesco. 

labour,  labor, 
lack,  desum. 
lame,  debilis. 
land,  terra, 
language,  lingua, 
large,  magnus,  ingcns. 
large  sum  of,  grandis. 
lark,  cassita. 
laugh  at,  derideo. 
laurel  (.s. ),  laurus. 
laurel  [adj.),  laureus. 

law,  lex. 

law-suit,  lis. 

leader,  dux. 

leaf,  frons. 

leave,  relinquo. 

leg,  crus. 

lend,  dare  ...  mutuum. 

lick,  lambo,  demulceo. 

lie,  mendacium. 


U2       ENGLISH-LATIN  VOCABULARY. 


lies,  teU,  mentior. 

life,  vita,  caput. 

lifeless,  ex an«;« is. 

like,  move  {with  adj.  or  yen.). 

line  (of  battle),  acics. 

linger,  demoror. 

lion,  leo. 

live,  vivo. 

loiterer,  cessator. 

long  while,  for  a,  diu. 

loose,  let,  emitto. 

lose,  aiiutto. 

loud,  sublatus,  magnus. 

love,  aiiio. 

luxuriant,  lactus. 
lyre,  fides. 

mad,  I  am,  deliro. 
magnificence,  splendor, 
maintain,  retineo,  contendo, 
make,  facio,  reddo. 
make  haste,  propero. 
man,  homo, 
manoeuvre,  converto. 
many,  nuiltus. 
many  sorts  of,  varms. 
mark,  nota. 

marriage,  matrimonium. 
married  to,  I  am,  nubu. 
marsh,  palus. 
marvellous,  iniraudus. 
master,  domiuus,  ma-ister. 
matron,  materfauuhas. 

matter,  res.  •  1 1  ^^ 

mean,  what  does  this,  quid  hoc 

sibi  vult.  ,. 

medicine,  medicina,  res  medi- 

ciua. 
meet,  obviam  fio. 
mid-day,  (.s),  ^ies  meduis. 
mid-day,  (adj),  mendianus. 
middle,  meilius. 
military,  udlitans. 


mimic  hunt,  pugna  venationis. 
modern,  praesens. 
money,  pecunia. 
mother,  mater, 
motionless,  immobilis. 
mount,  iuscendo. 

mourn  for,  lugco.  . 

mourning,  habitus  lugubns. 

mouth,  OS. 

much,  multus,  grandis. 

much,    as  much  as,    tantus  ... 
(^uantus. 

must,  necesse  est. 

my,  mens. 

myself,  ego  ipse. 

name,  nomen,  cognomen, 
nation,  gens, 
natural  position,  natura. 
near,  ])rope. 
necessary,  necesse. 
neck.  coUum. 
neck-lace,  torquis. 
neglect,  neglige 

neighbour,  vicinus. 

neighbouring,  pro.xnuus. 

nest,  nidus. 

never,  uun(iuam,  nus(iuam. 

next,  posterus.  ^ 

next  day,  postiidie. 
I  night,  nox. 
'  nine,  novem. 

no  one,  nemo,  nuUus. 

not,  non,  baud. 

number,  luuuerus. 


ENGLISH- LA  TIN  VOCA  B  ULA 11 Y. 


143 


oak,  (piercus. 
oath,  iubiurandum. 
obey,  pareo. 
offer,  otVero. 
offspring,  fetus, 
often,  saepe. 
Old,  antitiuus,  vetus. 


old  days,  in,  antiquitua. 

old-fashioned,  priscua. 

old  woman,  anus. 

olive,  oltuni. 

on,  in,  super. 

one,  unus. 

one  day,  (luodam  die. 

only,  niodo. 

opinion,  1  am  of,  censeo. 

oppose,  loquor  contra. 

oracle,  oracuhun. 

order,  jubeo,  impero. 

order  that,  in,  ut,  quo. 

other,  alius. 

others,  the,  ceteri. 

ought,  debeo,  or  gerundive. 

out  of,  e,  ex. 

own,  his,  suus. 

owner,  dominus. 

palm,  palma. 

pardon,  poena  solvo. 

pass    (sentence),    fero  (sent*  u- 

tiam). 
pay,  do,  Bolvo. 
peace,  pax. 

people,  populus,  vulgus. 
perch  on,  insisto. 
perfect,  integer, 
perform,  facio. 
perish,  pereo. 
persuade,  persuadeo. 
philosopher,  philosophus. 
pierce,  perfodio. 
pitiable,  miserandus. 
place,  («.),  locus, 
place  (hope),  habeo  (spem). 
place  in,  condo. 
place  on,  inipono,  pono. 
plague,  pestilentia. 
plain,  campus, 
plan,  consilium, 
plant,  consero, 


play,  cauo. 

plead,  verba  facere. 

poison,  veneuum. 

polish,  tracto. 

position,  natural,  natura. 

possession,  take,  potior. 

praise,  laus. 

pray,  obsecro,  oro. 

present,  done,  oti'ero. 

pretend,  simulo. 

prevent,  to,  ut  ne,  ne. 

price,  pretium. 

prisoner,  captivus. 

produce,  pario,  edo,  profero. 

promise,  proniitto. 

proof,  argumentum. 

property,  praedium. 

propose,  censeo. 

provided  with,  copiosus. 

prune,  amputo. 

publicly,  publice. 

pull  out,  revello. 

pull  up,  revello. 

punish,  vindico,  punio,  multo. 

pupil,  auditor. 

quarrelsome,  litigiosus. 

ravage,  depopulor. 
raven,  corvus. 
read,  rccito. 
reap,  meto. 
receive,  accipio,  fero. 
recover,  recupero. 
refuse,  nolo, 
rejoicing  (s'.),  laetitia. 
rejoicing  {adj.),  laetus. 
relate,  narro,  trado. 
relation,  cognatus. 
remain,  maneo. 
remaining,  ieli(iuu3. 
remains,  reliquiae, 
remarkable,  eximius. 
remedy,  remedium, 


144         ENGLmi-LATlX  VOCABULAUY. 


ENGLISr[J..1  TIX  roc  J  B  ULABY, 


145 


reply,  respondeo. 
reproach,  obiicio. 
restore,  reddo. 
return,  retleo. 
returns  (.«.)»  reditus. 
reward,  pracniium. 
rise,  exurgo,  resiirgo. 
road,  via, 
roaring,  fremitus. 
room,  cubiculum. 
rough,  rudis, 

safe,  aalvus,  incolumis, 

safety,  salus. 

sailor,  nauta, 

same,  idem. 

save,  servo. 

say,  dice,  narro. 

scorn,  aspenior. 

sea,  mate. 

search  for,  (juaerG,  requiro. 

seated  on,  insidens, 

secret,  dandestinus,  tacitus. 

secretly,  taoite. 

see,  video. 

sell,  vendo. 

senate,  senatus. 

senate-house,  curia. 

senator,  senator. 

send,  ndtto. 

send  for,  arcesso. 

sentence,  sententia. 

separate,  separo. 

shake,  vibro. 

shame,  pudor. 

shapeless,  informis. 

shield,  scutum. 

shine,  praefulgco, 

ship,  11  avis. 

shoulder,  humerus. 

shout,  clamor. 

show,  ostendo. 

shut  in,  includo. 


shut  up,  claudo. 
sickle,  falx. 
siege,  obsideo. 
sigh,  murmura  edo. 
sight,  aspt'ctu.^. 
sight,  in  my,  me  inspcctante 
silent.  I  am,  taceo. 
silently,  tiicite. 
silver  [adj.),  argenteu?". 
sing,  cai)0. 
sister,  sorer. 
Bit,  sedeo. 
situated,  situs, 
six,  sex. 
size,  corpus, 
skill,  ara,  disciplina. 
skilled,  peritus,  snilers. 
slave,  servus. 
slay,  transim). 
sleep,  quiesro. 
small,  parvus, 
smear,  lino, 
so,  ita,  ita(|ue. 
soldier,  miles. 
son,  tilius. 
song,  carmen, 
soon,  mox. 
spare,  parco. 

speak,  lo<iu(»r,  dico,  ennntio. 
spear,  telum. 

speed,  at  full,  citato  cuisu. 
speed,  celeritas. 
spoil,  praeda. 
spring  into,  tiansilio. 
spring  dawn,  dcsibo. 
stand,  sto. 
stand  forth,  ex  to. 
stand  still,  consisto. 
state,  respublica. 
stem,  lignum, 
stern,  pu])pis. 

story,    tabulatnm   (of    housr) ; 
apologus  (tale). 


strength,  vis. 

strengthen,  firmo. 

stretch  out,  protendo. 

strike,  percutio. 

strong,  validus,  violeiitns. 

success,  with,  pro-spere. 

such,  talis,  ejusmodi. 

sucker,  suboks. 

suddenly,  repente. 

suffer  from,  patior. 

summon,  areesso. 

sunrise,  lucis  ortus,  sol  orieiis. 

supply,  eopia. 

surpass,  i)raest<). 

surround,  oingo. 

sword,  gladius. 

tail,  oauda. 

take,  capio,  fero. 

take  from,  detraho. 

take  to  flight,  in  fugam  me 
prorlpio. 

take  possession  of,  potior. 

take  refuge  in,  concedo  in. 

tale,  fabula. 

talent,  talentum. 

talk  with,  colUMjUor. 

teach,  docco. 

tear,  lanio. 

tear  in  pieces,  dilacero,  di- 
sc indo. 

tear  open,  rescindo,  divello. 

tell,  dico,  narro,  cnuiitio.     • 

tell  lies,  mentior. 

temple,  templum. 

ten,  decern. 

term,  condicio. 

terrible,  terrificus. 

terrified,  territus. 

thank,  grates  ago,  gratias  ago. 

thanks,  grates,  gratiae. 

that,  ille,  is. 

their,  suns,  eorum,  illonim. 


therefore,  itaque. 

thing,  res. 
■  think,  puto. 
j  third,  tertius. 
I  this,  hie. 

thorn,  stirps. 

though,  cum. 

three,  trcs. 

three  years,  triennium. 

through,  per. 

throw,  iacio,  coniicio. 

throw  away,  abiicio. 

throw  down,  everto. 

thus,  ita,  sic. 

time,  tempus. 

time,  at  the,  in  praesens. 

tomb,  se))ulorum. 

to-morrow,  eras. 

towards,  ad. 

tower,  turris. 

town,  oppidum. 

trappings,  insignia. 

treachery,  insidiae. 

tree,  arbor. 

tribune,  tribunus. 

triumph  (x.),  triumphus. 

triumph  (r ),  triumpho. 

trust  in,  confido. 

try,  experior,  cognosco. 

turn  to  or  on,  refero. 

turret,  turris. 

twenty,  \  iginti. 

twenty-times,  vicies. 

twig,  virgultum. 

two,  duo. 

uncle,  patruus. 
understand,  intellego. 
undertake,  recipio. 
unfinished,  inperfectus. 
unfledged,  involucris. 
unsettled,  iniudicatus. 
unusual,  novus. 


K 


146 


ENGLISII-LATIN  VOCABULARY. 


unwlUlng,  I  am,  nolo. 

urn,  urna. 

use,  utor,  expromo. 

useful,  utilis,  maguo  usu  and 


magno  usui. 

vain,  in,  frustra. 

vast,  iuiieiis. 

verdict,  I  give  a,  pronuiitio. 

verse,  versus. 

very,  aduKHlurn. 

victory,  victoria. 

vigour,  vigor. 

vine,  vinum. 

voice,  vox, 

voluntary,  voliintanus. 

vote,  seuteiitia. 

wag,  moveo. 
war,  bellum. 

warn,  uioueo,  praemoneo. 
warrior,  bellator. 
wavering,  ambiguus. 
weary,  lam,  of  tHis,  pertaedet 
me  huius. 

weep,  lacriino. 

weep  for,  coiuploro. 

weiglit,  poiulus. 

well -loved,  amatus. 

what,  ([uis. 

whatever,  (luicumque. 

when,  ul>i,  cum. 
whenever,  ubicumque,  cum. 


which,  qui. 

white,  albus. 

who,  (luis,  qui. 

whoever,  (juicumque. 

whole,  totus. 

why,  cur. 

wife,  uxor. 

wild-beast,  fera,  bestia. 

wUd-beast,  of  a,  (ar/j).,  ferinua. 

willingly,  libenter. 

win,  vinco. 

win  over,  comparo. 

with,  cum. 

wise,  sapiens. 

wish,  volo. 

woman,  mulier. 

woman,  old,  anus. 

wonder  at,  miror,  admiror,  de- 

nnror. 
wonderful,     mirus, 

niiriticus. 
wooden,  ligneus. 
word,  verbum. 
worthy,  dignus. 
wound  (8.),  vuluus. 
wound  (r.),  haurio. 
write,  scribo. 
writer,  scriptor. 

you,  tu,  vos. 

young  man,  adulescens. 

young  ones,  pulli. 


mirandus, 


ORDER  OF  THE  -STORIES"  COMPARED 

WITH  THE  ROOKS  OF  THE 

*'NOCTES  ATTICAE." 


SELECTION 

N 

OCTICS  ATTICAE. 

SKLECTIoX 

. 

NOCTES  ATTICAE. 

1. 

, 

xvii.  10 

21. 

ix.  13 

2. 

xvii.    4 

22. 

ix.  13 

3. 

xiii.    6 

23. 

ix.  11 

4. 

i.  17 

24. 

11.29 

5. 

ii.     1 

25. 

ii.  29 

6. 

v.    2 

20. 

11.  29 

1  • 

XV.  17 

27. 

iii.    8 

8. 

i.  14 

28. 

v.  14 

1). 

V.    5 

29. 

V.  14 

10. 

XV.  10 

30. 

V.  14 

11. 

i.  23 

31. 

.  vl.  (vil. )    5 

12. 

i.  23 

32. 

xi.    9 

13. 

XV.  22 

33. 

xii.  12 

14. 

XV.  22 

34. 

XV.       1 

15. 

i.  19 

35. 

xvl.  19 

IG. 

iv.  18 

36. 

xvl.  19 

17. 

iv.  18 

37. 

xlx.  12 

18. 

.  vi.  (vii.)    1 

38. 

• 

xvii.  16 

19. 

i.    3 

39. 

• 

v.  10 

20. 

i.  10 

40. 

* 

.  vi.  (vii.)  18 

14: 


INDEX. 


149 


INDEX  TO  THK  MOST  IMPORT AXT  NOTES. 


The  Roman  frptrc^  fjhr  the  number  of  the  s.kvtiou,  (he  Arabic 
naaroi  the  number  of  the  line  in  the  selection. 


PJ  

abhlnc  mult'm  nnnis,  xx.  10. 
ablative  abaolnft',  v.  t). 
accept  urn  refrrrc,  xvii.  13. 
accusative  p'ural  of  3rd  declen- 
sion in  -is,  ix.  2. 
acerbusy  v.  5. 
adfiues,  xxvi.  5. 
adirjere   aliquem  iusiurandinn, 

xl.  6. 
adjective  for  English  substan- 
tive  and    preposition,    x.    1 
(Milo    Crotoniensis)  ;     xl.    1 
(proeliuni  Cannense). 
advocare,  xxxii.  2. 
aedeM,  xvi.  17. 
aerarium,  xvii.  10. 
Aesopu.^,  x\iv.  1. 
ar/er  Pompfinus,  xxiii.  1. 
aKoivovoTiTOi,  xxxiii.  10. 
albuA,  xiv.  1. 

AlcJbiadeA,  iv.  4. 

Ahxandt-Vy  vi.  1. 

ambitU'i,  ii.  2. 

animus  and  mens,  v.  5. 

Antiochns,  ix.  1. 

antiquns,  xx.  4. 

arm/ranrhe,  xxxii.  \i. 

Arion,  xxxv.  1. 

Ariatoteles,  iii.  1. 


affrarfion  of  nntt cedent  into 
relative  'clause,  xxx.  2 ; 
xxxix.  G. 

Anrunci,  xx.  6. 

avunculus,  vii.  1. 

Bucephalas,  vi.  1. 
d)undusB.m\  -cundus,  vi.  11. 

Caesar,  C.  lulius,  xx.  10. 

Caesar,  Claudius,  xxix.  2. 

canere  tibiis,  vii.  4. 

Cannae,  ix.  1. 

capital  is  res,  xxx.  9. 

caput,  xix.  1. 

Cato,  xvii.  1. 

censfO    (parenthetically),     xvi. 

censores,  xl.  24. 

Chares,  vi.  2. 

Cicero,  xxxiii.  1. 

cinctns,  xxi.  17. 

Circus  Maxinius,  xxviii.  1. 

Cispius  Mons,  xxxiv.  3. 

copnafi,  xxvi.  5. 

comoidiarum  certamina,  i\.  2. 

com;>«>*arf  hominem  inalicjuem, 

xvii.  3. 


148 


congerere  (absolutely),  xxv.  3. 


consecution  of  tenses  after  his- 
toric present,  xxi.  12  ;  xxiii. 
6  ;  xxxv.  5. 

contestari  litem,  xxxix.  12. 

Coruncanius,  xx.  4. 

Crotoniensis,  x.  1. 

Crotona,  x.  1. 

cruor,  xxix.  23. 

c«m  (conj.),  vi.  8  ;  with  indie. 

(1)  frequentative,    xiv.    7  ; 

(2)  =  et  turn,    xxi.    (>  ;    (3)^ 
because,  xxxiii.  11. 

curia,  xi.  1. 

Curius  Dentatiis,  xx.  3. 

cu7'0  with  gerundive,    vii.   3  ; 

•  •  •        1 

XIU.   1. 

dative  of  purpose  (predicative 

dat.),  viii.  4. 
Dtmades,  xxxii.  4. 
Demosthenes,  xxxii.  4. 
dependent  interrogativcs,  x.  0. 
desim  re  artcni,  x.  3. 
devdio  (de-to  land),  xxxvi.  7. 
disciplina,  xxii.  2. 
dissi7nulanter,  xxxvi.  12. 
dum  with  subj.,  xxv.  T). 

Electra,  xxxi.  5. 

Ennius,  xxx  viii.  9. 

cphi}>piu7}i,  ix.  0. 

Euander,  xx.  0. 

extrceorf  in  middle  sense,  iv.  7. 

Fabricius,  viii.  1. 
/ac  ea.«»,  xxv.  11. 
facto  ...  opus  est,  xiv.  IS. 
fakihus  (currus  cum),  ix.  4. 
familias,  xii.  3. 
Eavorinvs,  xx.  1. 
felix  (fruitful),  xxxvii.  18. 

foculus,   XV.   7. 

forum,  xxiii.  21. 


frequentative  verbs,  xviii.  4. 
frenis  ...  fulgentem,  ix.  C. 

(jenitive  denoting  "nature," 
♦♦duty  "of,  xxxiii.  12. 

genitive  after  ^a^rund  (causuiuui 
orandi  cupidus),  xxxix.  1. 

gerunds  and  gerundives,  xiii.  1. 

gi'atiacy  xxxvii.  13. 

JIannihaf,  ix.  1. 

haurire  ])ectus,  xxii.  9. 

hercle,  iii.  1. 

Hispanicus  gladius,  xxii.  7. 

historic  infinitive,  xxv.  15. 

Horafii,  xx.  5. 

hosjtita,  XV.  2. 

iVZ  tcmporis,  xviii.  7. 
imperium  proconsulare,    xxix. 

5. 
inceptive  or  inchoative   verbs, 

11.    i). 

ingentis,  (ace.  plur.),  ix.  2. 
i/<  iure  stare,  xviii.  18. 
inmitterc  (absolutely),  vi.  9. 
insula  (lodging-house),   xxxiv. 

4. 
interrogatives,  dependent,  x.  6. 
ire  inffias,  xxxvi.  18. 
ins  dicere,  xviii.  16. 
iusiuramluvi  aliipiem   adigere, 

xl.  6. 

locative  case,  xi.  1. 
loci  (nusquam),  xv.  19. 

(e)  mediis  hostibus,  vi.  12. 
Menander,  ii.  1. 
mens  and  animuA,  v.  5. 
Methi/mna,  xxxv.  1. 
middle  signification  of  passive 
voice,  iv.  7. 


k2 


mo 


INDl'^' 


INDEX. 


151 


mild  atul  vd  ,n.   .atcr   verb., 

XXMl.    lO. 
J///.>,   X.    1.  .. 

Mdnkit(.%  xxxvm.  1. 
mon'dkt,  is..  6. 

-7te  pleoiKistic,  xi.  10. 
ne  ...  quis,  xi.  4, 
nemo,  xiv.  *.). 
nohili'i,  XXXV.  1.       _ 
7tof/<.s  cxtremo,  xyii.  .^. 
?iO)<»e,  until, ^nc,  ii.  &• 
iiiidii'^,  xxi.  7. 
niisqnam  loci,  xv.  H>. 

(),vs/f  .-,  xxxi.  r>.  ^ 

On.s/i  (genitive),  xxxi.  t). 
orthium  earmcu,  xxxv.  -i. 
Osce,  xxxviii   10. 

Palaflnm,  xxxiii.  1.^    ^ 
pano,  pario,  P'<ro,  i.  -       . 
^^aW.\//>^' ana  verb  in  Latu^^^ 
two  verbs   in  hugiisb,   xxi. 

„j!./^^^^  genitive,  i-l  temporis, 
^    iviii,  li  (luantuni  mercecbs, 

i>aS^  wiili  luiaaie  siguilica- 

tion,  iv.  7. 
I\la«ji,  XX.  <■>.  ...    „ 

y,er  ciuitcmptum,  xxiii.  o. 

Perktuder,  y-wy-  1- 

Perklt>i,  vii.  !• 

phnUr(i<\  ix.  6. 

Pliik)n"H,  ii.  1-     _ 

Piram-^,  xxxi  v.  l.>. 

;)/af/»'^  of  Atlicns,  v.  lU. 
2Hidarcliii-<,  iii.  1- 
/'o(  «»•*<,  ix.  8.  ... 

Pom}>tiiin-^ii'^cv,  xxm.  i. 

2J0>-siVx,  xxiv.  i:|.     ^^ 
2)osUiinininn},  xl.  1  — 


(in)  ^>mr.se?i.s  xxxiii.  2. 
pradextaHiH,  xi.  '2. 
;>rtrf/car;<r  <lative,  vm.  4. 
L•./;o.s•///o;^s  verbs  compoumlea 

^vith,  xxix.  2-2  ;  xxxiv.  3. 
pr/K.sa'.'«»^    ^^'^^^^    subjunctive, 

xxxiii.  4.  .  .     - 

y,>-o(0».s»;rt>-e  impenuui,  xxix.  o. 
Pruta<ioms,  xxxix.  o. 
p7irpo.^e,  dative  of,  viu.  4. 
Prjnuc^,  XX vii.  1 


I'ytltaiiora^  x.  1. 

(7HmZm/i  versus,  xxiv   10. 
r/«(ie  dicas  (indetiiute),  xx.  H. 
//«r(f'.so  (parenthetically),  n.  4. 

r/»rts/,  XV.  6.  .         //-      u 

<ia   Mith    subjunctive    (fmal), 
XXV.  17  ;  (causal^xxxvu.  o. 
<7jij(/...sibi  vult,  xji.  0. 

(si)  qnidre'x,  xxv.  i.  . 

mjy^vith  indicative   XX VI.  4. 

nuh  (indetinitc)    XI.  4. 
qni^qnmd  and  »//<i-S  x-  ^• 

re  ill  composition,  i.  0. 

Snmnttf'i,  viii.  1. 

.so^/m,  xxiv.  10. 

sicaU'hat  iris,  iv.  3.  ^^ 

,S'ct>/oAfricanus.xvi.  I  ;_xviii.  -. 

Sdplo  x^siatiens,  vvu.  ;). 

»cntum,  xxi.  17. 

^,,,.»o-«s  with  gt.'nitive,  vi.  14. 

,ed  enim,  x^^  10.  ..^ 

^'^'/"^  "'•"  */  *^"i ''p>      xxiii.  6  ; 
present,   xxi.    i-  •    -^• 

xxxv.  5.  ,  Q  . 

8cst,rtll  and  se^^hrtainu  vi.  ^, 

xxxui.  2. 
Snt<>rhi%  xiii.  1- 
SihyHiiii  libn,  xv.  1. 
SHrani,  XX.  0. 


Socrafcs,  iv.  1,  4. 

.so/  orieiis,  v.  H. 

t(olkmnis,  xvi.  18. 

iSo/>ho(leH,  XXX.  5. 

.S'?///a,  L.,  xxxiv.  15. 

^m/Ai,  p.,  xxxiii.  2. 

.supine  in  -uni,  xvi.    IIJ  ;    xxii. 

17  ;  XXV.  (5. 
supine  in  -u,  xiv.  5  ;  xxiv.  2  ; 

xxvii.  12. 

Taeiinrum,  xxxvi.  G. 
inkufum,  xxxii.  19. 
Tarqniuius  ^\\\)crhu?,  xv.  1. 
temporal      conjunctions    with 

subjunctive,     cum,     vi.     8  ; 

dum,    XXV.   5 ;     priusciuam, 

xxxiii.  4. 


fddae,  vii.  4. 

TorquaiiK,  xxi.  1. 

forqutSy  xxi.  3. 

frilmnus  niilitaris,  xxiii.  8. 

h'ihnniis  plebis,  xvi.  I. 

(Ui'vlbiLii  (elephanti  cum),  ix.  5. 

ullus,  x.  6. 

radari,  xviii.  22. 
vadimonhnn,  xviii,  19. 
veiium  dare,  xxxiv.  10. 
Vevijiliux,  i.  1. 
vcrdtur  in,  xxvi.  20. 
vklere.'i,  x xviii.  1.5. 
rult^  (^uid  sibi,  xii.  G. 

Zitma^  ix.  1. 


INDEX. 


153 


INDEX  TO  rROPER  NAMES  IN  THE  TEXT. 


Aesopus,  xxiv.  1,  9. 
Alcibiades,  iv.  4;  ^'"-  ^'^• 
Alexander,  vi.  1,  8,  10,  lo. 
Androclus,  xxviii.  <>,  1'2;  xxix. 

2,  3  ;  XXX.  U,  17,  19-     . 

Antiochu3,ix.l;xvi  l;xvii.4. 

Archelaus,  xxxiv.  13,  lb,  IJ. 
Arion,  XXXV.  1,  2,  U  ;  xxxvi. 

7,  11,  1'^,  1-i'  l^'V.    ,„    ,. 
Aristodemus,  xxxii.  1/,  lo. 

Ariatoteles,  iii.  1. 
Augustus,  xxiii.  21. 

Bucephalas,  vi.  1. 

Caesar,  C.  Julius,  xx.  16. 
Caesar,  Claudius,  xxix.  Z. 
Cato,  xvii.  2. 
Chares,  vi.  2. 
Cicero,  xxxiii.  1,  0. 
Claudius,  Q.,  xxxiv.  12. 
Coruncanius,  xx.  4. 
Corvinus,  xxiii.  8,  20,  '-1. 
Curius  (Dentatus),  xx.  3. 

Demades,  xxxii.  22. 
Demosthenes,  xxxii.   4,    t,  i", 
15,  21. 


Diana,  xiv.  4. 

Elcctra,  xxxi.  5,  8,  9. 
Ktinius,  xxiv.  10  ;  xxxviii.  9. 
Kuander,  xx.  ?•  , 

Euathlus,  xxxix.  1,  1-,  -•. 

Fabricius,  viii.    1,  7  ;    xx.    4; 

xxvii.  4,  9. 
Favorinus,  xx.  1. 

Hannibal,  ix.  1,  7  ;  xvi.  8  ;  xl. 

1,  17,  27. 
Horatii,  xx.  5. 

lulianus,    Antonius,  xxxiv.   I, 
7,  11. 


Manlius,  of.  Toniuatus. 

Menander,  ii.  1. 

Milo,  X.  1.  . 

Mitridates,     xxxiv.     13,       lO, 

xxxviii.  1,  10. 

Naevius,  xvi.  1. 
152 


Orestes,  xxxi.  6,  11. 

Papirius   Praetextatus,   xi.  5  ; 

xii.  7,  12, 
Periander,  xxxv.  3  ;  xxxvi.  8. 
Pericles,  vii.  1. 
Petilii.  xvii.  1. 
Philemon,  ii.  1. 
Philip[)us,  vi.  3. 
Plutarclius,  iii.  1. 
Polus,  xxxi.  2,  9. 
Protagora8,xxxix.3,4,  8,  10,13. 
Pyrrus,  xxvii.  1,  4,  13. 

Scipio  Africaiius,  xvi.  1,  o,  15, 
16;  xvii.  3,  7;  xviii.  2,  10,  20. 


Scipio  Asiaticus,  xvii.  6. 
Sertorius,   xiii.  1,   7 ;    xiv.   1, 

12,  20. 
Socrates,  iv.  1,  4,  6  ;  v.  2. 
Sophocles,  xxxi.  5. 
Sulla,  L.,  xxxiv.  15. 
Sulla,  P.,  xxxiii.  2. 

Tarquinius  Superbus,  xv.  3,  5, 

10,  14,  IS. 
Timochaics,  xxvii.  4,  10. 
Tor(]uatus,    xxi.    1,    15  ;    xxii. 

3,  6,  13,  14. 

Vergilius,  i.  1. 
Xanthippe,  iv.  1. 


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